Monitoring Climate Change Adaptation: Kenyas Experience Stephen M Kinguyu National Climate Change Secretariat Ministry of Environment,Water & Natural Resources (Kenya) stephen.kinguyu@gmail.com/King_uyu@yahoo.com www.kccap.info OECD Task Team on Climate Change Development Cooperation Zrich, Switzerland: 09-10 April 2014

v v 1. Introduction Kenyas National Performance and Benefit Measurement Framework (NPBMF or MRV+) was one of the deliverables of the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP). The NPBMF is: An integrated framework for monitoring, evaluating and reporting mitigation and adaptation actions, and synergies between them. Incorporate MRV of GHG emissions and mitigation activities and M&E of adaptation activities. To sit within a wider framework; use established institutions; minimise need for extra staff. The MRV+ system will assist Kenya to: Implement concrete climate change response actions in the form of policies, projects, programmes or business ventures. Formalise and institutionalise national & international reporting obligations (GHG inventory; NCs; and BURs). Demonstrate Kenyas climate finance readiness and provide a strong platform for attracting climate finance flows. NCCAP implementation will highly depend on the internal feedback generated through MRV processes. 09/04/20142 SMK 2014

v v 2. Kenyas NCCAP process 2010: NCCRS Launch Impacts & vulnerabilities Propose response measures Action Plan with limited costing NCCAP Early 2011 ToRs & Resource Mobilisation 2011-2012 Launch process & Design Stakeholder consultations Technical Analysis Technical Validation Finalisation Nov 2012: Validation March 2013: Launch 09/04/20143 SMK 2014

2.1 NCCAP Components & output streams 09/04/20144 1. Low Carbon Climate Resilient Development Pathway 2. Enabling Policy and Regulatory Framework 3. ADAPTATION 4. MITIGATION 9.Coordination&Management 5. National Technology Action Plan 6. National Performance & Benefit Measurement 7. Knowledge Management & Capacity Development 8. Finance ENABLERS SMK 2014

3. Kenyas Conceptual MRV+ Framework Addresses three core elements: Institutional Legal; and Procedural arrangements Components DSROAs; CCRDR; Indicators & BaselinesWG; Data & QA/QCWG. Actions tracking tool. 09/04/2014SMK 20145 Datasupply Dataandmetadatafromofficialandothersources. Nationalandsubnational Development projects analysis (MRV, M&E) Mitigation, NAMA analysis MRV Reporting System (MRV+ system Steering Committee) ClimateChangeRelevantData Repository(CCRDR) Raw/simpledata BasicQA/QC,completeness,timeliness Indicator and baseline WG DSROAs to ensure reporting Processed and checked data TAGM Processed and checked data CCRDR Processed data CCRDR Reports TAGD GHG Inventory Analysis MRV SynergiesandProjectInterface(SPI) Tocoordinateandharmonisetheinformation requestedbyTAGsviatheDSROsformitigation, adaptionanddevelopmentprojects.Tocompletethe synergyanalysisandmakethatinformationavailable todecisionmakers. Data QA/QC WG DSROAs to ensure data supply Adaptation, NAP analysis M&E TAGA TAGGHGI GHG Technical Team (FUs & TWGs) Emissions estimates DeliverablesData processing, quality controlData provision National / subnational planning and monitoring V2030 MTP NIMES KNBS County (47) Climate Change obligations UNFCCC Nat Comms BURs Climate finance readiness National registry A&M Carbon market

v v 3.1 Proposed MRV+ Governance structure 09/04/20146 SMK 2014 Indicatorsand baselineworking group MRV+ system managementteam (Climate Change Directorate) MRV+ systemsteering committee Membersof each of the functional elements of the MRV+ system, key ministries ensuring sectoral coverageand CSO representation Dataand QA/QC working group Chair fromthe National Climate Change Council MED coordinator KNBS coordinator GHGtechnicalteam Synergies & PI Technical AnalysisGroups Climate Change Relevant Data Repository (CCRDR) KNBS manager

v v 4. Adaptation Monitoring & Evaluation approach 09/04/2014SMK 20147 TrackingAdaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD) developed by IIED. Rather than measuring climate impacts or risk,TAMD indicators reflect: Institutional adaptive capacity (top-down adaptations); Vulnerability (bottom-up adaptations). Actions focusing on the development end of the adaptation continuum are measured, rather than costly technological fixes that may have limited developmental benefits. TAMD has been tried elsewhere especially in Isiolo County (Kenya) under the National Drought ManagementAuthority (NDMA). Kenyan stakeholders preferred climate change to be integrated in development rather than being treated as standalone.

v v 4.1 Indicators selection criteria 09/04/2014SMK 20148 Used vulnerabilities that were flagged by stakeholders during the county consultations and considered: The measurability of the indicator:Those indicators that could be measured using few data sets and for which data are/ could be easily accessible were favoured over those that did not have these characteristics. The scope for cross-sectoral benefits from the adaptation actions underpinning the indicator:For example, a climate resilient road network was considered particularly important because of its importance to the economy in general, in particular the movement of agricultural produce to market and tourism. The number of process indicators covered:Indicators that could be used to reflect progress on a large number of the national (process) indicators that underpinned them were favoured. The potential number of Kenyans to benefit from adaptation actions underpinning the indicator:Indicators measuring progress on institutional adaptive capacity that have the potential to benefit large numbers of people were favoured.

v Top-down (institutional AC) Bottom-up (vulnerability) 09/04/2014SMK 20149 Number of people by gender permanently displaced from their homes due to drought, flood or sea level rise Number of hectares of productive land lost to soil erosion % rural households with access to water from a protected source % urban households with access to piped water Cubic meters per capita of water storage % of land area covered by forest % of classified roads maintained and rehabilitated Number of urban slums with physical and social infrastructure installed annually Number households in need of food aid Number of County Stakeholder Fora held on climate change. 4.2 County-level Indicator examples % of roads made "climate resilient" or not considered vulnerable % of new hydroelectric projects designed to cope with climate change risk % of population by gender in areas subject to flooding and/ or drought with access to information on rainfall forecasts % of people by gender in permanently displaced from as a result of flood, drought or sea-level rise % of poor farmers/fishermen with access to credit facilities or grants % of total livestock numbers killed by drought % of area of natural terrestrial ecosystems in the county disturbed or damaged % of water demand met/supplied % of poor people by gender in drought prone areas with access to reliable and safe water supplies Number of ministries that have received training for staff operating at county level on the costs and benefits of adaptation, including valuation of ecosystem services

v v 5. Challenges 09/04/2014SMK 201410 CHALLENGE SOLUTION Quality data/information Inclusive consultative approach/ DSROAs/data repository Institutionalisation &Coordination Proposed coordination structure Lack of adaptation indicators Develop county consultations info. Stakeholder Ownership (GoK, NSAs) Inclusive consultative approach/ Sensitisation Adequate &Timely Funding Sensitisation/Use existing institutions Aligning of donor preferences and GoK/ National priorities; Sensitisation/Mainstreaming in planning/ budgeting Capacity Development & Knowledge Management Capacity Development & Knowledge Management Awareness vs. misinformation National public awareness strategy/plan Devolved Governance structures Sensitisation of county governments.

v v 6. Conclusions 09/04/201411 NCCAP is an important milestone for Kenya; Contributes to implementation of Constitution; Contributes to attainment ofVision 2030 & MDGs. NCCAP implementation will highly depend on the internal feedback generated through MRV processes. Enactment of Policy and Bill will give legal backing to climate change coordination entities & implementation of response actions. MRV framework specifically integrated in draft policy/bill. Implementation will require contribution of all stakeholders and partners. Final version of MRV+ adaptation aspects in NAP by June 2014. SMK 2014