Mongolian Journal of Chemistry

MONGOLIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology

MONGOLIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY

№ 13 (39)

Ulaanbaatar

2012

Editorial board:

Editorial-in-Chief: Acad. Prof. Batsuren D

Dr.Minjigmaa A

Members: Acad. Amgalan J

Acad. Regdel D

Acad.Temuujin J

Sc.D. Avid B

Dr. Odontuya G

Dr. Bayarmaa B

Dr. Ganbaatar J

Dr. Bayarjargal M

Dr. Khasbaatar D

Dr.Enkhtuul S

Prepared by: M.S Otgonsuren D

MAS, 4th

building, Peace Avenue,

Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia.

Fax: 976-11-453133

email: [email protected]

Acad. Purevsuren B

Sc.D. Gan-Erdene T

ww w w .icct.mas.ac.mn

Preface

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of

significant and original work across a variety of disciplines including chemistry, biology,

physics, chemical engineering and material science, which is likely to be of interest to the

multidisciplinary community that the journal addresses. Readership-Mong.J.Chem coverage

is highly relevant to a variety of industrial and academic sectors including: pharmaceuticals;

plant chemistry, analytical science; coal and petrochemistry, bio- and nanotechnology and

material science.

The Editors

at

Mongolian Journal of Chemistry

are committed to publishing high

quality new work which makes a significant contribution to the both academic and industrial

sectors development. In order to meet this aim, submitted manuscripts were evaluated by the

professional Mong.J.Chem Editors to ensue they meet essential criteria for

publication in the

journal.

We thank you for your submission to our journal and look forward to get another

submission next year.

Organizing Committee:

Dr. Minjigmaa A

Dr.Bayarmaa B

Dr.Ariunaa A

Dr.Otgonjargal E

Contents

1. A new humic acid remedy with addition of silver nanoparticles

G.P.Alexandrova, G. Dolmaa, U.Enkhbadral, G.L.Grishenko, Sh.Tserenpil,

B.G.Sukhov, D.Regdel, B.A.Trofimov

2. Biochemical study on the meat and oil of Mongolian fishes

B.Chantsalnyam, Ch.Otgonbayar, P.Odonmajig

, N.Tsevegsuren

3. Catalase, protease and urease activity in some types of soil

D.Purev, J.Bayarmaa, B.Ganchimeg, B.Ankhtsetseg, O.Anumandal

4. Chemical composition and quality of some river of Mongol Altai

G.Erdenechimeg, Munguntsetseg

5. Coumarins of Peucedanum Baicalense and their cytotoxic activity

J. Ganbaatar, E.E.Shults,

Т.N.Petrova, M.М. Shakirov, D. Оtgonsuren, E.Munkhbat,

D. Badamkhand, А.G. Pokrovskii, G.А. Тоlstikov

6. Comparative study of essential oil constituents of Bupleurum species from

Mongolia

Sh.Altantsetseg, S.Shatar, N.Javzmaa

7. Comparison of hematological and histological analysis of Clinomon and

Litovit-M in mice

J.Oyuntsetseg, P.Odnoo, J.Ganbaatar, L.Mandakhsaikhan, L.Tsogtzandan

8. Determination of phenolic compounds in Moravian wines

S. Badamtestseg, Ignc Hoza, Pavel Valášek, Vlastimil Kubáň

9. Determination of Alkaloids from the aerial parts of Caryopteris mongolica Bunge.

M.Dumaa, Ya.Gerelt-Od, Zh.Puzhao, L.Yinggang, S.Javzan, D.Selenge, G. Zhang

10. The comparison between novel reagent H-142, H-143, H-145 and xanthate for

flotation behaviour of molybdenum-containing ores

Z.Zolzaya, G.Burmaa, S.Enkhtuul, D.Khasbaatar, M.Munkhshur, E.Otgonjargal

11. Investigation of glucan polysaccharide derived from Fomes fomentarius.

in Mongolia

Ts.Bolor, N.Erdenechimeg, B.Amartuvshin, L.Munkhgerel, P.Odonmajig

12. Investigation of medical mud from Holboolj lake

G.Dolmaa, B.Nomintsetseg, G.Ganzaya

13. Investigation on characterization and liquefaction of coals from

Tsaidamnuur and Khoot deposits

( L ) Fr.grow ing

7-11

12-15

16-18

19-22

23-27

28-30

31-36

37-40

41-45

46-48

49-54

55-57

S.Batbileg

, Ya.Dabaajav, B.Purevsuren, J.Namkhainorov

14. Investigation of phenolic compounds of Scabiosa comosa, structure

elucidation of cosmosine

D.Batsuren, A.Tuvshintugs, B.Ganpurev, B.Sodbayar, B.Enkhjargal, J.Tunsag

15. Phytochemical constituents on leaves of Mongolian Sea buckthorn (Hippophae

rhamnoides L.)

G.Davaakhuu, N.Tsevegsuren, Ts.Bulgan

16. Phytochemical and pharmacological study of Mongolian Traditional drug

GARIDI-5

E.Sugarjav, B.Uuganbayar, Z.Oyun, Z.Ariunaa,G.Davaakhuu, Ch.Chimedragchaa

17. Preliminary results on characterization of various coal combustion products

from Mongolian thermal power stations and their application for preparation

of geopolymers

A.Minjigmaa, Ts.Zolzaya, B.Davaabal, U.Bayarzul, J.Temuujin

18. Protein and amino acid compositions in some Mongolian wood-rotting fungi

Sh.Naranmandakh

19. Removal characteristics of arsenic by Fe-Mn layered double hydroxide

and double oxide

E.Otgonjargal, Kitae Baek, Ts.Batjargal, Jung-Seok Yang

20. Relationship between structure and thermodynamic activity of carbon black

A.M.Amdur, V.V.Pavlov, B.Purevsuren, L.Munkhtuul

21. Some phytochemical constutients and bioactivity of water- and ethanolic

extract of Rumex acetosella L

D.Punsaldulam, E.Munkhbat, D.Otgonsuren

22. Synthesis and their photodynamic activity of new Photosensitizers for PDT

B.Bayarmaa, Young Key Shim

23. Synthesis and catalytic test of bimetallic Pd-Ag nanoparticle prepared by the

impregnation method

Sh.Nyamdelger, G.Burmaa, Christian Weilach and Karin Föttinger

24. Spectroscopic study and implications for biological reactive oxygen space sensing

of the inorganic DMSO/POCl3 reaction with BODIPY

N.Amgalan, Taehong Jun, Kang Mun Lee, HyuDavid, G.Churchill

25. Study of biological activity compounds in some Mongolian medicinal plants

S.Bayaraa, J.Batkhuu, A.Byayanmunkh, L.Khurelbaatar

58-65

66-71

72-74

75-77

78-81

82-86

87-97

98-101

102-107

108-113

114-119

120-122

123-124

26. Study biological activity of alkaloid protopine

S.Javzan, Y.Jamyansan, R.I.Alexandrova, D.S.Bae

,

Ch.W.Nho

27. Study on the washability of Baganuur coal by using float sink test

A.Ariunaa, G.Tsatsral, J.Narangerel, R.Erdenechimeg,

B.Purevsuren, S.Jargalmaa

28. Study on biological activity of Hyoscyamus niger L. grown in Mongolia

J.Irekhbayar, G.Davaakhuu, S.Odontuya, Burm-Jong Lee

29. Use of modifed zeolites for chromium removal from tannery wastewater

D.Batgerel, S.Erkhembayar, E.Anudari, G.Ariunzul

J.Dugarjav,

125-133

134-138

139-142

143-145

A new humic acid remedy with addition of silver nanoparticles

G.P. Alexandrova1, G. Dolmaa

2, U.Enkhbadral

3, G.L.Grishenko

1, Sh.Tserenpil

2,

B.G. Sukhov1, D. Regdel

1, B.A.Trofimov

1

1Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of

RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 2Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology,

MAS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

e-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACT: Previously known biogenic stimulator humic acid (HA) was the subject of this current study and HA

based new remediation was developed by addition of silver (Ag) nanoparticles in its macromolecule. Extracted HA

from a healing mud was characterized and used as reducing agent for Ag ion as well as a stabilizer for the formed Ag

nanoparticles. The properties of the obtained hybrid composite were examined by XRD, UV and FTIR spectroscopic

techniques. The diameter of the nanoparticles in the HA polymer was up to 8.6 nm and they were identified to be

metallic Ag.

Keywords: Composite; Healing mud; Humic acid; Silver nanoparticles

INTRODUCTION

romatic nucleus and functional groups

in the HA molecule react with cell walls

of organisms and with receptors in a

derma; furthermore, it shows a therapeutic

effect by penetrating through tissues [1]. HA is

a major proportion of organic matters in

Mongolian healing mud [2] and it tends to form

an organomineral particles. A hypothesis,

therefore, was developed that HA may possess a

stabilizing character for metal nanoparticles as

other natural polymers do [3-4] and such

behaviour has been recently investigated [5].

Humic substances from the healing mud differ

from coal, turf and soil derived counterparts by

their low molecular weight and high content of

reactive functional groups [6]. Silver shows an

antibacterial characteristic in addition to its

chemical stability, good thermal and electrical

conductivity and catalytic properties. Therefore

organic and inorganic hydrid composites

bearing Ag nanoparticles were synthesized and

studied for a different purposes; for instance, as

medical preparations, antimicrobial coatings for

biomaterials, as well as film castings for

electronic and optoelectronic devices. The

formation of Ag nanoparticiples in a variety of

polymers (e.g., natural and syntetic) has been

examined as size and dispersion pattern of metal

particles were unique for each case. Also natural

polymers are biocompatible making them

particularly interesting for researchers.

For obtaining metal nanoparticles, the most

important controlling parameters include

reducing agent type, stabilizer and the matrix in

which nanoparticles are formed. Dendrimers

usually take on a spherical three dimensional

structure, which is very different from linear

polymers. Additionally, it is predicted that HA

may provide more active sites for stabilization

of metal nanoparticles.

Akaihge et al examined the formation of Ag

nanoparticle in the presence of HA (i.e, from the

fresh water and marine sediment) under

environmentally relevant conditions (e.g.,

concentration, pH and temperature), and

discussed the possible formation by the natural

processes and their stability depending on HA

A

7 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 13 (2012)

7-11

Biochemical study on the meat and oil of Mongolian fishes

B.Chantsalnyam1, Ch.Otgonbayar

1, P.Odonmajig

1, N.Tsevegsuren

2

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS

2School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM


ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the meat quality and fish oil’s physical and chemical

characteristics of the Mongolian fishes: Syrok (Coregonus peled), and Lenok (Brachymystax lenok). Lipid content was

3.1 to 14.15%, moisture was 72.14 to 80.5%, protein content was 8.54 to 9.8% and total mineral element was 0.5 to

3.1%. The caloric value Lenok (Brachymystax lenok) was 68.7 and Syrok (Coregonus peled) - 142.8 Kj/100g,

respectively. Minerals included potassium (46.32 to 52.22%), phosphorous (39.06 to 41.3%), calcium (3.26 to 5.87%),

magnesium (2.08 to 3.97%) and silicon (1.14 to 2.24%), while zinc, iron and copper were present intrace amounts.

Eight non essential amino acids with total amount of 58.61 to 59.64% were identified, and histidine detected as in

highest value in all the species, followed by arginine. The data showed that the Mongolian fishes are of high nutritional

value and good source of proteins, minerals as well as non essential amino acids. The physical and chemical

characteristics of Syrok (Coregonus peled), and Lenok (Brachymystax lenok) fish oil were analyzed. These parameters

are: iodine value (IV), peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV), saponification value (SV), percentage of free fatty acid (%FFA), refractive index (RI) and colour.

The extracted lipid content obtained from muscles of Syrok and Lenok was about 14.15% and 3.1%. The percentages of

unsaturated fatty acids were higher than saturated fatty acids accounting for 74.37% and 25.6%, 83.83% and 16.46%

respectively.

Keywords: Syrok (Coregonus peled), Lenok (Brachymystax lenok), protein, fish oil,

macro- and micro-elements, amino acid, infrared spectrophotometer

INTRODUCTION

ish and other sea foods remain an

important source of white meat for the

human diet to its beneficial effect in

reducing coronary heart diseases. This effects

especially, due to the fat for the fish. Fishes

living in fresh water and ocean are contained

oils which used as food and in medicine. Fresh

water’s and ocean’s fish oil are contained 14-35

highly unsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid

pattern of triacylglycerol and phospholipids of

various fish oils were also assessed [1].

Epidemiological studies on the last assure that

omega-3 fatty acids are derived from fish and

fish oil to decrease the risk of coronary heart

disease, hypertension and stroke, and their

complications [2]. The liver obtained from fish

has high pharmacological activity (serve as

hypolipidemic agent an antiarthristic agent) [1].

It is known to be that Mongolia is rich in fishes.

From ancient times Mongolian people have

been used fish oil as food and remedy in

traditional and physical treatment of some

illnesses. Therefore, we have used fish Syrok

(Coregonus peled) and Lenok (Brachymystax

Lenok) which are widely distributed in

Mongolia. The purpose of our study was

biochemical study of meat obtained from two

species of Syrok (Coregonus peled) and Lenok

(Brachymystax Lenok)

EXPERIMENTAL

Methods. Moisture content was determined by

gravimetric method. The ash content was

determined by incinerating in a muffle furnance

at 5500C. Composition of the ash was measured

F


12-15

Catalase, protease and urease activity in some types of soil

D.Purev, J.Bayarmaa, B.Ganchimeg, B.Ankhtsetseg, O.Anumandal

School of Biology and Biotechnology, NUM

e-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT: Enzymes in the soil are closely related to the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil and regulate the formation of soil fertility, organic matter, nutrient mineralization and cycling in nature. Soil contains

phosphatase, urease, dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase, saccharase, protease, amylase, β-glucosidase, arylsulphatase

and other enzymes. The purpose of the given work was estimation of catalase protease and urease activity on three

different types of soil as high mountained steppe and dry steppe roughly humusified soil; mealy brown carbonated soil

and mountain meadow forest soil which are common in the mountain and steppe regions of our country in correlation

with soil depth and anthropogenic impacts. In all soil samples the highest enzymatic activities were detected in the

depth of 0-15 cm from the soil surface. For all soil samples the enzymes activities decreased more rapidly with

increasing soil depth affected to anthropogenic impacts in comparison with samples not exposed to human impacts.

Keywords: soil enzymes, catalase, protease, urease, anthropogenic impacts

INTRODUCTION

nzymes in soils mainly come from

plants, soil animals and microorganisms

and connected covalently, crosslinked,

copolymerized, adsorbed and included in the

microcapsules of soil particles (Girish S., Ajit

V., 2011). Soil enzyme activities vary

seasonally and have been related to soil

physiсo-chemical characters, microbial

community structure, vegetation, disturbance

and succession (Caldwell B. A. (2005). That is

why soil enzymes play an important role in

formation, converting and decomposition of

organic matter to the plant digestible forms,

decomposition of xenobiotics, involved in the

nitrogen and other elements cycle and life

cycling of soil microorganisms (Schaller K.,

2009). Nowaday soil enzyme activities have

been used as indicators in evaluation of soil

quality, climate changes, destruction and

toxification in ecosystems. Protease (EC 3.4.4…)

in soil plays a significant role in nitrogen

mineralization, more active in soils with a high

water and humus content forest soils and

landfills. Activity of this enzyme does not

depend on microbial community of soils and

expresses the biological activity of the soil. The

enzyme associated with soil fertility, regulating

the amount of available nitrogen in plant and

plant growth. (Girish S.et al., 2011). Peroxide in

soil is formed during respiration and oxidation

of organic matter (Andersen D.W., Gregorich

E.G., 1980). Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) decomposes

peroxide and its activity depends from organic

oxygen concentration, microbe biomass,

changes in CO2, and depends from

dehydrogenase, amidase, glucosidase and

esterase activity in soils. Therefore an important

indicator of soil fertility and aerobic

microorganisms (Burns R.G., 1982). Urease (EC

3.5.1.5) activity in soils depends from organic

and inorganic matter content; especially urease

is very sensitive to heavy metals (Girish S.et al.,

2011).

EXPERIMENTAL

Three types of soils samples were used in our

study (table 1). In all soil samples moisture,

soluble protein, protease, catalase and urease

activities were estimated.

E


16-18

Chemical composition and quality of some river of Mongol Altai

G.Erdenechimeg1, Munguntsetseg

2

1School of Pharmacy, HSUM

2Faculty of Chemistry, NUM


ABSTRACT: Main ions and guality of Hovd River and, its subrivers were studied.

Keywords: Hovd River, main ions, mineralization

INTRODUCTION he surface water of Mongolia is classified

into three groups according to its watershed;

Arctic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Continental watershed. The continental watershed involves 68 %

of the surface area of Mongolia and 40 % of water

capacity. The system of Khovd River is in Khyargas Lake Basin. The system of Khovd River involves 99

% of surface area of Bayan-Ulgii province, 21.0 %

of surface area of Khovd province and 21.0 % of

surface area of Uvs province. Khovd river is the seventh longest and the fifth largest river in

Mongolia. Its source is the top glacials of Altai

Tavan Bogd Mountains and it flows to Khar-Us Lake. Several other rivers, Tsagaan, Ikh, Uigar,

Sogoo, Sagsai, Khatuu, Khavchig, Shijigt, Uliastai,

Shurag, Shiver, whose sources are in the glacials of Altai Tavan Bogd mountains flow to Khovd river.

G.N. Potanin /1883/, B.A. Smernov /1932/,

N.D.Bespalov /1951/, Sh.Luwsandorj /1959, 1968/,

D.Dawaasuren /1961/, N.Tsend, Sh.Sodnombaljer /1964/, J.Tserensodnom /1971, 1975/, B. Tsendee

/1980/, B. Ariyadagva /1985/ did hydrochemical

studies from the points of the sample from Hovd river. According to the classification of O.A.Alekin

from that research result Khovd river and its

subrivers and lakes waters belong to the group of

hydrocarbonate with low mineralization and low hardness water. Beside that do some research and

summerize some materials, determine the

composition water from Mongol Altai mointain, water gualified estimation, defermine pollution

source, collect some etalon materials.

EXPERIMENTAL Hydrochemical studies of the water samples were

done using methods of O.A.Alekin (1973),

U.U.Lurie (1971-1947) V.Leite (1975), L.P.Sokolova (1989), L.A.Reznikov (1970),

D.Darimaa (1985), A.Munguntsetseg (2003). We

have taken samples from the points of Khovd river and its subrivers, and determined the location of

groundwater by JPS until October, 2010. We did

chemical composition analysis complex in Barnayl

Laboratory of water institution in Russia

Figure 1. The points of the sample

T


19-22

Coumarins of Peucedanum baicalense and cytotoxic

activity of some isolated coumarins

J.Ganbaatar1, E.E.Shults

2, Т.N.Petrova

2, M.М.Shakirov

2, D.Оtgonsuren

1,

E.Munkhbat1, D.Badamkhand

1, G.A.Tolstikov

2, D.Batsuren

1


2Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SO RAN

ABSTRACT: It was shown that the plant Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch is the source of valuable coumarins.

Five linear furocoumarins – isoimperatorin, fellopterin, 8-(1,1-dimethylallyloxy) bergapten, deltoin and marmesin were

isolated from the roots of Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch. The structures of these compounds were elucidated

by spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of isoimperatorin, fellopterin, 8-(1,1-dimethylallyloxy)bergapten and

deltoin was studied on models of human СEM-13, MT-4 and U-937 tumor cells. Compound 8-(1,1-

dimethylallyloxy)bergapten had the greatest cytotoxicity.

Keywords: Peucedanum baicalense, furocoumarins, isoimperatorin, fellopterin, 8-(1,1-dimethylallyloxy)bergapten,

deltoin, cytotoxic activity, tumor cells, X-ray analysis

INTRODUCTION

lants of the genus Peucedanum sp. attract

an attention of many researchers as a

source of coumarins. Previously, we

isolated pyranocoumarin (+)-pterixin from

Peucedanum terebinthaceum Fischer et Turcz.

of the Mongolian flora [1]. Plants belonging to

Peucedanum species characterized as the source

of angular furocoumarins [2]. Coumarins are

considered as phytoalexins since plants produce

them as defence substances when wounded or

attacked by other organisms. Coumarins can be

suggested to be beneficial for the plants

themselves as natural biocontrolling

antipathogenic compounds as well as for

humans as remedy for hyperproliferative skin

deseases and as reference compounds in various

bioactive tests. Furthermore, coumarin

containing plants are valuable as dietary

supplements on the basis of their mild

antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Coumarins are also active in a plant

metabolism, taking part in growth regulation.

Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch is a

plant which widely spread throughout the

Mongolian territory [3]. To our knowledge a

systematic phytochemical investigation of this

plant has not been properly carried out yet. The

aim of this study was to investigate coumarins

of Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch and

cytoxic activity some of the pure coumarins.

EXPERIMENTAL

Roots of P. baicalense were

collected near the place Baruun buren, Selenge

aimag, Mongolia in its butonization-flowering

period in 2012.

. Air-dried ground

roots of Peucedanum baicalense (Redow.) Koch

(400 g) were exhaustively extracted by

maceration with 96% EtOH (3x500 ml) at room

temperature. The EtOH extract was evaporated

to an aqueous residue, which diluted with

distilled water (1:1), and filtered. The filtrate

was fractionated by solvents with increasing

polarity, i. e., n-hexane, diethyl ether and

ethylacetate, respectively. Each fraction was

condensed by a rotatory evaporator. Then, the

fractions were separated by column

chromatography over silica gel.

P


23-27

Plant material.

Extraction and fractionation

Comparative study of essential oil constituents of Bupleurum

species from Mongolia

Sh.Altantsetseg, S.Shatar, N.Javzmaa

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Ttechnology, MAS


ABSTRACT: Essential oils have been isolated from the Mongolian plant species Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd, Bupleurum sibiricum Vest and Bupleurum multinerve DC by a hydro distillation method. The compositions of the

essentials oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS methods. Indicating the following main constituents: limonene

(15.21%), p-cymene (11.54%), (E)-β-ocimene (10.50%), myrcene (8.09%), sabinene (6.56%), α-pinene (6.33%),

germacrene-D (4.08%), β-pinene (3.13%), δ-cadinene (2.73%), spathulenol (2.71%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.53%)

for B.scorzonerifolium; caryophyllene oxide (16.97%), spathulenol (7.25%), pentodecane (6.33%), α-pinene (4.20%),

limonene (3.30%), myrcene (3.09%), cis-carvylacetate (1.69%) and β-cubebene (1.43%) for B.sibiricum; germacrene-D

(19.41%), (E)-β-ocimene (18.63%), myrcene (9.13%), limonene (7.81%), E-caryophyllene (4.60%), sabinene (2.80%),

β-elemene (2.72%), bicyclogermacrene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, (Z)- β-ocimene (2.00-2.10%), and caryophyllene oxide

(1.11%) for B.multinerve.

Keywords: Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, B.sibiricum, B.multinerve (Apiaceae), essential oil

composition

INTRODUCTION

he genus Bupleurum is a very common

wild growing perennial and 150 species

of those originate from Euro-Asia[1].

The roots are collected in the spring and autumn

of those bitter herbs are used in herbal medicine

that contain rutin, quercetin, organic acids

(oleic, linolenic, palmetic, stearic et al),

stigmasterol and bupleuromol, as well as

calcium and potassium[2.3].

The Bupleurum root is considered an herbal

anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent that

may be useful for treating rheumatoid arthritis

as well as it is a popular plant in traditional

medical systems in Europe and Asia with

reputation in treatment of chronic enlarged liver

or spleen which are caused by chemicals and

other hepatic affects, liver stasis, liver

congestion, depression and irregular

menstruation[5].

In Mongolian traditional therapy, the aerial

parts of Bupleurum species are used in some

cardiovascular diseases, in addition to infectious

diseases4. A literature search is revealed many

references of previous work those are on the

essential oils of Bupleurum species[6-8].

Volatile components of Bupleurum

scorzonerifolium and Bupleurum sibiricum from

the Mongolian flora have been

investigated[9,10] previously, while there is no

report on the volatile constituents of the aerial

parts of Bupleurum multinerve.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the

chemical compositions of the essential oils of

B.scorzonerifolium, B.sibiricum and

B.multinerve from the Mongolian forest-steppe

region.

EXPERIMENTAL

Plant material. The aerial parts of the

B.sibiricum Vest were collected from Zuun-

haraa of the Selenge aimag, B.multinerve DC

and B. scorzonerifolium Willd were collected

from Terelj, Hentii mountains in Mongolia

T


28-30

Comparison of hematological and histological analysis

of “Clinomon” and “Litovit-M” in mice

J.Oyuntsetseg1, P.Odnoo

2, J.Ganbaatar

1, L.Mandakhsaikhan

1 L.Tsogtzandan

2


2Mongolian International University

ABSTRACT: Based on earlier studies we activated Mongolian Tsagaantsav zeolite by tribo-mechanical avtivation and utilized it as a food additive, giving it the name Clinomon. This research is devoted to investigation whether the

supplementations of 2 levels (0.5%and 10%) of Clinomon and Litovit-M in the concentrate feed of mice have any

effects on their hematological parameters and compare parameters of Clinomon and Litovit-M.

Keywords: Tsagaantsav zeolite, Clinomon, Litovit-M, clinoptilolite, dietary supplement ,

hematological parameters, histo-pathology analysis.

INTRODUCTION

ongolia is rich in many types of

mineral resources; zeolite which has

unique properties is deservedly one of

them. Zeolite from the Mongolian Tsagaantsav

deposit has certain advantages like having

similar chemical composition and physico-

chemical properties to zeolite from the Russian

Kholinskii deposit. Based on earlier studies we

activated Mongolian Tsagaantsav zeolite by

tribo-mechanical avtivation and utilized it as a

food additive, giving it the name Clinomon. The

aim of this research was to investigate whether

the supplementations of 2 levels (0.5%and 10%)

of Clinomon and Litovit-M in the concentrate

feed of mice have any effects on their

hematological parameters and compare

parameters of Clinomon and Litovit-M.

Clinoptilolite were added to the standard mouse

ration. Four preparations differing in particle

size were tested: grilled by vibration mill (VC),

natural clinoptilolite (NC), tribomechanically

micronized clinoptilolite by attritor mill, named

Clinomon (MC) and Russian dietary

supplement Litovit-M (LM). A total of 54 CBA

strain mice were divided into 9 groups (n=6)

and supplied with food containing 0.5% or 10%

clinoptilolite powders. Two mice were

sacrificed from each group after 10, 20 and 30

days, and blood samples from these mice were

collected for hematological parameters and liver

and kidney were obtained for histopathological

analysis. The mice fed Clinomon and Litovit-M

didn’t lose weight. Liver and kidney

histopathology were not affected. Clinomon,

made by Mongolian Tsagaantsav deposit’s

clinoptilolite and Litovit-M, made by Russian

Kholinskii deposit’s clinoptilolite at the levels

of 0.5% and 10% in the concentrates doesn’t

have any adverse effect on RBC, WBC and

HGB. From these results, we concluded that

there were no significant differences between

Clinomon and Litovit-M on hematological and

histological analysis. In further, we should study

it in long term with large variants animals.

This paper was based on the animal welfare

application of zeolite. We focused more on

previous studies about biomedicine and the

animal nutrition of zeolite. Various biomedical

applications of natural zeolite. Clinoptilolite is

non-toxic and safe for use in human and

veterinary medicine. Animal fodder containing

zeolites has been shown to increase biomass

production in fisheries [1]

, to promote weight

M


31-36

Determination of phenolic compounds in Moravian wines

S.Badamtestseg1, Ignc Hoza

2, Pavel Valбšek

2, Vlastimil Kubбň

3

1Department of Biological Active Products,

Drug Research Institute, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis,

Tomas Bata University, Zlin, Czech Republic 3Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry,

Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic


ABSTRACT: Wines were made from Grьner Veltliner and Zweigelt and cultivars were grown in four different

geographical regions of Austria and Czech Republic; two wineries in Austria (Poysdorf, GroЯriedenthal) and two

wineries in the Czech Republic (Velkě Bнlovice, Bošovice). Eleven individual phenolics were quantified using a

HPLC/UV-VIS method.

Keywords: Moravian wine, phenolics, HPLC/UV-VIS, phenolic acids

INTRODUCTION

he phenols compounds in wine include a

large group of several hundred chemical

compounds, known as polyphenols that

affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.

This large group can be broadly separated into

two categories

such as flavonoids and non-

flavonoids.

Flavonoids include anthocyanins

and tannins which contribute to the color and

mouthfeel of the wine. Non-flavonoids include

stilbenes sach as resveratrol and compounds

derived from acids in wine like benzoic, caffeic

and cinnamic acid.

White wine contains significantly lower

amounts of total polyphenols compared with red

wines, mainly hydroxycinnamic acids,

hydroxybenzoic acids and flavan-3-ols

[1].

As a material for winemaking, the phenolic

compounds of wine grape are one of the most

important aspects determining wine quality. A

large number of published works have focused

on the essential contributions of phenolic

profiles to wine quality and sensory properties

[2, 3].

The phenolic profiles in wine depend on the

phenols contained in the grapes, the extraction

parameters, yeast strain, processing enzymes,

cap management, and alcohol concentration [4,5], while the phenolic compounds of grapes

are affected by many factors such as genetic

variation, maturity, climatic and geographical

conditions [6,7]. Other factors that influence the

extent of phenolic extraction are the molecular

weight, size and type of phenolic molecules, the

surface area for the concentration gradient, other

temperature treatments including grape and

must freezing and thermovinification, and

factors that affect cell permeability [8]. In this study some flavonoids, phenolic acids,

flavonols and resveratrol were determined.

These compounds could be key agents of the

antioxidant action on the human metabolism

pathway, the reason why we wanted to obtain

indication to qualify the wine from a nutritional

point of view. Also, the environmental

condition (temperature, rainfall/humidity, high

above sea level and geochemical characteristics)

can affect the wine maturation and consequently

the concentration of its phenolic compounds.

T


37-40

Two new alkaloids from the aerial parts of Caryopteris mongolica Bunge.

M.Dumaa1, Ya.Gerelt-Od

1, Zh.Puzhao

2, L.Yinggang

2, S.Javzan

1,

D.Selenge1, G.Zhang

2

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS,

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

2Chengdu Institute of Biology, CHAS,

Chengdu, China

ABSTRACT: Two new alkaloids moncaryopterine A and moncaryopterine B were isolated from the aerial parts of

Caryopteris mongolica Bunge. by the column chromatography and HPLC methods. Molecular structures of them were

elucidated by MS, 1H, 13C, HSQC, HMBC, 1H/1H COSY, and 1H/1H NOESY NMR methods.

Keywords: Caryopteris mongolica Bunge. Verbenaceae, alkaloids,

moncaryopterine A, moncaryopterine B

INTRODUCTION

aryopteris mongolica Bunge. is a

deciduous shrub and belongs to the

Verbenaceae family. It is widely

distributed throughout the Mongolian territory

[1]. In addition, this plant species grows in some

provinces of Hebei, Shanxi of Inner Mongolia

and Gansu, China [2]. In fact, Caryopteris

mongolica is only species grown in Mongolia,

whereas about 16 other species are discovered

in different places of the world.

In Mongolian traditional medicine aerial parts

of C. mongolica have been used for the

treatment of haemorrhage, chronic bronchitis

and for an increasing of the muscle strength and

urinary excretion [3]. In Chinese folk medicine

Caryopteris terniflora has been used as

antipyretic, expectorant and for the treatment of

tuberculosis, rheumatism and cold [4]. Some

species of Caryopteris are cultivated for a

decoration arrangement and ornamental

purposes.

Previous chemical investigations of Caryopteris

mongolica showed the presence of essential

oils, mono and sesquiterpenoids [5], hypolaetin-

7-glucoside [6], iridiod glucosides and steriods

[7, 8, 9]. Moreover, from other species of

Caryopteris iridoids, steroid glucosides,

phenylethanoids, diterpenoids, phenolic acids,

α-caryopterone, a new pyranojuglone,

clandonoside and its acetylated derivatives have

been isolated, respectively [10, 11, 12, 13, 14].

To the best of our knowledge there are no data

on alkaloids in all species of Caryopteris.

However, we are reporting here of the

molecular structure elucidation of two alkaloids

isolated from the aerial parts of C. mongolica.

EXPERIMENTAL

Plant material. The aerial parts of Caryopteris

mongolica Bunge. were collected from Terelj

Mountain chains, vicinity of Ulaanbaatar,

during the flowering period in August 2010. Dr.

B. Mandakh, Institute of Botany, MAS has

identified the plant species and voucher

specimen was deposited at the Herbariums of

the Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory,

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical

Technology of the Mongolian Academy of

Sciences.

Extraction and isolation of alkaloids. The air

dried and powdered aerial parts (3.3 kg) of

Caryopteris mongolica were extracted with

94% ethanol at room temperature for 3 times.

C


41-45

The comparison between novel reagent H-142, H-143, H-145 and xanthate for

flotation behaviour of molybdenum-containing ores

Z.Zolzaya, G.Burmaa, S.Enkhtuul, D.Khasbaatar,

M.Munkhshur, E.Otgonjargal

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS

ABSTRACT: In this study, a novel flotation collector reagents were tested for molybdenum containing ore. H-142 (E)-

4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-penten-2-one, H-143 (Z)-4-[(2-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-byteny]) aminoethyl) amino]-3-

penten-2-one and H-145 (E)-4-[(6-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-butenyl] aminohexyl) amino]-3-penten-2-one collector

reagents were used in flotation process for molybdenum containing ore. Maximum metal recoveries of molybdenum

were 63.61%, 67.80% and 68.13%, respectively. Molybdenum recovery of traditional collector butyl xanthate was

15.8%.

Keywords: Synthetic reagent, Flotation, Molybdenum, Collector

INTRODUCTION

olybdenum does not naturally occur

as a free metal on the Earth, but rather

in various states in minerals, which is

most frequently used as an alloying addition in

alloy and stainless steels [1]. Its alloying

versatility is unmatched because its addition

enhances strength, hardenability, weldability,

toughness, elevated temperature strength and

corrosion resistance.

Approximately, 50% all molybdenum

production comes from Cu-Mo ore as a by-

product [2]. Mongolia is a major producer and

exporter of copper and molybdenum

concentrate, accounting for 1.2% of the world's

molybdenum production [3]. Molybdenum

recovery of Erdenet mining what is only one

Cu-Mo mining industry in Mongolia is only

45%. It needs to find a way to increase

molybdenum recovery. One of main minerals of

molybdenum is molybdenite (MoS2) that begins

from primary process of geochemistry.

Flotation means to concentrate the minerals

according to their physical and chemical

diversity of surface, and specific character to be

soaked with water. A several chemicals of

different capacity are used in the flotation

process. Flotation chemicals are divided as

collector, coordinator and foaming according to

their purpose.

Here, we present the possibility use of novel

collector reagents such as (E)-4-[(2-

hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-penten-2-one (H-142),

(Z)-4-[(2-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-byteny])

aminoethyl) amino]-3-penten-2-one (H-143)

and (E)-4-[(6-[(E)-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-butenyl]

aminohexyl ) amino]-3-penten-2-one) (H-145)

that recover the molybdenum from the Cu-Mo

ore and compare the result with the traditional

collector BX.

EXPERIMENTAL

Main analysis and experiments were carried out

in the laboratory of precious and rare metals,

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical

Technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences

and Central Laboratory of Geology. Samples

were prepared from copper and molybdenum

ore of Erdenet mining in 2007. Novel reagents

H-142, H-143 and H-145 as collectors that

synthesized in the Irkutsk Institute of Organic

M


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Investigation of glucan polysaccharides derived from

Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. grown in Mongolia

Ts.Bolor, N.Erdenechimeg, B.Amartuvshin, L.Munkhgerel, P.Odonmajig



ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to analyze chemical composition and to isolate the glucan polysaccharides of fruiting bodies of F.fomentarius (L.) Fr. grown in Mongolia. Extraction with hot water (yield 0.91%) and alkali-

soluble extraction (yield 3.7%) were purified and examined by using PC, IR and viscometric analysis, respectively.

Water fraction showed mainly glucose, rhamnose and arabinose. This preparation contained 0.16% protein and

molecular weights were about 6829.3 Da. And Alkali- soluble extraction consist of glucose and rhamnose. The

molecular weight of these polysaccharides was 507.9 Da and contained 0.2% protein. Element analysis of Fomes

fomentarius (L.) Fr. showed that this fungus contains K, Mg, Ca, Zn and other elements favoring health.

Keywords: Fomes fomentarius ( L.) Fr., polysaccharide, monosaccharide, glucan

INTRODUCTION

edicinal mushrooms have been

widely used as tonic food and herb

remedy in many Asian countries since

ancient times. They comprise a vast and yet

largely untapped source of powerful new

pharmaceutical products and represent a source

of polysaccharides with antitumor and

immunostimulating properties [1, 2]. Therefore,

searching for alternative medicines and natural

therapeutics for cancer therapy, medicinal

mushrooms are among the most promising

targets. Fomes fomentarius (Tender polypore)

is a fungus of the Polyporaceae family. It is also

used to make a popular drink, which is believed

in Japan to be a tonic and to have an anticancer

effect. It has also been reported that Fomes

fomentarius has an inhibitory effect of virus

infection on plants [1]. The fruiting body has

been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for

many centuries for the treatment of various

diseases, including oral ulcer, gastro enteric

disorder, hepatocirrhosis, inflammation, and

various cancers. Recent study has shown that

F.fomentarius has the effect of being

antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and

antitumor activities [1, 3, 4]. As a result of its

perceived health benefits, F.fomentarius has

gained wide popularity as an effective medicine

and has become one of the valuable mushrooms

in China. The fall in supply and the increase in

demand have stimulated interest in the search

for substitutes of the natural products of the

fungus [5-10]. Also, methanol extract of

F.fomentarius had immunomodulatory activity

[1]. Wasser S.P and Weis A.L have shown that

the beta-glucans from fruiting body and

submerged and cultured mycelial biomass of

F.fomentarius had antitumor activity [11].

Mushroom’s polysaccharides, especially,

the high molecular weight β-D-glucan have

been considered to have anti-cancer activity.

Many polysaccharides (glucans) purified from

mushroom fungi belong to either homoglycans

or heteroglycans while others mostly bind to

protein residues as polysaccharide-protein

complexes. The fungal antitumor

polysaccharides are mainly present as glucans

with different types of glycosidic linkages, but

some are true heteroglycans. Glucan from the

M


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Investigation of medical mud from Holboolj Lake

G.Dolmaa, B.Nomintsetseg, G.Ganzaya



ABSTRACT: We have studied physicochemical properties and yield of free and linked organic compound, mineral components, element and yield of macromolecular compounds of healing mud, which is collected from Holboolj Lake.

Minerals enter peloids underground as well as from the surface. They are leached out of the surrounding earth into the

peloid bed. We determined microcline -K(Si3AI)O8, quartz- SiO2 which is most common mineral on the face of earth

and albite - Na (AISi3O8) by X-Ray diffraction analysis. The organic matter of medical mud investigated using

chemical analysis and analytical technique. Some classes of biomolecules including humin, lipid, and carbohydrate

were identified. Humic acid which is the major part of peloid organic matter concentration varied 0.59% and 41.54% of

total organic matter of peloid. Composition of organic matter in peloid is to affect its chemical and physical property

and to empower bio-chemical process in mud. Holboolj Lake belongs to continental hydrosulfide peloid.

Keywords: peloid, hydrosulfide, mineral

INTRODUCTION

eloids are natural great product and multi-

component system, which consists of

minerals, water, salt, free and linked

organic matter and organo-mineral complex,

micro and macro elements, macromolecular

compounds. Peloids formed a very long period

of time by chemical, physical, biological and

geological processes, and that became

healthfulness.[1]The first recorded use of

medical mud goes back to ancient Greek but

research work of medical mud was not

performed until 19th century. Nowadays, many

country studied chemical composition and

properties of own country’s peloid. For

example, Russian scientists carried out

extensive research on the chemical nature and

therapeutic properties of the sapropel and peat.

There are more than hundred lakes with medical

mud in Mongolian but we have studied

physicochemical properties and some organic

compound of healing mud, which is collected

from 30 lakes. The main objective of this paper

is to determine the chemical, physical

composition of natural healing mud from

Holboolj Lake and to provide some fundamental

data which are useful to explain the therapeutic

effects of peloid.

EXPERIMENTAL

Sampling area. We selected and collected the

samples of the peloid from the bottom

sediments of the Holboolj Lake that located at

1330 m above the sea level and situated

southwest from Bogd sum, Baynkhongor

province. The size of the lake is 0.6 km by 1,2

km [2]. Water in this lake is highly mineralized.

Methods. For investigation we have used MNS

5849:2008 [3] standard for determination of

general characteristics of peloid and organic

matters isolated from dried peloids, that

preliminary washed by distilled water with the

purpose of cleaning from salts, consistently

extracted with hexane, chloroform, acetone, and

mixture of ethanol: benzene (1:9). The

concentration of total organic carbon (TOC)

was determined using rapid dichromate

oxidation of organic matter (Nelson and

Sommers, 1996). The composition of organic

compounds was determined by IR method. IR

P


55-57

Investigation on characterization and liquefaction of coals

from Tsaidamnuur and Khoot deposits

S.Batbileg , Ya.Dabaajav, B.Purevsuren, J.Namkhainorov

Institiute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS

ABSTRACT: On the basis of proximate, ultimate, petrographic and IR analysis results have been confirmed that the

Khoot coal is a middle-rank D mark stone coal and Tsaidamnuur coal is a low-rank B mark lignite brown coal. The results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of coal ash show that the Khoot and Tsaidamnuur coals are subbituminous coal.

The ash of Khoot coal has an acidic character and the ash of Tsaidamnuur coal has an alkaline character. The results of

pyrolysis of Khoot coal at different heating temperatures show that a maximum yield-10,3% of liquid product can be

obtained at 600oC. Also the results of pyrolysis of Tsaidamnuur coal at different heating temperatures show that a

maximum yield-13,7% of liquid product can be obtained at 500oC. The results of thermal dissolution of Khoot coal in

tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1,8) at 450oC show that 60,8% of liquid product can be

obtained after thermal decomposition of the coal organic mass. Also the results of thermal dissolution of Tsaidamnuur

coal in tetralin with constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1,8) at 450oC show that 80,0% of liquid product

can be obtained after thermal decomposition of the coal organic mass.

Keywords: pyrolysis, petrographic, mineral compounds, thermal dissolution

INTRODUCTION

oal has been believed to be the major

energy source and feedstock of chemical

industry among fossil resources in the

coming century because of its abundant

reserves and easy availability. Because of

instability on world oil market , the

diversification of energy carriers is practically

implemented in many countries with

involvement of various nontraditional types of

organic raw materials, primarily, coal, whose

reserves are much greater than oil and gas

reserves. Mongolia is the country of lack of oil

source with relative rich in coal resource.

Mongolia has 20 billion tons of proven coal

reserves and estimated resources totalling 163

billion tons, mostly of them is low-rank brown

coal, but remain undeveloped due to a lack of

infrastructure. Such reserves include the huge

Tavan tolgoi deposit in the South Gobi, which

contains over 5 billion tons of high quality stone

and coking coal, but lies more than 400 km

from the nearest railway. There is a large brown

coal basin (Jurassic origin), which contains the

Baganuur, Ovdogkhudag, Aduunchuluun,

Tevshiin govi, Khoot, Tsaidam nuur and Shivee

ovoo deposits and this is located in the central

economic region of Mongolia [1 ]. The most

important features of these deposits are accessed

by opencast mining and coal can be transported

using the nearby railway. In Mongolia coal is

currently the main energy carrier for thermal

power plants and local boiler houses and there is

almost no other form of large-scale coal

utilization industry [2 ]. Now Mongolia exports

about 15 million tons raw coal by trucks from

the South gobi to China. However, coal samples

from the Tavan tolgoi deposit have been

assessed for benefication [3] and coke

production [4 ], samples from Baganuur,

Bayanteeg and Shivee ovoo deposits as fuel for

pyrolysis [5], hydrogenation[6] and gasification

[7,8]. Also samples from Ovdogkhudag and

Aduunchuluun deposits have been assessed for

their liquefaction potential using facilities in

Japan [9]. However, the coals of Khoot and

C


58-65

Investigation of Phenolic Compounds of Scabiosa comosa,

structure elucidation of cosmosine

D.Batsuren1, A.Tuvshintugs

1, B.Ganpurev

2, B.Sodbayar

2, B.Enkhjargal

1, J.Tunsag

1


2Health Sciences University of Mongolia


ABSTRACT: From the areal parts of Scabiosa comosa Fisch. has been isolated cosmosine. The structure was

confirmed by chemical and spectral analysis.

Keywords: Scabiosa comosa, flavonoid, cosmosine, phenolic compounds, diethyl ester of caffeic acid,

apigenin, apigenin-O-glycoside, NMR

INTRODUCTION

n traditional Mongolian medicine aerial

parts of Scabiosa comosa used for treatment

of diseases of urino-genital system and

kidney diseases.[1] From 88g ethylacetate

fraction of the aerial parts of Scabiosa comosa

isolated biologically active compound which

has yellow colour. This compound was

crystallized by chloroform-acetone mixture and

filtrated, after drying we obtained 5,9mg

compound (S-2) belonging to flavonoid group.

Compound S-2 separated by using of

chloroform-methanol (98:2) system as eluent.

This work is the continuation of previous work

[2,3] concerning to isolation of caffeic acid’s

diethyl ether and apigenin from Scabiosa

comosa. In papers [2,3] described this plant,

date of collection, methods for isolation of

compounds as well as chromatographical

methods. This paper contain material

concerning to isolation of S-2 (flavon

compound 7-O--D-glycopyranoside) and

structure elucidation by 1H,

13C NMR and two

dimensional spectral methods.

EXPERIMENTAL

For structure elucidation of compounds we used 1H,

13C NMR, DEPT, two dimensional (H-H-

2D COSY HSQC HMBC) spectral methods.

Spectra recorded on BRUKER 500MHz NMR

spectrometer. Solvent dimethyl sulfoxide

(DMSO) is used. Chemical shifts expressed

with ppm, spin-spin coupling – Hz, the quantity

of protons calculated by integral curve.

For structure elucidation of the compound S-2

we dissolved it in DMSO and recorded their 1H

NMR spectra (Pig.1).

According to 1H NMR spectra showed the

presence of two protons at chemical shift 7.96

ppm (2H, d, J=8Hz) and 6.93 ppm (2H, d,

J=8,5Hz), as well as two signals of aromatics

protons with J=8Hz. Thus, compound S-2 might

be included to flavones, 4’ position of C-cycle

substituted by functional groups. Because of

influence of substituted groups protons H-2’, H-

6’, H-3’, H-5’ transfer to magnitude equivalent

condition and detected signal of those two

proton. This is common properly of two

substituted aromatic protons and referred to

I


66-71

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=medical%20university%20of%20health%20sciences%20mongolia&source=web&cd=2&sqi=2&ved=0CDEQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.4icu.org%2Freviews%2F9516.htm&ei=21K0UKTqL4PGiwKQwoD4Bg&usg=AFQjCNFfKT0IJ1RWv_hdyMih5Sblb8y-xw&cad=rja

Phytochemical constituents on leaves of Mongolian

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)

G.Davaakhuu1, N.Tsevegsuren

1, Ts.Bulgan

2

1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM,

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2School of Technology MUST,

Darkhan, Mongolia

ABSTRACT: Sea buckthorn (H.rhamnoids L.), a member of the family Elaeagnaceae, is a deciduous spiny shrub or

small tree and widely distributed in cold regions of Mongolia such as Khangai, Mongol Daguur, Khovd, Mongol Altai,

Gobi Altai and Great Lakes regions. They are rich source of vitamins (especially vitamin C), sugars, organic acids and

bioactive compounds. We have conducted biochemical and phytochemical studies of leaves Mongolian Sea buckthorn varieties (Ayaganga, B-32, and Prevoskhodnaya). The contents of flavonoids and proteins in Mongolian sea buckthorn

leaves were ranged 0.29-0.35%, 16.43-19.50%. We conclude that leaves of Sea buckthorn growing in Mongolia contain

similar biologically active substances and vitamin C (110.8-154.3 mg%) like berries and might be serve as raw material

for producing of essential dietary products.

Keywords: Sea buckthorn, H.rhamnoids L., Elaeagnaceae

INTRODUCTION

ea buckthorn (H.rhamnoids L.), a member

of the family Elaeagnaceae, is a

deciduous spiny shrub or small tree

between 2-4 m high, hard, drought and usually

cold tolerant, useful for the land reclamation

and farmstead protection (Ligaa et al, 2005;

Camelia et al, 2008). Sea buckthorn (SBT) is

widely distributed in cold regions of Mongolia

such as Khangai, Mongol Daguur, Khovd,

Mongol Altai, Gobi Altai and Great Lakes

regions (Juuperelmaa, 2011). In Mongolia SBT

grows approximately 4000 hector area and

covers major part of the forest area in the region

and is being used as food and pharmaceutical

applications (Avdai, 2012).

All parts of Sea buckthorn are considered to be

rich source of a large number of bioactive

substances like flavonoids, carotenoids,

vitamins (C, E, K), tannins, phenols,

triterpenoids, glycerides, proteins, some

essential amino acids, minerals (Ca, Mg and K),

folic acid, free and esterified sterols and

isoprenols (Salenko et al, 1986; Uransanaa et al,

2003; Tiffany et al, 2005; Gupta et al., 2005; Zu

et al., 2006; Ranjith, 2009; Efterpi, 2012). The

plant has been used extensively in oriental

traditional system of medicine for treatment of

asthma, skin diseases, gastric ulcers and lung

disorders (Ligaa et al, 2005; Ranjith, 2009).

Besides the berries and seeds, leaves of Sea

buckthorn have also been reported as having

nutritional properties and have been used in

some countries to produce leaf extract, tea, tea

powder, animal feed, pharmaceuticals and

cosmetics (Tiffany et al, 2005; Suryakumar and

Gupta, 2011; Efterpi, 2012;). The phenolic

compounds found in the leaves have been

reported as useful antioxidants (Bandoniene et

al, 2000; Vaher and Koel, 2003). The

phytochemical information of Mongolian Sea

buckthorn leaves is scarce in the literature. In

this study were investigated in detail for

phytochemical composition and antioxidant

properties of Mongolian Sea buckthorn

varieties.

S


72-74

Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the traditional

Mongolian drug Garidi-5

E.Sugarjav1, B.Uuganbayar

1, G.Davaakhuu

2, Z.Oyun

1, P.Molor-Erdene

3,

Z.Ariunaa1, Ch.Chimedragchaa

1, S.Oldokh

3

1Traditional Medical Science, Technology and Production Corporation

2School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering,NUM, 3 Health Sciences University of Mongolia


ABSTRACT: Garidi-5, a traditional medicine composed of 5 herbs including Terminalia chebula Retz., Aconitum

Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L., Saussurea lappa L., and musk of Moschus moschiferus, has been used in

traditional Mongolian medicine as an analgesic and antibacterial medicine. Bioactive compounds of Garidi-5 were

determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. An antioxidant potential of the methanol extract of Garidi-5 was evaluated

by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Writhing was induced in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 % acetic acid solution (10 ml/kg). Water extract of Garidi-5 was given orally at concentrations of 20

mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Aspirin was used as a standard medicine (100 mg/kg). Gallic acid, α-azarone,

costunolide, alkaloids and testosterone were detected in Garidi-5. Methanol extract of Garidi-5 showed the highest

(95.11%) DPPH radical scavenging activity at concentration of 0.05 µg/ml. Moreover, Garidi-5 significantly reduced

the number of writhes induced by acetic acid in mice by 40.4-47.9% suggesting that it has peripheral antinociceptive

effect.

Keywords: Garidi-5, antioxidant, antinociceptive effect

INTRODUCTION

aridi-5 has been used in traditional

Mongolian medicine as an antibacterial

and analgesic agent for treatments of

various diseases including typhus, dyphteria,

joint conditions, neurological and skin

disorders. Garidi-5 is composed of 5 herbs

including Terminalia chebula Retz., Aconitum

Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L.,

Saussurea lappa L., and musk of Moschus

moschiferus [1,2]. As written in traditional

medical sourcebooks the compounds of Gairidi-

5 mainly balance humors, detoxify the body,

kill bacteria and relieve pain [2]. A variety of

bioactive substances have been detected in the

components of Garidi-5. Terfalvin B and gallic

acid have been found in Terminalia chebula

Retz. [3]. Diterpene alkaloids [4,5,6] and

polysaccharides have been isolated from the

root of Terminalia chebula. Saussurea lappa L.

is rich in sesquiterpenoid lactones and

terpenoids [7]. In the present study,

antioxidative and antinociceptive activities of

Garidi-5 were examined. Phytochemical

screening was also performed to determine the

presence of some bioactive components

including gallic acid, total alkaloids, α-azarone,

costunolide, and testosterone.

EXPERIMENTAL

Animals. Specific pathogen-free white mice

weighing 20-30 g were used for the study and

all were housed in a quiet room with 12 h

light/dark cycle. The study protocol was

approved by the Ethical Committee of the

Health Sciences University of Mongolia and the

care and handling of animals were in

accordance with the principles of the Helsinki

Declaration.

G


75-77

Preliminary results on characterization of various coal combustion products

from Mongolian thermal power stations and their application for preparation of

geopolymers

A.Minjigmaa, Ts.Zolzaya, B.Davaabal, U.Bayarzul, J.Temuujin


ABSTRACT: At present, over 90% of Mongolian electricity is produced by combined heat and thermal power stations.

The main coal deposits used for Central power system's power stations are Baganuur, Shivee-ovoo lignite type coal and

Shariin gol bituminous coal. In Mongolia almost 600,000 tonnes of coal combustion by-products are disposed of in

waste ponds. In this paper we report preliminary characterisation of Mongolian coal combustion by-products including

fly ashes sourced directly from thermal power stations and ash retrieved from ponds. It was determined that fly ashes

generated from Baganuur and Shivee-ovoo coal deposits are class C, while ash from Shariin gol coal is class F

(according the ASTM C618). All ash products were characterised by chemical, mineralogical, granulometrical,

porosity, FE-SEM and radiation methods. Fly ashes sourced directly from power stations were found to be more suitable for manufacture of geopolymers for building materials application.

Keywords: coal, coal combustion by-products, synthesis, geopolymers

INTRODUCTION

he most common usage of coal is

burning as a solid fuel to produce

electricity. It is estimated that around

40% of total electricity produced in the world is

generated by coal burning

(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal) and this is

likely not to be decreased by near future.

Approximately 10-30% of the original coal is

not consumed in the burning process and

remains as coal combustion by-products.

Generally, the chemical, mineralogical

composition and volume of the coal combustion

by-products are determined by the content and

composition of the inorganic constituent of the

original coal and design and operation of the

power station (Jha et al., 2008). Coal

combustion by-products also can be divided into

different types; namely bottom ash or boiler

slag, fly ash and flue gas desulphurisation

materials. In a review on fly ash utilisation

Ahmaruzzaman (2010) states that the world's

current annual production of coal ash is around

600 million tonnes of which fly ash is about 500

million tonnes. Ash products are usually

disposed of in landfill or in ash ponds, but with

such enormous volumes it is creating

environmental problems and becoming costly

overhead for coal fired power generation. Thus,

there is a strong incentive to find useful and

sustainable ways to utilise ash products (Wang

and Wu, 2006). Currently worldwide utilisation

is about 16% of total the total ash produced,

though it varies from country to country. For

instance, Japan utilises over 97% of coal ash

(http://www.jcoal.or.jp/coaltech_en/coalash/ash

01e.html) while in Australia over 40% of the

ash isutilised

(http://www.adaa.asn.au/documents/ADAA_Ms

hip_Report_2010.pdf). Recent reports have

indicated that Mongolia has total coal reserves

of over 150 billion tonnes located in more than

200 coal deposits within 12 coal basins

(http://www.mmre.energy.mn/branch/now/103/

detail/1004090003/). In Mongolia over 90% of

electricity is produced by coal fired power

stations. The maximum energy production of all

the power stations is 4,256 million kWh,

T


78-81

Protein and amino acid compositions in some

Mongolian wood-rotting fungi

Sh.Naranmandakh

School of Biology and Biotechnology, NUM


ABSTRACT: In this study the contents of total nitrogen, crude protein, easy extracted protein and the compositions of free and protein’s amino acids in five wood-rotting fungi, growing in Mongolia were analyzed. All those fungi are

medicinal and the medicinal use of them has a very long tradition in the Asian countries. Dried wood-rotting fungi

Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill. ex Fr.) and Inonotus obliquus (Pers. ex Fr.) contain very low crude protein (8.06% and

9.12%, respectively) in comparison with edible mushrooms. The protein content of the other 3 species Fomes

fomentarus (L. ex Fr.), Fomitopsis pinicola (Schwarts. ex Fr.) and Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull. ex Fr.) were range from

20.79 to 28.31% such as in most medicinal mushrooms. All investigated fungi are a good source of brain amino acids as

aspartic and glutamic acids. A high amount of essential free amino acids such as tryptophan, cysteine and methionine

was determined in all investigated wood-rotting fungi although some of them showed a low content of protein.

Keywords: medicinal fungi, nitrogen content, protein, essential amino acids

INTRODUCTION

ungi have influenced human affairs for

thousands of years, either as a direct food

source and in a food process, or as a

medicine. The nutritive and medicinal values of

mushrooms have been recognized all over the

world. Mushrooms and primarily

basidiomycetes contain a high amount of

proteins, essential amino acids, minerals,

vitamins and fibers (Chang, 1996). Some of

them produce substances having potential

medical effects, are called medicinal

mushrooms. Researchers suggested that they

use for treatment of certain types of cancer,

boost the immune system and reduce the risk of

coronary heart disease, because some of the

edible mushroom species possess

pharmacological properties (Kalac, 2009).

Mushrooms are low in calories, lack cholesterol

and virtually do not contain fat and sodium.

Selenium and niacin that play important role in

the immune system, thyroid system and the

male reproductive system and cancer prevention

are sufficiently contained in mushrooms

(Hobbs, 1995). Mushrooms are considered to be

a good source of digestible protein, with protein

content greater than most vegetables, but

somewhat less than meat and milk. The protein

content in mushrooms can vary between 10-

40% by dry mass. As well, mushrooms contain

all essential amino acids: however, hold limited

amounts of the sulphur-containing amino acids

such as cysteine and methionine (Breene, 1990).

In Mongolia many species of basidiomycetes

are growing, which are widely used in

traditional medicine. In Mongolian tradition a

wood-rotting basidiomycetes mainly used as a

tea. According on this reason we have chosen

wood-rotting fungi. Main biological active

compositions of medicinal fungi are proteins

and amino acids. But proteins and amino acid’s

composition of Mongolian medicinal fungi

have

never been investigated up to now.

The aim of the present study was to determine

the contents of proteins and composition of the

free and protein amino acids in five wood-

rotting fungi, growing in Mongolia.

F


82-86

Removal characteristics of arsenic by Fe-Mn layered

double hydroxide and double oxide

E.Otgonjargal1, Kitae Baek

2, Ts.Batjargal

3, Jung-Seok Yang

4


2Department of Environment Engineering,

Chonbuk National University, Republic of Korea 3 Ministry of Environmental and Green Development, Mongolia

4KIST-Gangneung Institute, Republic of Korea


ABSTRACT: In this study, Fe-Mn-CO3 layered double hydroxides (Fe-Mn LDHs) and Fe-Mn double oxide (Fe-Mn

DOs) were prepared by the co-precipitation methods to remove arsenite and arsenate. The physico-chemical

characteristics of adsorbents were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectrum, Fourier transform

infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The adsorption characteristics of arsenite and arsenate were

investigated in points of adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics usaing batch and column experiments.

The adsorption of As(III) onto Fe-Mn LDHs and Fe-Mn DOs were occurred five times faster than that of As(V), where

pseudo-second order model was well fitted with the experimental data compared to other kinetic models. The

adsorption capacity of arsenic from solution by Fe-Mn LDH and Fe-Mn DOs were more fitted to both the Langmuir

and Freundlich isotherms compared to Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption of arsenic onto the Fe-Mn LDH and Fe-Mn DOs increased with the decrease in pH because of more positive charge of

surface due to protonation.The results indicate that the Fe-Mn LDHs and Fe-Mn DOs are a novel and excellent

adsorbents for the removal of arsenic.

Keywords: Arsenite, Arsenate, Layered Double oxide, Double oxide, Adsorption

INTRODUCTION

rsenic (As) pollution in drinking or

surface water has become a worldwide

environmental issue and is a serious

threat to human health. In many countries,

numerous people have been made ill by arsenic-

contaminated groundwater. In 2006, the World

Health Organization (WHO) lowered the

standard for As in drinking water to 0.01 mg/L

[1]. In nature, As exists as the inorganic

oxyanionic forms As(V) and As(III): As(III) is

more toxic than As(V), and its removal is more

difficult [1]. A common choice to remove toxic

compounds from aqueous streams is the process

of adsorption. As(V) can be easily removed by

adsorption technology using adsorbents

including iron oxyhydroxide[2], activated

alumina, and steel-making slags [3]. However,

it is difficult to remove As(III) by adsorption

processes, and, therefore, As(III) requires

oxidation before adsorption.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are two-

dimensional nanostructured anionic clays found

in naturally occurring minerals. Generally,

LDHs contain divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent

metal cations and hydroxyl groups in octahedral

sheets, and oxyanions or water molecules are

imported into the interlayer region between the

sheets[4, 5]. Many research groups have

reported the potential of LDHs to remove

inorganic contaminants such as oxyanions and

mono-atomic anions from aqueous solutions by

the processes of adsorption and ion exchange.

Recently, great interests on Fe-Mn oxide have

been increasing for arsenic removal.

Chakravarty et al. [6] and Deschamps et al. [7]

A


87-97

Relationship between structure and thermodynamic

activity of carbon black

A.M.Amdur1, V.V.Pavlov

1, B.Purevsuren

2, L.Munkhtuul

1

1 Ural State Mining University, Yekaterinburg, Russia

2-Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, MAS, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

ABSTRACT: The role of carbon black is especially important in cokeless metallurgy. Carbon black can be isolated at

less hot zones (less than 720oC) in metallurgical ovens according to equation of Buduara: 2CO = C +CO2. The

particles of carbon black obtained by the reaction of Buduara are characterizing with complicated open-work structure

including globular amorphous parts and graphitized crystalline elements connected by crosspieses with size in

nanometric range ( from 0,1 µm to 3µm). The carbon black is characterizing with increased Gibbs’s energy and high kinetic activity because of its dispersed and amorphous structure.

Keywords: carbon, carbon black, reduction reaction, globular amorphous

INTRODUCTION arbon black is a more active reductor in metallurgical process in comparison with

other solid fuels. It can be isolated at less hot

zones (less than 720oC) in metallurgical ovens

according to equation of Buduara [1].

2CO = C +CO2 (1)

The role of carbon black is especially important in

cokeless metallurgy. The content of carbon in a

metalized pellets (briquette) should correspond to

the mark of smelting steel. It can be regulated by saturation of spongy iron carbon with carbon black,

being a product of methane decomposition in a

cooler zone of shaft furnace. The important advantage of carbon black in comparison with other

solid fuels consists in the fact that it is isolated or

formed from the gas phase and therefore does not contain ash and other admixtures of ordinary fuel.

Increased thermodynamic and kinetic activity of

carbon black is based on its high dispersion, highly

developed reaction surface and also by unstable internal structure of the atomic packing, often

having not crystalline but amorphous structure.

Let’s consider the increase of thermodynamic activity after dispersing. If there is a mole of the

substance with a volume V=M/d (M-molecular

weight, d-density) pound onto particles with radius

- r after which a new surface SV will be created, a

work A=σSV will be done, and the thermodynamic

potential (G) will be increased by the same value ΔG

o = A = σSV. If we accept that the particles have

spherical form, then specific surface S is equal to

their surface 4рr2,

divided onto the volume V=(

4рr3)/3, S = (4рr

2) / ( 4рr

3)/3 =3/r, then

ΔGo =A=σ S V = 3σM/dr (2)

The pressure P of steam, thermodynamic activity

and constant K of reaction equilibrium, in which

participate dispersed substance depends from the potential G

0 by exponent. Therefore increasing the

potential Go of liquid by the value (2) brings to

growth of the pressure P of steam and constant K in

exp (3 σM/d r RT) once in comparison with the value for weight of substances P0, K0:

P / P0= ехр(3σМ / d r RT); ( 3 ) К / К0 = ехр(3σМ / d r RT).

Therefore for example the pressure of water steam increases when the size of water drops decrease.

Lets to see a mist consists of nano-drops of water

with radius 1 nanometer. The tension of water σ =73

mJ/m2, molecular weight M = 18 10

-3 kg/mole,

density d=1000 kg/м3. So for such drops with radius

C


98-101

Some phytochemical constituents and bioactivity of water and

ethanolic extract of Rumex acetosella L.

D.Punsaldulam1, E.Munkhbat

2, D.Otgonsuren

2

1Institute of Botany, MAS,



ABSTRACT: Total flavonoids, anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannin’s contents were determined in water and

alcoholic extract in different parts of Rumex acetosella L. Antioxidant assays and brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay were

followed. Maximum amount of flavonoid (59.67±0.4 mg/g) determined in leaf’s ethanolic extract, the hydrolyzable

tannins - in root’s ethanolic extract (94.78±1.45 mg/g) and the anthocyanins (0.14%) in flower’s ethanolic extract.

Maximum correlation occurred between hydrolyzable tannins and reducing power or antioxidant capacity (p = 0.001,

R2 = 65.5% and 85.8%, p = 0.001, respectively). In preliminary result of brine shrimp assay, significant deaths of

nauplii were observed only in root extracts (LD50≈160µg/ml in ethanol and≈1000 µg/ml in water extract).

Keywords: flavonoids, anthocyanins, condensed tannins, brine shrimp assay

INTRODUCTION

umex are plants distributed widely in

Mongolia. Totally, 13 species are found.

Some of these species are used in

traditional medicine to treat several unhealthy

conditions (1). Rumex plants are reported to

contain anthraquinones, flavonoids (2,3),

naphthalenes (4), proanthocyanidins (5,6),

phloroglucinol (6). R. acetosa L. (2),

R.nepalensis L. (4) showed cytotoxic activity.

However, there is no enough scientific

information about phytochemicals and their

bioactivity of R.acetosella L. A medicinal plant

book said that this plant had purgative, diuretic,

antibacterial and wounds repairing activity (1).

Therefore, we aimed at investigating some

phenolics of R.acetosella L. and their

relationship with antioxidant capacity. Many

biological activities such as antioxidant activity

are attributed to plant phenolics. Also, possible

usage of polyphenolics as remedy for cancer

treatment is extensively studied recently. In this

study, brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was used

to assess possible cytotoxic effect. According

to J.B. Harborn (1998), this test was used to

reveal anticancer compound - taxol, which is

used in chemotherapy against cancer (7).

EXPERIMENTAL

Plant materials were collected in June, 2012 in

flowering stage from Batnorov sum, Dornod

province. After collection, plants were separated

into flower, leaf, stem and root and air dried at

room temperature. Extraction was done in three

different conditions: 1 hour in distilled water at

boiling water bath, 48 hours in distilled water

and in 70% ethanol. Phytochemicals and

bioactivity assays were conducted in these

extracts. Brine shrimp cyst was purchased from

local fish store and kept in dark, cool place. All

chemicals used were analytical grade.

Spectrophotometric determination of total

flavonoids. Quantitative determination of

flavonoids in water and ethanol extract of

different parts of plants were carried out using

aluminium chloride spectrophotometric method

described by Ruch with slight modifications

(8,9). In short, 200µl of previously prepared

plant extracted were mixed with same amount

of AlCl3 in ethanol and final volume was made

R


102-107

Synthesis and their photodynamic activity

of new photosensitizers for PDT

B.Bayarmaa1, Young Key Shim

2

1Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of MAS, Ulaanbaatar Mongolia,

2PDT Research Institute, School of Nano Systems Engineering,

Inje University, Gimhae, Republic of Korea


ABSTRACT: The main goal of this research is to synthesize new candidates of chlorin based photosensitizers and to

evaluate their the antitumor photodynamic effect. In this research we used A549 (human lung carcinoma cell). The

cytotoxic activity was measured by microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and morphological changes induced by PDT

were checked by microscopy. The cytotoxic effect of photosensitizers was shown to increase depending upon the

concentration of photosensitizers. New chlorin derivative photosensitizers were low toxic to tumor cells in the absence

of light, while there was remarkable tumor cell death after photodynamic therapy.

Keywords: photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer, tropolone, lung cancer cell

INTRODUCTION

hotodynamic therapy (PDT) is relatively

new method for the treatment of

cancerous and nonmalignant tumors

using a combination of visible or near-infrared

light and a ligth -activated drug, or

photosensitizer [1,2]. The photosensitizer is

activated by light to produce a cytotoxic

species, which in turn promotes the destruction

of the target tissue [3].

In the presence of molecular oxygen, the

photosensitizer elicits a photochemical reaction

resulting in the production of highly a reactive

species, particularly singlet oxygen [4], which is

toxic to the cells in which it is produced. The

behavior of the photosensitizer is thus

paramount to understanding, and improving, the

efficacy of the PDT-based treatments. Emphasis

in the development of new photosensitizers has

been placed primarily on the natural chlorins,

which differ markedly from symmetric

porphyrins, the former having substantially

stabilized S1-energies, strong Q-absorption

bands, and unique redox reactivities. Previous

reports [5] suggest that the placement of

particular substituents on the chlorin parent ring

may have a large influence on the

photosensiting properties of the compound

when used in PDT treatments.

Chlorin-based photosensitizers, with a variety of

substituents on the periphery of the parent ring,

have been synthesized and exhibit strong

absorption in the red visible region. This strong

absorption allows for deeper light penetration

and therefore higher efficiency for singlet

oxygen generation. In addition, the ease with

which these compounds can be chemically

modified allows tailoring of properties such as

aggregation and cellular uptake.

Modification of the β-position on the porphyrin

or chlorin ring increases the degree of cell

penetration and affords many advantageous

pharmacological properties. Seven-membered

cyclic compounds linked to a chlorin skeleton,

such as 2-hydroxy-2,4,6-cycloheptatriene-1-

one, also known as tropolone (TRN), may

exhibit several pharmacological advantages.

The chemical structure of tropolone has been

known since 1945, and contains aromatic

features [6]. Lung cancer are a frequent cause of

P


108-113

Synthesis and catalytic test of bimetallic Pd-Ag nanoparticle

prepared by the impregnation method

Sh.Nyamdelger1, G.Burmaa

1,Christian Weilach

2 and Karin F ttinger2


Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2Institute of Materials Chemistry,

Vienna University of Technology, Austria


ABSTRACT: We have synthesized mono and bimetallic catalysts (Pd,Ag, Pd-Ag, Ag-Pd) supported on γ-Al

2O

3 by

the sequential impregnation method. The bimetallic catalysts were prepared with a fixed Pd loading (4 wt.%) by

incipient impregnation of one metal precursor and calcination, followed by the impregnation of the second metal

precursor and a second calcinations step. Obtained materials were characterized by TEM, XRD and IRAS and

catalytic test measurements. The temperature programmed CO oxidation and IR results showed that the bimetallic

catalysts consisted of alloyed nanoparticles and indicated that the surface mainly consists of isolated Pd atoms in

a Ag matrix. The catalytic activity of the catalysts for hydrodechlorination of TCE was tested. For the pure Pd/γ-

Al2O

3 catalyst, the catalytic activity was observed in the hydrodechlorination reaction of TCE. The catalytic

performance of the bimetallic samples was poor under these conditions, but may be increased by changing the Pd/Ag

ratio or the H2/TCE ratio e.g. during reaction.

Keywords: nanoparticles; bimetallic catalysts; impregnation method; hydrodechlorination

INTRODUCTION

nvironmental pollution by

polychlorinated aromatic (PCA) and

aliphatic (PCAl) species is of great

concern today. Such compounds are distributed

widely throughout the world due to their diverse

use. Such compounds can be released into

water, soil and air from household or

industrial facilities. The options of their

disposal related to incineration, pyrolysis,

biological treatment and catalytic oxidation are

associated with drawbacks of high toxic

emissions such as dioxins, low rate of reaction

and high energy cost [Beteley, 2011]. The most

challenging method for recycling and

dechlorination of such compound is conversion

to ecologically friendly derivatives. On the other

hand, catalytic dechlorination and

hydrogenation are methods of choice for

detoxication and recycling of halogenorganic

waste [Gentsler,2008]. These are:

1. Hydrogenation leads to complete conversion

of original organic compound to its non

harmful derivative in mild condition

2. Selective reaction take place during

recycling allowing dechlorination of

chlorinated organic compounds of different

concentration.

3. During hydrogenation no secondary toxic

compounds (e.g. chlorine NOx, phosgene

and dioxin) will be produced

4. No energy needed during catalytic

convertion

For the establishment of method for

hydrogenation of chloroaromatic compounds,

an establishment of catalytic system fulfilling

condition for stable catalysator with high

activity is of utmost importance. Noble metals

are very active for the hydrodechlorination of

chlorine organic compounds producing fully

E


114-119

oe

Spectroscopic study and implications for biological reactive oxygen space

sensing of the inorganic DMSO/POCl3 reaction with BODIPY

N.Amgalan1, 2

, Taehong Jun2, Kang Mun Lee

2, HyuDavid G.Churchill

2

1Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and

Chemical Engineering, NUM, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 2Molecular Logic gate Laboratory, Department of Chemistry,

KAIST, Republic of Korea


ABSTRACT: The reaction of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) species with DMSO and POCl3 to afford the 2-

chloro,6-methylsulfido derivatives [1]. Systems underwent reaction to give the 4,4-difluoro-2-chloro-6-methylsulfido-8-

(C4H3X)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (Compounds 2a-2d). The species were characterized completely by NMR (1H, 13C) and X-ray diffraction.

Keywords: BODIPY; Sulfido; Sulfur oxidation; Fluorescence; DMSO.

INTRODUCTION asic fluorescent properties of fluorescent

probe are heavily dependent on the

fluorophore, that is selected as the main skeleton of the fluorescent probe.In our case, the

choice of difluoroboradiaza-s-indacenes, commonly

denoted boron-dipyrromethene dyes (F-

BODIPY)reflects the thinking that this class of compounds would act as a very efficient fluorescent

label and that the surrounding decoration might act

as the recognition sites for many different analytes. Furthermore, the optical properties can be tuned to

an incredible large extended by modifying the

pyrrole core,the central meso-position and the boron

substituents. BODIPY is a fluorescent probe for indexing lipid

peroxidation and antioxidant efficacy in model

membrane systems and living cells, with excellent characteristics; emission in the visible range of the

electromagnetic spectrum, with good spectral

separation of the monoxidized (595 nm) and oxidized (520 nm) forms [1].

Herein, we report the facile synthesis and properties

of a new BODIPY dye bearing a methylthioether

group. Compounds 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d have been previously reported by this research group [2].

Sulfide substitutions can become chemically

oxidized species and give rise to discrete valence

state increases; subsequent fluorescence or

colorimetric changes may ensure. The novel 4-difluoro-2-chloro-6-methylsulfido-1,3,5,7-8-phenyl-

4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene was synthesized with

DMSO/POCl3.

EXPERIMENTAL General Considerations. All chemicals used herein

were used as received from commercial suppliers

(Aldrich, Acros, and Junsei companies). The synthetic details for the preparation of the

dipyrromethanes and for the BODIPY systems

follow literature methods [2].1H and

13C NMR

spectra were acquired using a BrukerAvance 300 or 400 MHz spectrometer. TMS was used as an

internal standard. 1H and

13C NMR spectral signals

were calibrated internally by the respective protio impurity or carbon resonance of the CDCl3 (

1H

NMR: δ 7.24; 13

C NMR: δ 77.0) or CD2Cl2 solvent

(1H: δ 5.32, 13C: δ 53.8). C, H, N elemental

analyses were measured using a Vario EL III CHNS elemental analyzer. High resolution matrix-assisted

laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass

spectrometry was performed on a VG AUTOSPEC ULTIMA by the research support staff at KAIST.

This instrument possesses a tri sector double

focusing magnetic sector analyzer and was operated at a resolution of 80,000. To introduce the desired

B


120-122

Study of biological activity compounds in some

Mongolian medicinal plants

S.Bayaraa, J.Batkhuu, A.Bayanmunkh, L.Khurelbaatar

Drug research institute


ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to investigate biological activity compounds in Mongolian traditional medicinal plants, such as Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., Iris tenufolia Pall., Oxytropis pseudoglandulos and Ribes diacanthum Pall. We

were determined total flavonoid, total coumarin, tannin and saponin by method of Mongolian National Pharmacopeia

[1] and antibacterial activity by paper-disk method [2]. Content of biological activite compounds in plant raw material

were: 1.25-7.40% of total flavonoids, 2.06-4.13% of total coumarins, 2.13-6.30% of tannins and 2.80-4.71% saponins

in plants and 43.43-233.58 mg% of total flavonoids and 4.00-752.66 mg% of total coumarins in extracts of plants.

Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., Iris tenufolia Pall. and Oxytropis pseudoglandulos have antibacterial activity. But Ribes

diacanthum Pall. was not determine antibacterial acitivity.

Keywords: Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., Iris tenufolia Pall., Oxytropis pseudoglandulos, Ribes diacanthum Pall,

antibacterial acitivity

INTRODUCTION

he kidney diseases are increasing year by

year in our country. In traditional

medicine many plants used for treatment

of kidney diseases. The biological activity of

all compounds and antibacterial activity of the

extract of Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., root of Iris

tenufolia Pall., herb of Oxytropis

pseudoglandulos and Ribes diacanthum Pall

have been done. In literature, those plants are

rich in phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids

and phenoilic acids, which exhibit wide range of

biological effects including antioxidant and

antibacterial activity.

EXPERIMENTAL

Medicinal plants were harvested in 2011 from

Bogd-Kan Uul and Chingeltei Uul. We studied

leaves of Vaccinium Vitisidaea L., roots of Iris

tenufolia Pall., herb of Oxytropis

pseudoglandulos and herb of Ribes diacanthum

Pall. Anticbacterial activity of extracts was

evualuated by paper-disk method of Kirby –

Bauer [2]

.Total flavonoid, total coumarin, tannin

and saponin were determined by method of

Mongolian National Pharmacopeia, MNS

4163:2009, MNS 4166:1993 and MNS

4441:1997[1]

. Vaccinium Vitisidaea L. was

extracted with water (1:10), Ribes diacanthum

was extracted in water (1:5), Iris tenufolia and

Oxytropis pseudoglandulos were extracted with

ethanol 70%. (1:10). Extract of Iris tenufolilia,

Oxytropis pseudoglandulos was concentrated to

1g/ml, 0.5g/ml (respectively). Extracts of

Vaccinium Vitisidaea L. and Ribes diacanthum

were not concentrated.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Content of biological activity compounds in

plants are shown in Table1.

Table1. Content of biological activity

compounds in plant raw material

T


123-124

Study biological activity of alkaloid protopine

S.Javzan 1, Y.Jamyansan

1, R.I.Alexandrova

2, D.S.Bae

3 , Ch.W.Nho

4


Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 2Institute of Experimental Pathology and Parasitology,

BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria 3Department of Biology Education, College of Education,

Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 3 4Functional food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology,

Gangneung, Republic of Korea


ABSTRACT: Protopine is an isoquinoline alkaloid contained in plants in northeast Asia. In this study, we investigated

whether protopine derived from H. erectum L could suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory

responses in murine macrophages (Raw-264.7cells). Protopine was found to reduce nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-

2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) production by LPS-stimulated Raw-264.7 cells, without a cytotoxic effect. Pre-

treatment of Raw 264.7cells with protopine reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These inhibitory

effects were caused by blocking phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) and also

blocking activation of a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Also cytotoxic and

antiproliferative activities of the protopine on tumour (LSCC-SF-Ms29, LSR-SF-SR) and nontumour (L 929, MDBK)

cells were evaluated. The maximal nontoxic concentrations (MNC) as well as concentrations required to reduce cell

viability by 50% (CC50) at 24h and 48h were determined using the trypan blue dye exclusion test. Comparable CC50

(24h) data were obtained for protopine (25µM; 92 µM) and mytomycin C (24 µM≥30 µM) for LSCC-SF (Ms29) and

LSR-SF(SR) cells, respectively. In MNC the alkaloid decreased the proliferation of LSCC-SF-Ms29, MDBK and L929

by 58, 42, 19 and 21%, respectively. The alkaloid was much less toxic and cytostatic for cells from L929 and MDBK as

compared to cells from tumour lines. The compound inhibited the colony-forming ability of tumour cells in a dose

dependent manner. In doses ≥0.001 µM the protopine blcked the colony-forming capacity of normal murine-marrow

cells.

Keywords: Hypecoum erectum; protopine, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, inflammation activity

INTRODUCTION

ypecoum erectum L. belongs to the

family Hypecoaceae in which

belongs only one genus. The genus

Hypecoum is represented by three species in

Mongolian flora. H. erectum is widely spread in

Khentei, Khangai, Mongol Daurian, Middle

Khalkha, Mongolian Altai, East Mongolia and

East Gobi regions [1]. Russian scientist have

been found nine isoquinoline alkaloids from

H.erectum [2.3], but only protopine has been

isolated the same from species of Mongolian

origin [4]. We have been some alkaloids

(protopine, allocryptopine, oxyhydrastinine,

coridamine, hypecorine, hypecorinine,

berberine) from H.erectum grown in Mongolia,

5 of which named by us as 8-oxyhunnemanine,

8-oxyallocryptopine, tautomer of hyperectine,

8-oxyprotopine A, 8-oxyprotopine B, were

found to be as novel natural compounds.

Elucidation of the structures of 8-

oxyhunnemanine, 8-oxyallocryptopine, 8-

oxyprotopine C, 8-oxyprotopine D allowed us

to conclude about the existence of a new group

of naturally occurring 8-oxyprotopine alkaloids

[5]. In the traditional medicine of Tibet and

Mongolia the plant is named “bar ba da” and

has been used for many years due for as

H


125-133

Study on the washability of Baganuur coal

by using float sink test

A.Ariunaa1, G.Tsatsral

1, J.Narangerel

2, R.Erdenechimeg

1,

J.Dugarjav1, B.Purevsuren

1, S.Jargalmaa

1

1Institiute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology MAS,

2Mining Research Laboratory, MRAM

ABSTRACT: The wash ability of coal sample from seam number 4 of Baganuur deposit, which is located in Nyalga-

Choir basin, was studied. The proximate and ultimate analyses of the sample were done by standard methods. The

sample was crushed and pulverized in order to obtain 3 fractions with particle sizes of 3-1.5mm, 1.5-1.0mm and 1.0-

0.63mm. Heavy liquids were obtained by dissolving different amounts of ZnCl2 salt in water. The liquids having <1.3;

1.3-1.4; 1.4-1.5; 1.5-1.6; 1.6-1.7; 1.7-1.8 and >1.8g/cm3 densities were used for float sink test of the fractions. Float

sink test was done by using Russian standard GOST 4790-93. Results of the proximate and ultimate analyses showed

that the coal has Vdaf=47.0%, Ad=13.3%, Cdaf=70.53%. According to the coal classification, the coal belongs to the B2 class of brown coal. Yields and ash contents of the fraction with 3-1.5mm, 1.5-1.0mm particle size were 51.8 and 7.7%,

46.6% and 7.4% respectively, when for the separation was used heavy liquid with 1.4g/cm3 density. In general, it can be

concluded that the Baganuur coal belongs to the category of coals with very poor washability.

Keywords: ash, coal washability, float sink test

INTRODUCTION

oal is the most important mineral

resource of Mongolia. Total geological

resource of coal in the country has been

estimated approximately 163 billion tones and

the number can be increased in future.

Approximately half of this resource is low rank

coal or brown coals. Due to high moisture and

ash contents, low rank coals have a limited

application in the industrial use, especially in

gasification and liquefaction plants. Upgrading

of low rank coals is an important step for further

processing of coal.

Purpose of the research was to determine a

possibility to reduce ash content of Baganuur

coal through dense medium separation.

EXPERIMENTAL

Baganuur coal deposit, which belongs to the

Nyalga-Choir basin, is located at 110 km to the

south east from Ulaanbaatar in the Central

economic region of Mongolia. In 1988 Central

geological expedition (B.Chuluun and

L.Monkhtogoo) has estimated total geological

resource of the coal as 713 million tonnes [1,2].

Proximate analyses. Mongolian National

Standards (MNS) were used for proximate

analyses; moisture (MNS 655-72), ash (MNS

652-72), volatile matter (MNS 654-72),

calorific value (MNS 669-72), sulphur content

(MNS 656-72).

Ultimate analyses. Contents of C, H, N, O

elements of the sample were determined by

using CHN analyser of the Irkutsk Institute of

Chemistry, Russia.

Float sink test procedure. In laboratory

condition, coal washability is determined by

GOST 4790-93 standard. Fractions with particle

sizes of 3-1.5mm, 1.5-1.0mm and 1.0-0.63mm

were separated by float sink test procedure into

sub-fractions with densities having <1.3; 1.3-

1.4; 1.4-1.5; 1.5-1.6; 1.6-1.7; 1.7-1.8 and

>1.8g/cm3. Heavy liquids were obtained by

dissolving different amounts of ZnCl2 salt in

C


134-138

Study on biological activity of Hyoscyamus niger

L. grown in Mongolia

J.Irekhbayar1, G.Davaakhuu

1, S.Odontuya

2, Burm-Jong Lee

3

1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, NUM, Mongolia

2Central Geological Laboratory, Mongolia 3Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Inje University,

Obang-Dong, Gimhae, 621-749, South Korea


ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, hepatoprotective effects of the

aerial parts of Hyoscyamus niger L. grown in Mongolia. The ethanol crude extract of H.niger L. was suspended in

water and consequently fractionated with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butyl alcohol. All of the fractions were

examined for their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities by using DPPH and MTT assays, respectively. Hexane fraction

showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity at concentration of 50 µg/mL by 87.36% with the IC50 value of

18.16 µg/mL. MTT results showed that ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against A549 cell

line, with values of 90.47% at 48 h (50 µg /mL). The water fraction notably protected HepG2 cells against the

cytotoxicity of t-BHP than EGCG. H.niger L. is an important medicinal plant and reported to be used for the treatment

of various ailments.

Keywords: Hyoscyamus niger L., antioxidant, cytoxicity

INTRODUCTION

he genus Hyoscyamus belongs to the

family Solanaceae, which comprises a

group of some 50 species all over the

world. One of them (Hyoscyamus niger L.) is

distributed in Mongolia [1, 2]. It is used

extensively as a sedative and pain killer and is

specifically used for pain affecting the urinary

tract, especially when due to kidney stones. Its

sedative and antispasmodic effect makes it a

valuable treatment for the symptoms of

Parkinson's disease, relieving tremor and

rigidity during the early stages of the disease

[3]. The plant is used internally in the treatment

of asthma, whooping cough, motion sickness,

Meniere’s syndrome, tremor in senility or

paralysis and as a pre-operative medication [4].

H.niger L. reduces mucous secretions, as well

as saliva and other digestive juices. Externally,

it is used as an oil to relieve painful conditions

such as neuralgia, dental and rheumatic pains

[3, 4]. This is a very poisonous plant that should

be used with great caution, and only under the

supervision of a qualified practitioner [4, 5].

The seeds are used in Tibetan medicine, they

are said to have a bitter, acrid taste with a

neutral and poisonous potency. Anthelmintic,

antitumor and febrifuge, they are used in the

treatment of stomach/intestinal pain due to

worm infestation, toothache, inflammation of

the pulmonary region and tumours [4].

To the best of our knowledge, there are no

published reports on the biological activities of

the extracts of H.niger L. grown in Mongolia.

Therefore, the present study was conducted.

EXPERIMENTAL

Plant material. The aerial parts of H.niger L.

were gathered from Selenge aimag, Mongolia in

July, 2010. Similarly, soil was taken from the

same place. Voucher specimens have been dried

separately in room temperature.

T


139-142

Use of modifed zeolites for chromium removal from

tannery wastewater

D.Batgerel1, S.Erkhembayar

2, E.Anudari

1, G.Ariunzul

3

1School of Chemistry and Chemical Enjineering, NUM, 2 School of Civil Enjineering and Architecture, MUST,

3Energy Resources LLC


ABSTRACT: Adsorption of heavy metal ions specifically, Cu (II), Zn (II), As (V) and Cr (VI) from waste

water by modified zeolite was evaluated. The modified zeolite was synthesized previously by

dehydroxylation of low grade at 450°C and reacted hydrothermally with 2-4 M NaOH solution at 100°C for

2 h. The adsorption capacity decreased in the order Cu(II) > Zn(II) > As(V)>Cr(VI) ions. Almost complete adsorption was achieved for Cr(VI) was 91% and 52.3% at pH 7.0 and 8.4, respectively. The results also

showed that the grain size of the modified zeolite has a little effect on the adsorption capacity. The

experimental data was compared with two adsorption isotherms, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The experimental results showed a good agreement with the Langmuir plots .

Keywords: Chromium, Adsorption, Zeolite, Modification, Tannery Wastewater

INTRODUCTION

eolites are well known for their ion

exchange capacity. The role of zeolites

in the conversion of solid and liquid

Tannery wastes into environmentally acceptable

products has also been demonstrated. Modified

zeolites are useful because of their controlled

and known physico-chemical properties relative

to that for natural zeolites. The focus of the

present study was evaluation of the

effectiveness of the modified zeolites in their

NH4 forms for removal of chromium from water

over a wide range of pH. A similar reaction is

possible for adsorption of chromium onto

zeolites, where terminal aluminol or silanol

hydroxyl groups develop at the edges of the

zeolite particle.

EXPERIMENTAL

Adsorbent. Natural zeolite was provided by the

deposits of Tragabtsav and Urgun, Mongolia.

The zeolite was synthesized previously by

calcining of law grade for 4 h in air at 450°C

and reacted hydrothermally with 2-4 M NaOH

solution at 100°C for 2 h. The obtained gel was

filtered first, then washed till pH 10, afterwards,

the product was dried at 100°C for 24 h. The

produced zeolite is characterized as average

particle size of 1-5 mm.

Batch Adsorption Experiments. The pH values

of the solutions were adjusted from 1 to 11 with

0.5 M NaOH and 0.5 M HClO4 and measured

with a pH meter. The pH value of solution was

kept at a specific value during the experiments

using a pH controller. The liquid samples were

filtered after adsorption for metal ions analysis

by FEC.

Adsorption Capacity. The adsorbents (0.25 g)

were left in contact with 100 mL of each of Cr

solutions in the range of 50-5 mg L-1

with the

initial pH value of 10 for 30 min. The amount of

metal ions adsorption onto the zeolite can be

calculated by: Qe=(Ci-Ce)/S where, qe is the

metal ions adsorbed onto the zeolite (mg g-1

), Ci

Z


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Mongolian Journal of Chemistry

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