Monetary Circulation and the Abandonment of the Auxiliary Forts in Roman Dacia

7/27/2019 Monetary Circulation and the Abandonment of the Auxiliary Forts in Roman Dacia

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Monetarycirculation and he abandonment fthe auxiliary forts in RomanDaciaCristian Gazdac

Arcienl authorshavedifferent opinions about he momentwhen theprovinceof Daciawas abandoned y the Romanamry and administmtion. Eutropius (rx.8), Rutus Festus(Vll) and Iordanes(Rondna 217) speakabout a doublewith&awa1 of Ronan adminjstration iom Dacia dxdngthe reigns of Gallienus andAurelian; AureliusVictor (22-23) and OrosiusO{L22.7) consider hat Dacia was ost inthe reign of Ga ienus; inally, the Histaria Augusta aff,nl6that this p.ovince was lost by the Romansonly under therejgn of Aurelian (S.rr4 ritd Aureliani 39: seealso Iliesdtr971:425).The pur?oseof this paper is to presentthe numismaticevidence or sone of the auxiliary forts in the provinceofDacia in the secondhalf of rhe C3ff, ar about he momentwhen the abandoDment f rhis province is supposed o

The naterial lsed {br this paper s rhe isolatedcoin tudsiiom ihe sites of au{iliary siies of Dacia and turcomparison,Parmonia. or the method, have divided thehisrory of Rotian province of Dacia into ctuonologicaiperiodsand calculated he firdshe.iod and the percentageof this co-efEcient o allow comparisonswith other areas.Up to the early C3^, the chonological squences re nosteasily formulated n tems of the largth of imperial reigns(Reece1987:73). The Severan ynasty s divided nto twoperiods: the tust group contains he reiglrs of SeptimiusSeveruso MacdniB (193218); the secondncludesheperiod ftom Elagabal to Mariminl]s I Thra'r (218-238).I be e.grs f Co-diar l l ( )18-244)ndPh:l ip (244-2rq)are studied seFrately based on the monetary changeswhich took place n iheseperiods.The next chronologicalperiod, 249-253, s basedon the t}?e of conrmonly oundaolns, re. ant'rniniati and bronze ssuesof Viminaciumand PROVINCU DACU. The penod after TrcbonianusGallus/Aemilian was divided in two groups,253-268 and268-275, following the ancient authors and aboui theDoment when Dacia was abandond by rhe Ronanadministration. The following period, 275-284, ischaracterised y radiatesof slightly higher silver conient.Due to the stateofpublication and also becaushis paperis not focused on this period, the last ctuonologicalsequences avebeen caried out by the periods:284-305and 306-337. The last three ctuonological sequencesrepresent he period whar Dacia was lost to the Romanempirc followed by the partial r-conquest y ConstantineI ofthesouthemat ofDacia.A major problemfor dis subjectwas the stateof researchand the publication of the numismaticmaterial. Only forsome auxiliary forts has this category of material beenpublished but without strati$aphical context. Anotherdifficully for this approach s that in many cases, he fortswere onlypartially excavated.

The tust aspect evealedby drc graphicsofthe finds/periodmade for the auiliary fots is the cessationof the coin-finds for drc ssues ater than he reignofPhilip I (seeFigs.2-7). For some of the auxiliary lorts the coin finds stopevar earlier, eg. Razboieni- Crunidava,Antela, but thequantiiy of coins recovered s too small to allow anycedain conciusions (see Tab. 3-5). Also for the cornsissued n the laterperiods har reign ofPhilip I, except hefot of Drobeta, thore is no certain nformation that theywerc found on the site of the aciliffy forts and not in thecivilian settlement, eside he fort.The general trend of coin-finds/periodtor the auxiliaryfons in Dacia showsa strong deorease f coin-finds afterthe reign of Phiiip l, which rcaches he lowest value n theperiodof253-268 seeFiC.1). This co-ef6cientecordsslight increase or tlle next period, 268-275, followed byanother gmdnal deoease in 275-284 and 275-284. Thedecrease f coin-finds after 275 canbe explainedby thefact thatDacia n thispe.iodwas alreadya tenitory outsideof rlrc Roman empire wbne the inoease of coin-findsstartingwith the period of Constantine may be explainedby lhc issue fabu,roanruandDofl}e bro?e coinage swell as the re-conquest f the sourhempalt of the fornerprovinceofDacia duringhis reign.The markeddecreasen coin-tuds in the period 253-268may be explainedeither as: a deoeaseof coin production;or a ccssation fthe regularsupply o the au,.ri1iaryroops.To h3ve a clearer explanation for this siiuation, wecomparedhe numisnatic evidence tom the auxiliary fotsn Dacia with otber similar items. T]re comparativepercentage f coin finds/period tom Dacia (GazdacPbDthesis) and the au{iliary fofis shows a similar pattem {brthe fluctuationsof coin-findsbetween hese wo categodesGeeFig. 10, Tab.8) .A slightdiferencecar be observedfor theperiodafter hercign of Phjlip I, especially or 253-268, when the co-ef6cient ol auxiliary fots reoords astrongerdecrease han that of the pmvince. Accordingtothis graph t may be suggestedhat whole province couldhave sutrereda sfong diminution of coin supply. But thereason or the diminution of coin-finds n this period doesnot allow us to see f ir is a paticular plnomenon or thisprovince or is a genenl pattemfor the enpie, followingpossibly ow coinproduction.Going tudher, I have made compmativegmphsof somesettlementsajrd fieir auxiliary forts, Porolissum, GherlaandDrobeta seeFiss.8, 9, Tab. 8). In two of rhe cases,?orolissumand Gheda, he coin-finds recovered tom theterritory of the forts stoppedwith rhe issuesof Philip Iwhile later issues continue to be found in a very snal1quantiE on the cidlian part of th samesire (seeFig. 9,Tab. 9). For ourpuposs, he comparative mphofthe siteofDrcbeta is tbemost mportant.Untii ihe pe.iod253-268,

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the percentage fftlds/period olau.dliary fon is higher orslightly higher han th oneofthe finds recovered tom theteritory of the town of Drobetaj except for the reign ofPhilip I. Then, for the following periodsof 253-268 a.nd268-2'75, he co-efEcieni of the auxiliary folt records a&amatic decrease comparisonwith the coefficient oftheiown for which the period of 253-268 has a 'no|In l'deueas, ike in the caseof the prcvince of Dacia.At thesame ime for the nextperiod,268-275, both co-efficientsraise again,but the co-efiicient or the town recordsa hugevalue - lhe highestvalue of rhe e ire period of study -while tlnt of the au\iliary fort of Drobeta has just amedium value. tud, again, fof the pedod after drcabandonment f Dacia the teritory of the auxiliary fol!produces more coin-finds tlnn tle tou]1 of Drobetaprovmg thar the au{iliary fort was rcused by theinlabitants probablyas a follifred place.The reuseof thisfort under Conshltine as nilitary place is marked by thehuge ncreaseof rhc coin-findson its terriiory comparativewith the toun's coin-finds n the same eriod.For theauxiliary forts of Porolissumand cherla tbe ack olany coins ssuedafter rhe reien of Philip I may be a matterof chance.The caseofDrobeta suggestshat the auxiliaiygarison, if this was stil1ganisoned there,had a bad coinsupply n i]le period following thereign ofPhilip I.

Another possibiliO,to establish f the auxiliary forts ofDacia were facing a bad supply of coinag or it w?s ageneralphenomenonn ihe Romanempirc n theperiod of253-268 s by comparingwith ihe sihation of the arlxiliaryforts ftom neighbouring mvirces. For the moment,du othe state of publication, only numisnatic material &omardliary forts of?annonia was available or shrdy FMRU1999).The compamtivegraphicof thepercentase f coin-finds/period indicates that the intensity of coin-finds inDacia has a much higher value in the auxiljary forts ofDacia than those of Pannoniauntil the period of 249-253(see Fig. 11, Tab. 11). Startingwith this pe.iod ihecomparativerendsof the coin-finds for the auxiliary fortsin lhese two proinces foilows two opposite directiors.Tle co-efficient or Pannoniandicatesa huge ncrease ndan ascendingendency or the period of 249-275while thesameco-efficient recods a dnrnatic decrease, speciailyfor thperiodof253-268, for the arLxiliaryots ofDacia.ln conclusion,the pattem of coin-finds in the auxiliaryfofs of Dacia comparedwith ditrerent categoriesof sitesindicates hat the strong decrease f thc coins ssued n theperiod of 253-268 is a conrmonpaftem of the auxiliaryforts in Dacia. At this stageofrcsearclL t may be affirrnedthat if the auiliary fods of Dacia were not abandonedunder the reign of Gallienus, they were at least facing aserjousproblemofcoin supply n ihis period.

Tab. i - Tdtle ofcoin-finds &om Parclistuh, Micia,HoghizPOROIISSWT -Period D s Dp findY Totat

No No % % No9a-117 3 50 2 33.1 16.6 0.3 6117-138 3 60 2A I 20 0.2138-161 5 62.5 2 25 12.5 0.3 8161-180 3 't5 25 4.2180-192 I 50 50 0 . 1 2193-218 I E 94_7 5.2 0.1 t 9218-2J8 9 100 0.4 9238-244 100 0.1244-249 2 r00 0.4 2TOTAL 75 I 7.1 4 7.7 7.7 2

MICIA. D s Dp period TotalNo No No No No No9a-117 2 50 2 50 0.2 4117-138 2 100 0.09 2r3E-161 4 50 I 12,5 l 37.5 0.3 8161-180 2 25 50 t2_5 0.4 8180-192 I 33.3 2 66.6 0.2 3193-218 2(FJ 66.6 33.3 0 . i 32la:234 2 66.6 33.3 0 . 1 3234:214 100 0.1 1249-253 100 0.2 1TOTAL 8(2Dt 24.2 lE.l I 72,1 l l 33.3 2

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Cristid Gazdac: Monetary cimiation and the abando lne t afthe awiliary forts in Roman Dacid

HOGTI]ZPeriod D s N findV TotrlNo % No % No No No9E-ll7 2 100 0 . 1 2

117-138 100 0.04 1138-l6l 33.3 2 66.6 0 . 1 l161-180 I 100 0.05193-218 50 I 50 0.08 2218-238 2 66.6 I 33.3 0.1 3238-244 2 66.6 33.3 0_5 3244-249 I 100 Q.2 I275-2A4 100 0.1 I284-305 100 0.1 4306-337 3 100 0.09 3TOTAI, 7 29.1 3 12.5 25 1,1 7 29.7 24Tab. 2 - Tableofcoin-finds Aon Buciuni, IliqlaBUCITJMI D S Dp AndY Totat

No No No No % No No No98-117 11 r9 .7 l 0 l 4 l 5 21,.1 32 45 3.7 7l117-138 3(2nl 9.6 19.3 2 l9 61,.2 3.2 1.4 3l13E-l6l 1 2 31.2 9 25.7 14.2 25.7 1 . 5161-180 (1D) 40 6 49 6.6 2 13.3 0.7180-192 16.6 3 50 16.6 16.6 0.5193-274 27 96.4 3.5 1 . 1 2E214-Xa 2 1r8D) 100 27ua-244 5 11.4 2 28.5 1 . 1 7244-249 l 60 2 5TOTAI, E4 38.3 8 3.6 38 17.3 10.9 29.2 0.:l 219

Period D s Dp od Total% No No No % No 'vn No No98-ll7 10.3 I 2 20.6 l 1 I IJ .9 29 50

117-138 5 9.4 2 3.7 t 2 22.6 33 62.2 t.8r38-l6l 1(3p)

r7.9I

35_8 2 5.1 l 5 38.42.5

1.6 39l6l-180 57.1 I 14.2 14.2 1,4.2 0.3 7rE0-192 2 50 1 25 25 0.3193-274 22rl5D) 95.6 0.9zta-z3a l 3 72.2 4 22.2 5.5 0.9 1 823a-244 l(?) 50 3l2D) 50244-249 6 24 1 8 72 1TOTAL G5p) 9(3!) 521 26 80I 3

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Tab.3 - Tableofcoin-finds iom cherla, Cariae, ReztoieliGHERLAPeriod D s Dp IindY TofalNo No No No No % No98-117 22 70.9 3 9.6 t2,9 2

tr7-138 (1D) l 9 3 14.2 2 9.5 t 2 57. l 1 2Lr3E-l6l 7 53.8 I 7.6 7.6 30.7 0.5161-180 ,7 58.3 3 25 2 16.6 0.6180-192 I 100 0.08 1193-218 20 95.2 I 4.7 0.8 2l2ta-234 ( l D ) i00 0_7238:244 I 100 0.t I244-249 2nD) 25 6 75 1 . 6 ETOTAI (10D) 60.6 3( h ) 1 8 14,7 7 20 16.3 122

CERTIAE -ROir']TA D s Dp N findYdNo % No % No No No % No No % No98"117 1 20 20 3 60 0.2 5117-138 4 36.3 9 I 9 16.3 I t l138-161 l 42.8 14.2 1 14.2 2 28.5 0.3 7

161-180 2 66.6 I 33.3 0.1 l180-192 2 40 2 1 20 4.4 5193-218 '7a2!) 87.5 12.5 0.3 I218-238 9 90 10 l0na-244 2 66.6 31.3 0.5 3244-249 1 0 10 2 2Q 2 l 0284-.105 100 0.04 ITOTAL 47.2 3( iD) 7 t t .1 9 14.2 1 1.5 63

R{ZBOBllIID nndY Total

No No No98-117 r00 0.0i138"161 I 100 0.04l6l-180 2 100 0 . 1 2193-218 2 66_6 1 33.3 0.1 3218-238 100 0.05 ITOTAL 3 5

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Cristian Gazdac: Monetary circuldtion and the abandonnent ofthe auritiata Jbfis in Ronan Dacia

Tab.4 Table fcoiFfinds roncun dv, Ptuetunun,TibiscunCYMIDA uA- D S nndY TotalNo % No % N o98-117 2 100 0 , 1 2r17-138 I 100 0_04138-l6t 33.3 2 66.6 0.1 l193-218 100 0.04

2r8-238 50 I 50 0.1 2TOTAL 31.3 4 44.4 2 22,2 9PR,4ETOLIWTir{EEADIA

D s Dp NI

%9a-717 7.1 8 57.1117-138 2 16.6 3.3 58.38.3 8.3 0.5 t2r38i61 50 2 25 I 12 .5 12.5 0.3t6t-180 1 50 I 50 0.1 2180-192 50 50 0.1 2193-218 9 56.2, 6_2 6 31.5218-238 za 3.2 1 .5 31738-241 3 17.5 2 25 l 17 .5 t .3244-249 53.3 8.3 33.3 )_4 12249-753 I 16 .6 l 50 2 l l . l 1 .5253-268 I 13.3 z 66.6 4.2 .l264-215 100 0.5275t81 6 r00 0.6 6284-305 1 r00 0.04306,337 2A 100 0.6 204t(s 2A 22 t3 4.9 0.6 8 5,4 2 l 143 2 I J 37

TIBISC'1V . TIIPA D lindV TotalNo No98-117 3 100 0.1 3

117-138 l 100 0.1 3lt8-161 5 100 0.2193-218 100 0.04 I218-238 100 0.05 ITOTAL 1 2( iD) 100 l2

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CRISTab- 5- Table ofcoln-finds fiom Criste$ti,Boioga. 4rur2l4 Inltceni

D s N% No

93-117 50 50 0.1 2117-118 10 90.9 0.5 11138-161 r00 0.04161-180 100 0.052tat38 r 0 0 4.2 5234t44241-249 100 4.2264-275 1 0 0 IJ.2 2275-244 100 0.2 2284-_t05 2 100 0.09 7306-337 3 100 0 0 9 3'roTAl- 16.1 16.1 3 9,6 I r t J5,,1 5 16.7BOI,OGAPeriod D Dp findY Total

NU % No No No No9E-ll7 2 50 2 50 0.2 4r17-138 20 2 40 z 40 0.2138-161 2 2 40 i 20 0.2 5193-218 100 0.04 Izla-Ba r00 0.05 I244-219 1 0.2 ITOTAL 5 29.4 3 17.6 3 17.6 t7ARWELA - D s Dp findY Total

No % No % No % No % No % No98-117 2{ lD )

100 0 . i 2117-136 20 2 40 2 40 0.2 5136-161 25 i 2 50 0.1 4180-192 I t00 0.08 I193-218 3 75 25 0_l 4218-238 100 0.05 ITOTAL 7 41.1 23.5 I 5.8 4 23.5 I 5.8 t7

INLACENI D sNo % No117-138 1 50 50 0.09 2l6l-180 1 100 0.05193-218 3 100 0.1218-238 r00 0.05 IBA-241 100 0- l I244-249 100 0.2 ITOTAL 66.6 3 33.3 9

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Cristidn G@da.: Monetary circulation and the abandottment oJ he al.niliaty forts in Ronat Dacia

Tab.6 - Tatle ofcoin-finds liom Pojejda,R 'cri, DrcbetaPOJEJENA D s fin&/ TotalNo No No No No

117-138 1 100 0.04138-161 I 33.3 2 66.6 0.1 3r93-218 I 100 0.04218-238 I r00 0.05238-244 100 l6_6244-249 33.3 2 66.6 0.6249-253 100 0.7253-264 r00 0.06TOTAI, 3 20 20 8 1 6.6

RACAPJ D s fiDdV TotalNo No % No No No9a-117 2 66.6 I 33.3 0 . t 3117-:l3E 2 r00 0.09 2138-161 6 54.5 5 0.4 1 l161-180 1 t00 0.05793-217 5 71,.4 2 28.5 0.1 72ta-234 1 33.3 I 33.3 33.3 0_1 3234:244 100 0.1244:249 1 100 9.2 1249:253 I 100 Q.2 1TOTAL l4 46,6 I 3.3 I 3.3 t1 16.6 30

DROBETA - fortD s Dp N

98 tt7 2 33.3 2 13.3 2 l l . l 0.1117-138 ), 25 12.5 I 12.5138 i61 8.3 50 2 3 25 0.5 1,21 6 1 - 1 8 0 3 75 25 0.2180 192 50 50 0.1 2193 218 50 50 0.1 8218 238 5(p) t7 .8 23 32. t 1.4 2823 -244 . t 1 . 5 9241 1,49 4 6 2 l 0249 2.53 9 t 0 90.9 2.7 l 1253 268 100 4.2264 215 8 100 8215 - 244 100.284-105 2 l8 . t 9 8 r . 8 0.-5 l l306 - 337 132 100 l ]2TOTAI, rr (7pi 4.2 26 l0 34 l3 l . t 5 1,9 3t tt.9 141 51.2 3.4 760

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Lines 'r' ITab.7 - The site-finds ion the anxiliary foiis ofDada," "'* "f,l **"."';"'.'. -'-

niF&

ci*qdBoIq!

siginqE

ad Dheddxll ""- rorAli 6 2 o %

DF e eb'd ;;; d;;-- ?F{ rord

s g h F d ! 2 1

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Cristiat Gazdac: Monetary circularion and the abando nent aJthe alLtitiary fotxs in Ronan Dacia

l r

^ ehd frri dH:r. F rcrr

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Bqqhni

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Cristid Gzdac: Monetary circuldtian and lhe abandonnent aJ the atLritiary lorts in Roman Dacia

Tab. 8 -Compr.rative tables aE\iliary for - setlement in Dacia

PERIOD98-117117-138138-161r61-180r30-i92193-218218-2384A-44241-219249:2532*:264264"275306-337TOTAI

PERIOD98-11?117-138138-161161-130180-192193-218?18-23823a:244244-219253:264264-27527s-744284-30s306-337TOTAL

PERIOD98-117117-13a138,161r6i-180ta0-192193-213218-238234,214249:2s32$-264268-275215:241284-30s306'337TOTAL

u6t 9 5.83 . 124 4.85 1 . 2I 0.06l 0.1151 4r.06

37 1.939 1.834 t.42 1 t . \39 1.523 1.15 0.8l 3 2 .60.062 A.2I 0 . t| 0.046 0.1227 t : l . t

'1 0.38 0.3t2 0.53 0.12 0.1I 0.0416 0.8l0 1.6t4 2.81 t 2 124 t.650 ?.15 0.53 0.135 Lt201 19.64

80 4.273 3.?r 1 8 1.8'10 3.621 2.221t 8,4

POROLISSYM

Period coins70.2 69 59.2 84.7 45.3 220.4 1914.1 97.5 111.6 22.90.10.2lJ.2

GIIERLA

14.513,7r0.63.33ll.48.36,119,8tJ.70,30.7

DROBETA

1.5

0.5n.28,114.236.15.6

0.34.20.30.10.t0 . t

1 l . ll l . l3.725.914.83.714.8

No. Iindv Yotttdslcoins period period3r r .6 22 .92l | 14.313 0.5 7 .112 0.6 8.5r 0.08 1.121 0.8 11.4t4 t . l 10l 0 .1 1 ,48 r,6 22,9

No. finilY %findvcoin6 period pqiod6 0 .3 1 .78 0.3 1.112 0.5 2,94 0.2 l. l2 0.1 0.s8 0.3 r.728 r .4 8 ,39 1 .5 8 .9ta 2 11.912 :l 1?,84 0.2 1.18 1.6 9.5'1 0.7 4.10.5 2.9132 1.2 2526t 16.8

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Lines WIII

DACIA}ERIOD

PERIOD

98r171t?-l3a138-161161'180r80-192193-?18218-2388A-U4241-249249-2s3253-268264-275x75-74428,1-305306-33?TOTAL

117-138138-161161180180-192193-218218-238234-244i44:249219-253253-264264-27s215-244244-305306-337TOTAI-

38.135.222.71 1 . 834.5

80.442.29 .913.12 . 112.6430.1

12.19.28.23.92.8'19.57.50.62.420.95

8.88.12.7Ir0.9ta.6

30,6

12.49,78.6

l07.913.46.32.10.95.2

No.7257t8 l l432r42864836282402169925 73926115

DACU23119419075341 1 61908t24917I 8201571167

No, finds/ %findvcoiN period priod

190 8.2 8,6t5 3.9 1.1

23t 12.1t94 9.234 2.8t16 1190 9.525 6.2I 0.6

159 l 347 7.452 10.452 t3234 15.6234 33.4132 14.6144 6.8

2194 152.3

12,19,7

7,3t 07.918.3t7 2_1 ,t,51 8 220 0.9 0.9t57 i 5,21468 94,7

Cohpatulite table ofthe awiliaryfofts coih-ftds Itotu Da.ia and Pannonia

83 3.9i06 4.680 4.223 1.9

2,632.71.21.92.95.16.8

10.227_9

16,1

Tab. 9 - Tablesof coin-fnds Som he auxiliary forts in Pannonia

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Crinni Ca-da, : Monetoyir, "lanun and lhe abdidonaeal aJ he aL"iliaryJo' $ in Ronan Dacio

WWS SALINA .PERIOI} D TOTAI-v, No98-r17 50 50117-138 2 t00138-r6r 66.6 ) tl.3 0.2t6t-180 t00193-218 t00 0.04218-238 i00 0.0523a-244 100 0.3TO'I'AI 44.6 3 20 3 20 l5

INTERCI&4 D?ERIOD D s N TOTAI98-117 2 25 2 25 12.5 l 31.5 0.4 3117-138 tl.-l 2 8.1 l 2 r6.6 0.5 t213al6l '1 33.3 6 28.5 1 9 l 14.2 0.9 2 l161-180 3 30 l0 0.5 10180-192 2, 22.2. n . l 1 1 . 1 1 1. I 0_7 9193-218 l 8 85.t 9.5 0.8 2l2ta:238 22 81.4 1 l . l t .3 212_]8-244 2a_5 42.8 21.4 2.3244-219 2 t 8 . I 8 1 2.2 11219:253 38.4 61.5 3.2 13!sl-268 100 100 6.6 100264-215 '72 100 10..1215-244 50 100 5.5 50l 0 21 z1 72.9 t . 7 3730G337 170 i00 170TOTAI- 59 to.2 12.4 1.2 l5 0,5 34.2 6

PERIOD D od N TOTAI,NU No98-117 1 33.-l 2 66 .6 3117-138 50 50 0.09 2161-180 1 50 50 0.1 2180-192 0.08193-2\a 0021S-238 3 00 0.1 3238-14,1 0.1214-249 00 0.2249-253 00 0_22$:Z6a 00214-24428.r-J05 13.3 0.1306-337 t00 4.2 9TOTAI- 3,4 I 3.4 1 3.4 6.8 t0 13

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AD MTaRES A.cEPERTOD D s N TOTAI,93-117 2 66.6 1 33_3 0.1 3117-rl8 14.2 2 28.5 51_l 0..1138-161 3 42.8 2 28.5 8 5 7 , l161-130 14.2 l 42.8 2 28.5 3 42.4t80-192 2 100 0.1 2193-218 90 10 04 10.218-.238 80 I 10 l 0 0.5 t023a:241 3 25 0.6214:249 2A2,19-253 t0 80 t_2253-264 8 100 0 5z6a:275 l 3 r00 1.8 t3275-244 100 0.523!t-305 l 33.3 c6.6306-337 53 r00 t_JTOTAI 13 30 20 13 1.1 59 154

Iines Xln

Tab. l0 - The sit-fDds tom the auxiliN folts of Pmonia

solvA-PERIOD D s DD N TOTAI-No98-117 14.5 6 10.9 14 25.426 11.2 1 1.8117-138 11.3 18.8 5 26 5 2.5 53133-161 t2 20.6 27.5 6 10.31 2 20.6 t .1 n i8 .9 2.5 53l6l-180 15.5 l 5 31.3 9 2A rJ. l 8 t7.7 2.3 45180-192 37.5 I 12.5 t2.5 l 31.5 0 .5193-218 27 3 1 . 8 5 t 5 . l 1.32 l.lt18-tl8 24 t5 2_5 2,234-244 l l l 0 29 28. i 22 68.7 3 .1249:253 9 30 l 8 60 3.3 22$:264 123 100 8.2 123264-215 l 4 l 100 20.1 l4 l275-244 65 100 '1.2 65284-30s l 5 1 1 73 82.9 88306-Jl7 r00 I5 .9 195TOTAL 88 6,8 373 28.8 1 13 9,1 38 2 0.1 568 43.9 1 .9 t29l

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Cristian G@dac: Monetdry cilculation and the abandanne t of the alLtiliarv fotls in Romm Dacia

PERIOD98n1?1l?-138138-161t6t-ta0ta0-192r93-2lA218-238234-244244-219a9:2s3253:264264-275275-284?84-305306-33?TOTAI-

s Dl !5 dd &3oq ldod

Tab- I I - Conpdative tableofthe auxiliary forts coitr-fnds ftom Dacia dd Pmnoria

231 12.1t94 9.2r90 4.275 3.931 2.8t16 1190 9.s81 1749 0.611 2.41 8 220 0.9t57 5

3.9

4.21 , 93

4.57.810.4t 3

t5.633_414_66.824.6152.3

12.a9.7

l01.918,,16.3

2.10,9

8310680239 l5252234234132

2t94

2,63

2.71.21.9

6.8ttJ.221,99.5

16,1

'751


17/21

Li esXY I

Denomination bbreviations:Ant = AntonininusD = DenariusDp = DupondiusN =N nnusS = Sesteftiwprov. issues = provincial ssuesinid. denom. = uidertified denomination

BibliographyGazdac PID thesisMouetarycirculation in theprovinceoJDacid it theperiod rom Trajanto Constunne(,4, 106-3J4- (OxfordUniversity).FMRU 1999passimrie Fundniiuen der rdlnkchen Zeit

in Unsarn 1990-t999, Band. -nI. @eI1:]:').Iliescu Vl. 1971Pnresirca Daciei ln lumina izvoarelorliterue, Studii si Cerctlri de Isrode Veche si.Arheologie 22. 3 4.25442.Reece R 1987Coinage n Ranan Bitain. (l don).

752


18/21

201 51 050

PTXOTISSZ,|/ - arxiliary folt Ponit

Cristian Gazdac: Monetar), circulation and the abdndonment afthe a1.niliaryforts itlRona Da.ia

Fig. I - Coin-findYperiod n iheauxiliary forls Aom Dacia.

238-244

MICIA -YETEL

0.80.60.40.20

fEi'dsr o;fiod l

117-138-16i r 80-138 161 180 192 98- 117-138-161-180-117 138 161 180 192 193- 21A- 23a- 249-214 234 244 253

0.50.40.30.20.'l08_117HOCHIZ

193- 218-218 238 244-249PERIOD

$i 0.1 O.OS.08 0.1 0.1 0.09 Fig. 2 - Cralhics offinds/ period n thea\t\i1iary ons at Pol.listun, MciaHoghiz..1 0.049&1 1 7 '117-13813& 161-193 21&161 180 218 238 * 24+ 27' 306-244 249 2U 337PERIODBUCIUMI ILI$UA3210

1.5 0.7 0.598- 117- 138- 161, 180-117 138 161 1AA 192 193- 214- 234- 244-218 238 244 249

PERIOD

o B o z

193- 218- 238- 244-214 234 244 249PERIOD

6532I0

0_998-'117 '117- 134-138 161 234 244-244 249

PERIOD

0.3 0.9193- 21A21A 23a1 6 1 -180 180-'192

GHERLA2 1 r . a1.51

0.50

10 . 5 0 6

98- 117- 138- 161-117 ' i38 161 180

0.08 Fig. 3 - Gratlics offinds/ period n theauiliary forls ot Bncluni, Ili9u4 Ch a180-192

'753


19/21

Lines WIII

C'RTLA -E ROMITA3210

0.5

138 138-161 1 6 1 -'180

4.4180-'192 193-214

0.150.1

0.050

0.3 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.04218- 23U234 244 244 2e4-249 305

PERIOD

RAZBOIENI

98-117

0.298-1 1 7 138-161 161-180 193.214 21V234

PERIOD

0.150.1

0.050 98-117 117-138 138-161

PMETORIVM - ir{EHADIA

cwrrDAuA -RI6NOY

CRISTESTI0,5

Fis. 4 - C{aphicsof finds/ sliod in tho audiaryfotts ot Certide,P.izbalenl, Cutuidan193,218 218-238

PERIOD

0.10 98- 117-'117 134

BOLOGA

0,40.3o 2 Io . r

0.250.20.150.10.050

O.O40.05138 161161 180

0.2 0.2 0.20.09 0.09

21A- 23A- 244 26A 275- 284- 306-23A 244 249 275 2A4 305 337PERIOD

Fig. 5 - Graphicsoffndv leriod in thsanxiliary fons of: P/aetolun, Criste$ti,Bologa.

117-138 13&161 19XZa ZanA 24+249PERIOD

9A-117

754


20/21

Cristiatl Gdzdac: Manetary circuldtion and the abandonnent of the auxilkty farts it1 Ronan Dacia

0.3o.20.1

0

,4nr?8r.4- c,{LrM,{NE$Tr INL,{CENI

98- 117- 138- 193- 218-117 134 161 218 238

GHERLA

98-117

0,30,20,'l

0

0.50.40.30.20.t0

POJEJENA

117-138 139161 19?218 2t&238PERIOD

0.06

r e.6 - CFph:(. oI5nd. leriod in rhedu li"ry foli ol] ,a/r/./a. b rceni. Bologa.9A-117 117-138 193-21A 21a 23A 23A-244 24+249PERIOD

RACARI

0.80.60.40.20 0.04 0.050.6.6

0.04117- 134-138 161 238- 244- 249-244 249 253193-214 218-23A 253-264

PERIOD218- 23a 244 251238 244 249 253PERIOD

Flg. 7 - Graphicsoffinds/ period n the auiliaryforts of: Pojejens,R{cari, ,/,rera

PERIOD

POROLISS'M

\ 4 . ; . c r : . i r - - , - , , , ^ t . i . d+:; \+- r 'di \d.' j{ " .1, .};".f,',*.-".i' ,f '

F'9.8 - Cor ler . \c gd! | , i . aui l is^ tu-*er le.- l

DROBETA - a\)xiliarJ fon

755

(% of finds/ !eriod): Pdlo1irsu, Gherla .


21/21

lsi.*._lIa au).iliaryort I

98- 117- f38-161- 80- 193-21A-23A-244- 249-253-26A-275-2A4-306-117 134 161 180 192 218 23A 244 249 253 26a 275 284 305 337

Fig. i 0 - Conparativegnphic of tle coin-finds fromDacia dd its auiliary forts

40 % finds/351 period

Lines Xm

DRORETA

3025201 5l 050 Fig. 9 - Corntamtive graphic auxiliary

fort{eiuement (% of findv !eriod):

0

201 81 6

1 086

20

MDACIAI auiliarv forts

Fig. 1 - Compdativegcphic ofthe coitr-firds fiom auiliary forts in Dacia dd Pmonia

Monetary Circulation and the Abandonment of the Auxiliary Forts in Roman Dacia

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Transcript of Monetary Circulation and the Abandonment of the Auxiliary Forts in Roman Dacia