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MoM's ridiculously complex math-typing tutorial

Lesson 1 Starting and ending the Typingmode

mouse-click anywhere at

emptyarea...

...the blue blinking cursor

appears and themouse pointer re-shapes.

Note: The Typing mode will also start if you click at any insertion point inside any existing equation. Thatway you start editing this particular equation.

Lesson 2 Typing numbers

Do not separate thousants, millions... write the number all compact 64371

Use the dot as the decimal separator 64371.37

If you insist to use comma as the decimal separator, check the following menu option: Options Keyboard Allow commaas decimal separator 64371,37

left-mouse-click

right-mouse-click

(or the Esc key)

Keyboard typing lessons forMath-o-mir v1.91

a +b + c = 2d

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Lesson 3 Typing variables

a + bc

Single-letter variables, you just type

To generate Greek symbols, you should quickly stroke letters twice

aa + bbGG + To entermulti-letter variables, start themwith the apostrophe key

'size sizeanymath operator or

the Spacebar or the Enter key

Lesson 4 Typing Parentheses

hit the '(' or '[ ' or '{' or '| ' to create parentheses

after you filled the content, hit the Enter key, or ')', '] ', '} ' keys, to exit parentheses

Note: If you are mostly using themulti-letter variables, you can turn on the General Variable Mode. In thismode you don't have to use the apostrophe symbol to enter multi-letter variables, but unfortunately, you thenmust use the spacebar key to separate two variables (invisible times) if you placedno other explicit operator between them.

If you decide to use the General Variable Mode, stick to it. Jumpingalways from simple to general mode is too confusing.

To turn on the General Variable Mode, check: Options Keyboard General Variable Mode

Note: Create double bar parentheses by stroking the '|' key twice:

In fact, you can also type the following sequences to create various parentheses: ( ] , [ ) , , < ] , [ > , | >

Note: The "single-finger-shift" feature is an alternativeway to type uppercase letters and some other characters that are normally typedwith the shift key: just press a key and keep it pressed for about 0.5 seconds - the character will convert into its shifted variant.

This feature is usefulwhen you need to place an uppercase letter into indexor into exponent because you can use two-keycombinatons (say, Alt+x, held for 0.5s) instead of three-key combinations ( say, Alt+Shift+x).

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Lesson 5 Typingmathematical operators and symbols

Some symbols are generated by hitting an appropriate key on your keyboard

However, hitting the @ and keys will generate alternative symbols

@ generates

Arrows can be produced by ALT+arrow_key (hit the arrowkey twice to create double arrows)

< > = + / , ; : ? % !

Youcan also use following two-stroke or three-stroke sequences:

= /= >> =

+- -+ := := =: =: ... *** =

to create

to create

to create

to create

to create

to create

to create

to create

to create

to create

to create

Finally, using the Ctrl+X you can generate the multyplying cross:

Note: There are symbols that you cannot type any otherway than by defining a toolbox accelerator or by casting a command. Check Lesson #11 to learn about commands.

to create

generates

-> +> => \# # \@ @ \* \{

to create

to create

to create

to create

to create

to create

to create to create

to create

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Lesson 6 Typing indexes

press and hold the spacebar key type the index (still holding the spacebar key) release the spacebar key

ak

hit the underline key '_' type the index hit anymath operator (+, - , /, ,... ) or the Spacebar key or the Enter key to resume typing on themain line

ak

Lesson 7 Typing exponents

hit the 'hat' key (^) or the double-quotation key (") type the exponent hit the Enter key to resume typing on themain line.

2y +1

zR

Lesson 7b Typing exponents of base e

type the letter 'e', then hit the period key

ee.

Note: if you use the General Variable Mode, then entering operators into index will be allowed and the onlyway to resume from index-typing would be by using the Enter key.

General way - using Underline

Fast way - using Spacebar

General way - using ^ or using "

Fast way - using ALT

press and hold the ALTkey type the exponent (still holding the ALT key) release the ALT key

2R

That's the latching method.

That's the non-latching

method.

Advanced: When you use the ALTkey to type intoexponent, then any hit to the = key, will surprisingly gene- rate the + operator. Thisway you don't need to reach for the Shift key to type the + operator on some keyboards.

Note: to enter an uppercase letter into variable index, instead of using unhandy Spacebar+Shift+Letter combinaton, you can hold down the Spacebar+Letter combination for about 0.5 seconds and the uppercase letter will be produced..

Note: to enter an uppercase letter into variable exponent, instead of using unhandy Alt+Shift+Letter combinaton, you can hold down the Alt+Letter combination for about 0.5 seconds and the uppercase letter will be produced..

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Lesson 9 Typing fractions

First youmust enter the fraction line by stroking the slash key '/ ' twice:

Once you finished with the numerator, hit the Enter key to move the cursor into the denominator

+ 2

Finally, hit the Enter key to resume at themain line

Lesson 8 Typing functions

f fthe dot key

s in the dot key sin

type the backslash '\ ' key to start the command entry type the function name hit the Enter key, or Spacebar key , or the '(' key

\ress the Spacebar ress

\ress the '(' key ress

Note: If you use the General Variable Mode, you will be able to use the conversion method even for function names unknown to Math-o-mir.

type the function name hit the dot key '.' to convert the name into function

//

This is the command-casting

method. See lesson#11

This is the conversionmethod,

aka the "mightydot"method.

Seelessons#7b, #12 and #13.

Note: Once you create a function, the cursor is moved into its argument box. If you now immediately hit the Enter key, the argument boxwill be deleted. This is howyou create functions without an argument box.

or the Enter

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Lesson 11 Casting commands

start with the backslashkey ' \ ' type the commandname hit the Enter key or Spacebar key or anymath-symbol key to execute it

\aleph spacebar

There are commands that will create symbols (examples: \infty, \aleph, \bullet, \oplus, ...)

there are commands that will change text properties (examples: \red, \blue, \big, \small, \bbig, \h1)

All Greek symbols can also be created (examples: \gamma, \Gamma, \epsilon, \ep) Somemorecomplex objects can be inserted (examples: \sqrt , \sum, \int, \oiint)

units of measurement can be inserted - this is case-sensitive. (examples: \kg \GW \ft \mps)

kg GW ft m/s

any 'unknown' command that youmayenter will be converted into a function (see lesson #8)

red blue big small bbig h1

Lesson 10 Typing simple fractions

Youcan start by typing the numerator

1

1

Note: It is possible to putmore than one element into the numerator. Just type all the elements that make the numerator, and then hit the # key (or ` key) asmany times as there are elements. For every # hit, a single element will be sucked in.

Type the # key (or the graveaccent ` key) to put the fraction bar

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Lesson 12 Typing differentials

hit 'd' key , and then hit the dot '.' key

d dthe dot key

type 'par', and then hit the dot '.' key

par the dot key

\d the spacebar d

type \d or \par command and then hit the Spacebar (or Enter) key

\par the spacebar you can also use \dx , \dy , \dz , \dt commands to gain some speed

\dx the spacebar d x

you can also usemore complex \dd , \ddx , \ddy , \ddz , \ddt , \parpar commands

\ddx the spacebard

d x

\parpar the spacebar

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Lesson 13 Typing Summation, Product and Integral signs

Lesson 14 Typing a plain text

\sum the spacebar

cast a command ( \sum , \prod , \int , \iint , \iiint , \oint , \oiint or \oiiint )

if you immediately hit the underline '_' key, the cursorwill move into the lower-limit box

the underline

Start a newbox (see Lesson #1). While the box is still entirely emptyhit the spacebar key - this activates the text-typingmode

spacebar

When text-typingmode is active, the cursorwill be of green color

\sum

Advanced way to put the cursor

into the lower limit box :\sum spacebar hit

and held any letter (say 'n')

n

release the space- bar now and continue typing

Note: When typing a plain text, the Enter key will normallywrap the text line

the dot keys u m

There are two quickways, sum. and int. to create summation and integration signs

the dot key

i n t

Note: the signwill be generated without limit boxes, but you can generate them if you hit the underline key immediately.

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Lesson 15 Mixingmath and text

Youcan anytime toggle between text-typingmode and math-typingmode by using ALT+Spacebar combination.

2x +1; 2x +1; where

2x +1; where x

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Lesson 17 Creatingmatrices and tables

Hit the Shift+Tab to add columns

a Shift+Tab a

Hit the Shift+Enter to add rows

a bShift+Enter a b

Youcan use Enter key to move to the next cell

a b

c

Enter a b

c

Lesson 18 Using accelerators

Right mouse-click on any toolbox item - a popupmenuwill open Chooseany accelerator you like

Use the accelerator when you are typing your equations

Note - there are three types of accelerators :

CTRL+ accelerators - these can be used evenwithhand-drawings

double-strokeaccelerators - these are timed, double-stroke them quickly

Easycast accelerators - these enable you to define "any" key-sequence you like

Note: If you define certain dobule-stroke accelerators, you will not be able to type certain Greek letters easily (see lesson#3). Therefore you will have to use commands to cast Greek letters (see lesson#11).

Danijel Gorupec, 2015

all help reserved

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keystroke command keystroke command keystroke command keystroke command

\cdot \approx -> Alt+right \to \subset +- \aleph Alt+left \supset

-+ \emptyset Alt+up \subseteq @ \infty \* \ast Alt+down \supseteq> >> Ctrl+X \times Alt+left (x2) TT \perp /= \neq BB \bullet Alt+up (x2) \propto = \geq \oplus +> Alt+right (x3) \mapsto @ \@:= := \otimes \elm = \cong=: =: UU \cup \owns = \equiv ... \cap \notin OO \circ Tab \space \sim EE \exists \deg

*** = \doteq AA \forall \therefore| MM \mid \setminus %% \because

keystroke command keystroke command keystroke command

aa \alpha\Alpha ii \iota\Iota rr \rho\Rho bb, BB \beta\Beta jj, JJ \varphi\Varphi ss, SS \sigma\Sigma cc \chi\Chi kk \kappa\Kappa tt \tau\Tau dd, DD \delta\Delta ll, LL \lambda\Lambda uu \upsilon\Upsilon ee \epsilon\Epsilon mm \rho\Rho ww,WW \omega\Omega ff, FF \phi\Phi nn \sigma\Sigma xx, XX \xi \Xi gg, GG \gamma\Gamma pp, PP \tau\Tau yy, YY \psi\Psi hh \eta\Eta qq, QQ \upsilon\Upsilon zz \zeta\Zeta

keystrokes command

parentheses: , , , (, [, {, |

fraction: // (slash twice) \frac

fraction (simple numerator): # (or `)

exponent (the latching method): expa ^

exponent (the non-latching method): expa Alt+key

index (the latching method): andx

_ (underline)

index (the non-latching method): andx

SpaceBar+key

square root, root: , \sqrt\root

binom: \binom

summation, product: , \sum \prod

Integrals: , , \int \iint \iiint

circular integrals: , , \oint \oiint \oiiint

differential:d , dx , dy , dz , d t , \d \dx \dy \dz \dt \par

derivation:d

d,d

dx,d

dy,d

dz,d

d t,

\dd \ddx \ddy \ddz \ddt \parpar

case: \case

module: || (v. bar twice)

limes: lim \lim

various functions:sin , cos , ln , f \sin \cos \ln \f ...

functions with reserved names:sum , case , frac \funcsum \funccase \funcfrac ...

function with greek symbol names: , \funcalpha \funcOmega ...

other brackests: , , , , , [), (], [>,

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Functions of keyboard keys

key function key function key function

F1

displays help

(or, if configured,

sets zoom to 1:1)

F5toggles between the edit mode and

the presentationmodeF9

generates bitmap image of the selected/touched

object and copies it into thewindows clipboard

F2 increases zoom F6generates LaTeX code of touched/selected

object and copies it into thewindows clipboardF10 activates the main menu

F3 decreases zoom F7 not used F11 toggles 'snap to grid'

F4starts the hand-drawing mode

and displays the handy toolboxF8

stores the bitmap image of the selected/touched

object to disk (opens the file savedialgo box)F12 toggles automatic guidelines

key function key function key function

Esc

- quits the Typing mode

- deselects selection, if anything selected

- exits contextmenu, if open

(note: Escbehaves as the righ-mouse click)

A Z a z

- latin letters

- when double-stroked produce greek symbols

arrow

keys

- move the cursor

- with Shift - keyboard selections

- with Alt - generate arrows

Home

- moves cursor to the beginning of the line

- with Shift - selects everything to the

beginning of the line\

- an escape character to start a command

PgUp- scrolls the document on page up

End

- moves cursor to the end of the line

- with Shift - selects everything to the

end of the line

.

(dot)

- decimal separator

- converts variable to function

- executes Autocomplete

- with ALT - adds dot or double dot over a varaible

PgDown- scrolls the document one page down

Tab

- adds space between elements

- with Shift - adds column (matrix/table construction)

; - list separator'

(apostrophe)

- enables entering of multi-letter

variables when typed as a first character of the variable

Enter

- moves the cursor to the next logical point

- executes a command (like \sin )

- with ALT - forces new line

- with Shift - adds row (matrix/table)

/- division operator

- true fraction when typed twice@ - inserts the infinity () sign

Shift

- with Tab - addsmatrix/table column

- with Enter - addsmatrix/table row

- with arrow keys, End and Home

makes selections

,

(comma)

- list separator

- decimal separator (if configured)

- with ALT - adds arrow or dash over a variable

# or `- inserts a fraction line below an object

Ctrl

- activates a toolbox accelerator

- with X - cuts selection

- with C - copyes the selection

- with V - paste

- with Z - undo

- with S - save

_

(underline)

- starts indexediting (variables,

functions, brackets) - starts lower-limit editing (integrals,

summation, product)

- multiplication dot

- adds asterisk to a variable when used as a first character in an exponent : x* - bullet when used as a first character in a text line

Alt

- creates exponents

- with space bar - toggles math / text mode

- with Enter - forces line wrap

- with arrow keys - inserts arrows

- with comma key - variable decoration

Space

- creates indexes

- executes a command

- with Alt - toggles math or

text typing mode - with arrow keys,adjusts equation

position

^ or " - starts exponent editing

Ins- reloads element/equation that was last

picked-upwith the mouseDel

-deletes an element right of the

keyboard cursor - deltes na object touched with

the mouse - deletes selection

Backspace- deletes an element left of the keyboard cursor

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Keyboard examples

example keystrokes (simple variable mode) keystrokes (general variable mode) note

a1

a [space held] 1 [space released] a [space held] 1 [space released] typingvariable indexes using space bar

afirst

a [underline] f i r s t [enter] a [underline] f i r s t [enter] typingvariable indexes using underline key

a1, 2 a [underline] 1 , [underline] 2 [enter] a [underline] 1 , 2 [enter]

typinga complex indexusing the

underline key

2ax x [Alt held] 2 a [Alt released] x [Alt held] 2 a [Alt released] typingan exponent using the Alt key2x x [Alt held] - 2 [Alt released] x [Alt held] -2 [Alt released] one way to type simple negativeexponents

2x x - [Alt held] 2 [Alt released] x - [Alt held] 2 [Alt released]another way to type simple negative

exponents.

y+1x x ^ y +1 [enter] x ^ y +1 [enter]

typingmore complex indexusing the ^ key.

(insteadof the ^ we could also use the " key)

y+ z / 2x x [Alt held] y + [Alt released] z / 2 [enter] x [Alt held] y + [Alt released] z / 2 [enter]

an alternativeway to type complex indexes

(switches from non-lached to the lached

method)te e . t [enter] e . t [enter] typingexponent of base 'e' using the dot key

sinx s i n . x [enter] s i n . x [enter]typinga known function using the dot

key to generate function

resp x \ r e s p ( x [enter] \ r e s p ( x [enter]typingan unknown function using by

command casting

resp x ' r e s p . ( x [enter] r e s p . ( x [enter]typingan unknown function using the dot

key.

f x1

f [space held] 1 [space released] . x [enter] f [space held] 1 [space released] . x [enter]

typingan indexed function using the

spacebar for index and dot key to

generate function

f x1

f [underline] 1 . x [enter] f [underline] 1 . x [enter]

typingan indexed function using the

underline to generate indexand dot key

to generate the function

f x1

\ f [underline] 1 ( x [enter] \ f [underline] 1 [enter] ( x [enter]

typingan indexed function using command

casting to make the function and

underline key to generate index

dp d . p d . p typingdifferential using the dot key

dp \ d [space] p \ d [space] ptypingdifferential using the command

castingmethod

dx \ d x [space] \ d x [space]typinga common differential usign

command casting

u p a r . u p a r . utypinga partial diff. using the dot key

(alternatively, you could use \par command)

x \ s q r t [space] x [enter] \ s q r t [space] x [enter] typinga sq. root bycasting a command

x [Ctrl + R] x [enter] [Ctrl + R] x [enter]

the sq. root by using a toolbox accelerator.

(supposing the Ctrl+R is assigned to the

square root sign)

ww wwtypinga greek letter using double-stroke

(repeat strokes fast - in less than 250ms)

[Alt held] [left key] [Alt released] [Alt held] [left key] [Alt released] typingan arrow using the Alt key [Alt held] [right key] [right key] [Alt released] [Alt held] [right key] [right key] [Alt released] typinga double arrow using the Alt key

f kk = 1

\ s u m [space held] k [space released] = 1

[enter] @ [enter] f . k [enter] [enter]

\ s u m [space held] k [space released] = 1

[enter] @ [enter] f . k [enter] [enter]

Typing a sum. signwith upper and lower

limits by casting a command, then typing

function byusing the dot key

f kk = 1

\ s u m [underline] k = 1 [enter]

@ [enter] \ f ( k [enter] [enter]

\ s u m [underline] k = 1 [enter]

@ [enter] \ f ( k [enter] [enter]

Typing the same summation sign using

alternativemethods.

2sin x sin. [Alt held] 2 [Alt released] x [enter] [enter] sin. [Alt held] 2 [Alt released] x [enter] [enter]

typinga squared function byusing the

dot key to generate the function and

alt key for squaring

x =0; z < 0 1; z 0

x = \ { 0 ; z < 0 [Alt held] [enter] [Alt released]

1 ; z > = 0 [enter]

x = \ { 0 ; z < 0 [Alt held] [enter] [Alt released]

1 ; z > = 0 [enter]

using \{ to cast left-only brackets; using

Alt+Enter to generate new line

xa 1

+both +abx [underline] a - [underline] 1 [enter] + ' b o t h

+ a b

x [underline] a - 1 [enter] + b o t h

+ a [space] b

demonstrating differences between

simple and general variable mode

(Those examples are relevant for math-typing mode. Note that in some cases a [space] can be replaced with [enter] or vice versa)