Molecular Tools:

Molecular Separations

*Gel Electrophoresis

Molecular Tools:

Molecular Separations*Gel Electrophoresis

*One- and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins

Molecular Tools:

Molecular Separations

*Gel Filtration Chromatography

Molecular Tools:

Labeled Tracers

*Autoradiography

*Phosphorimaging

Molecular Tools:

Nonradioactive Tracers

Molecular Tools:

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

* Southern Blots

H E BH E B H E BH E B H E BH E B H E BH E B

P1P1 P2aP2a P2bP2b P3P3

23.123.19.459.456.566.564.354.35

2.322.322.022.02

0.560.56

kbkb

Molecular Tools:

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

*DNA Fingerprinting/Typing

Molecular Tools:

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

*In Situ Hybridization

Glycogen phosphorylase gene

Minisatellite Telomeres

Sykorova, et al. (2006) Am. J. Bot. 93(6) 814-823

SDS-PAGESDS-PAGE

Isolate RibosomesIsolate Ribosomes

P3P3

S6S6

Incubate Incubate with with

AntiseraAntisera

Transfer to nitrocellulose YY

YY

Molecular Tools:

Immunoblots (Western Blots)

Molecular Tools:

Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing

Molecular Tools:Pyrosequencing (454 sequencing)

Molecular Tools:

Site-Directed Mutagenesis

Molecular Tools:

Northern Blots

P1P1

P2aP2a

P2bP2b

P3P3

18 S18 SrRNArRNA

Ear

Ear

Lea

fL

eaf

Col

e opt

ile

Col

eopt

ile

Roo

tR

oot

Silk

Silk

Pol

len

Pol

len

15 20 2515 20 25 15 20 2515 20 25 15 20 2515 20 25

Em

bryo

Em

bryo

Ale

uron

eA

leur

one

En

dosp

erm

En

dosp

erm

DPPDPP

Fig. 5.34

Molecular Tools:Quantitative PCR concepts

Molecular Tools:Quantitative PCR quantification

Molecular Tools:

Reporter Gene Transcription