Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee
Transcript of Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee
![Page 1: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Macromolecules:
![Page 2: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Macromolecules
• macromolecules (Polymers) are large molecules that are often composed of repeating sub-units (monomers)
• some of the biologically important macromolecules are: – carbohydrates -lipids – proteins -nucleic acids
![Page 3: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Carbohydrates• Two Basic functions
• Structural - Plant wall, arthropod shells • Energy/Storage
• carbohydrates are our most important energy source
• can be simple (mono- or disaccharides) or complex sugars (polysaccharides)
![Page 4: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1. Monosaccharides
• single sugars in straight chain or ring form
• C:H:O usually in 1:2:1 ratio (glucose is C6H12O6)
• examples: glucose, fructose, deoxyribose
![Page 5: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Monosaccharides• some monosaccharides are isomers, e.g., glucose &
fructose (same formula-C6H12O6, different structure)
![Page 6: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Isomers of Glucose - & ß
!6
![Page 7: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
= double sugar
+
Sucrose
2. Disaccharides
GlucoseFructose
OH OH
O
H2O+
Dehydration Reaction (condensation) reaction
![Page 8: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2. Disaccharides• sugar molecules made from 2 single sugars • formed by a condensation reaction
![Page 9: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Dehydration reactions - a chemical reaction where monomers are joined by the removal of water (H+ & OH-) (aka condensation)
Hydrolysis Reactions - reverse of dehydration - H+ & OH- are added to molecules to break them into smaller subunits
![Page 10: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
» Identify
![Page 12: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
» Identify the following.
![Page 13: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
» Identify the following.
![Page 14: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
» Identify the following.
![Page 15: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
» Identify the following.
![Page 16: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
» Identify the following.
![Page 17: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1. What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide?
2. What is an isomer? Give an example of biological isomers.
!17
![Page 18: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
3. What is the formula of glucose? (Draw a simple structure.)
4. What is the formula of fructose? (Draw a simple structure.)
5. When are carbohydrates in chains versus rings?
!18
![Page 19: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
!19
6. What type of reaction is this?
A
B
![Page 20: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
3. Polysaccharides• oligosaccharides are shorter-chain sugars with
3-10 single sugars • longer chain carbohydrates are called
polysaccharides • examples: starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin • Polymerization- linking identical subunits (i.e.,
monomers) to make a larger molecule
![Page 21: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1. Cellulose • humans cannot digest this cellulose (=fibre) • long chains of ß-linkages • structural molecule in plants (cell wall)
![Page 22: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
2. Starch • very easy for humans to digest • alpha-linkages in sugars • fast source of energy • storage molecule for plants
(Note: all sugars line up the same way)
Glucose Glucose Glucose Glucose Glucose Glucose Glucose
![Page 23: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3. Glycogen • a large molecule that is used by humans to store
energy • found in muscles & liver cells • similar in structure to starch (i.e., alpha links) but
branching molecule
![Page 24: Molecular biology IB 2 - Science to a Tee](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022012515/618f5d80660b103f1b5fdd09/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Mol View Website
• Get a worksheet • Open up the website http://molview.org/?cid=2519 • Examine the structure of the molecules Cellulose, Chitin,
Glycogen, and Starch•