Moisture in the Air. Key Terms Evaporation – the process by which water molecules escape into the...
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![Page 1: Moisture in the Air. Key Terms Evaporation – the process by which water molecules escape into the air. Humidity – water vapor or moisture, in the air.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d4f5503460f94a2ea8a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Moisture in the Air
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Key Terms
• Evaporation – the process by which water molecules escape into the air.
• Humidity – water vapor or moisture, in the air.
• Relative humidity – the percent of moisture the air holds relative to the amount it could hold at a certain temperature.
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Measuring Relative Humidity
• Psychrometer – device used to measure relative humidity.– Consists of 2 thermometers.– One is covered with a moist cloth.– When air passes over wet cloth, water
evaporates and temperature cools.
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Measuring Relative Humidity
• Differences in temperature between 2 bulbs is used to determine relative humidity
• Compare temp difference (degrees difference) to dry thermometer temp– Look up relative humidity in chart
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Clouds
• Form when moisture in the air condenses on small particles of dust or other solids in the air.
• Mixture in which particles of water are suspended in air.
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Cloud Formation
• Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air.• As air rises it cools.• Air becomes saturated with water.
– Holds maximum amount of water.• Water vapor in air condenses clouds form.
– Dew point – the temp. at which water vapor condenses.
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Cumulus clouds
• “Fluffy” clouds• Flat bottom• Usually indicate fair
weather– Can produce
thunderstorms
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Stratus Clouds
• Smooth, gray• Cover the entire sky• Associated with light
rain and drizzle• When close to ground
fog
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Cirrus Clouds•Thin and feathery, made of ice crystals
•Can be seen in fair weather
•May indicate that rain or snow will fall in several hours.
•A.k.a. – mares’ tails
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Special Types of Clouds
• Cirrostratus -high-level clouds composed of ice crystals– can cover the entire sky
– relatively transparent, as the sun or the moon can easily be seen through them
• Cumulonimbus – thunderclouds• Nimbostratus - dark, low-level clouds
accompanied by light to moderately falling precipitation
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Precipitation
• Water vapor that condenses and falls to Earth– Ex. – rain, sleet, snow
• Formation:– Cloud droplets increase in size by colliding
and combining with other droplets– Droplets become to heavy, and are pulled down
by gravity
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Snow
• Forms when water vapor turns directly into a solid
• 6-sided flakes (ice crystals)
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Hail
• Forms in cumulonimbus clouds
• Small chunks of ice• Formed when water
droplets hit ice pellets in clouds and freeze
• Can be held in clouds by winds and grow in size before falling
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Measuring Rainfall
• Rain gauge– Straight sided
container with flat bottom
– Collects rain over a given period of time
– Usually measure in mm or cm