Module 8_DRR CCA Mainstreaming 3

7/29/2019 Module 8_DRR CCA Mainstreaming 3

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VisionPlanning Environment

Income &

Services

Population

Development Issues, Goals, Objectives

Strategies and PPAs

Land Use and Physical Framework

Investment

Program

Economic Activity

Physical Resources/

Transport

VisionPlanning Environment

Income &

Services

Population

Development Issues, Goals, Objectives

Strategies and PPAs

Land Use and Physical Framework

Investment

Program

Economic Activity

Physical Resources/

Transport


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DRIVERS

Population

Economy

Physical Resources

SYMPTOMS

Income

Services

Land Use

2 GOALS

OBJECTIVES

3 STRATEGIES

4 PROGRAMS

PROJECTS

ACTIVITIES

1 DEVELOPMENT

ISSUES/

PROBLEMS

PLANNING ENVIRONMENT


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Identifying DRR Approaches and

Interventions Options

Eliminate or avoid remove a risk trigger

or deny a risk-creating activity

1

2

3

4

Reduce or mitigate reduce frequency or

the severity by changing physical

characteristics or operations

Share or transfer shift the risk-bearing

responsibility to another party

Accept or retain fund potential losses

with own resources


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Eliminate or remove a risk trigger or risk source

Avoid risk or deny a risk-creating activity by

not locating in the area of potential hazardimpact

not purchasing vulnerable land or building

refusing to engage in functions that couldpotentially be impacted

Risk Elimination/Avoidance1


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Reduce frequency or the severity bychanging physical characteristics or

operations of a system or element/s

at risk

Risk Reduction / Mitigation2

Risk or loss prevention instituting

measures to reduce the frequency

of occurrence of hazards adverseimpact.


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Risk or loss reduction by mitigation reducing theseverity of hazard impact by improving the survivability

of people, property and functions through actions

completed prior to hazard impact.

Strategies and PPAs under this option include:

instituting structural and non-structural measures to

mitigate the negative effects of the hazard;

alleviating the socio-economic vulnerabilities or

improving and enhancing coping mechanisms of

communities at risk to disasters and other natural

hazards that trigger them.



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Risk or loss reduction by preparedness

reducing the severity of hazard impact by

improving capability to rescue, salvage, and

recover through actions completed afterhazard impact.

Strategies & PPAs may include:

the installation of early warning systems,

awareness & IEC programs,

evacuation plans & programs.



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Segregation of exposure by

duplication or redundancy

increasing system sustainability

by providing back-up support for

elements that may become non-

functional after the hazard

impact (concept of spare tire orstand-by generator)

Risk Reduction/Mitigation2


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Segregation of exposure by

separation increasing system

capacity and robustness through

geographic, physical and

operational separation of

facilities and functions

(decentralizing services orfunctions)

Risk Reduction/Mitigation2


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Risk sharing or risk transfer shifting therisk-bearing responsibility to another party.

Involves use of financial and economicmeasures particularly the use of theinsurance system to cover and pay forfuture damages.

3

In some literatures, the segregation ofexposure by separation is considered as arisk spreading or risk transfer option.


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Risk retention or acceptance4

fully accept the risks

(the do-nothing scenario)

make arrangements to pay forfinancial losses related to thehazard impact

fund potential losses with ownresources


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Examples of DRR Approaches and Strategies

Avoid or

Eliminate Risks

Reduce and Mitigate

Risks

Share and Transfer

Risks

Risk Retention

Infra-

structurerisks

Prohibit

developmentBuyout or

relocate

structureDestroy structure

Strengthen structures

ability to resist hazardChange use or

occupancy pattern of

structureEnforce stricter zoning

and building standardsDevelop response plans

and improve hazards

warning systemsBuild redundantinfrastructure systems

Secure items from

damage and loss

Develop alternate

locations for keyfunctionsInstitute a geologic

hazard abatement

district for

homeowners to

share in future

repair costsReal estate

disclosures

Take no actionSelf-insure the

stocksTreat physical

losses as

expenses

Source: EMI, 2005

Note: Options may require the combination of several approaches/strategies;

the better option/s determined via benefit-cost analysis (cost of option is lessthan averted losses when option is implemented).


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Avoid or Eliminate

Risks

Reduce and Mitigate Risks Share and Transfer

Risks

Risk Retention

Social

and

Cultural

Risks

Deny

occupancy of

hazardous

buildings

Protect

cultural assets

through

zoning

standards

Integrate socio-

cultural indicators

into risk

assessment

Fund hospitals and

social services

mitigationIdentify needs of

vulnerablepopulations (e.g.

elderly,

handicapped,

immigrants)

Promote

incentives for

homeowners,

renters and

businesses to

purchase

insurance

Create mutual

aid

agreements

Take no

action

Prepare

shelter

plans for

displaced

residents

Source: EMI, 2005

Examples of DRR Strategies


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Avoid or

Eliminate Risks


Risks

Risk

Retention

EconomicRisks

Avoid oreliminate

capital stock

risks by

mandating

smart

growth oravoiding high

risk areas

Develop

business

retention andjob placementprograms

Provide incentives tomitigate or reduce risk

Diversify income sources

Attract wide range of

business types

Mitigate risks to key

income generators (base

industries, large

employment sectors)Incentives for smart

growth

Build economic alliances

and partnership

Sharedresponsibilities

between

government and

private /

business sector

Take noaction

Special

Funds or

lines of

creditsfor lost

revenues

Source: EMI, 2005



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Avoid or Eliminate

Risks


Risks

Risk

Retention

NaturalResource/

Environ-

mental

Risks

Eliminatesources of

pollution

Mandate use of

technologies

(e.g. emissionsfree vehicles)

Enforce strict

zoning

Eliminate pointsources of pollution

Launch clean-up

efforts

Regulate use and

storage of potentialpollutants

Reduce densities in

sensitive areas

Habitat conservation

plans

Incentives for use of

specific technologies

Incentives for good

development

decisions

Develop transferof development

rights programs,

or environmental

land swaps

Greater shared

responsibilities of

Indigenous

Peoples in the

management and

protection of

forests

Take noaction

Brownfield

clean-up

and reusecosts

Source: EMI, 2005



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Concern(Hazard)

DRR related PPAs(Structural Measures ) (Non-structural Measures)

Control Works(Temporary)

Restraint Works(Permanent)

Preparedness & Prevention

Earthquake

and rainfall

induced

Landslide

- Cutting

unstable

soil &rock mass

- Shaping of

slope

(stepping)- Vegetation- Drainage

- Cast-in-place

concrete crib- Pre-cast block,

ground anchor

and gravity retaining

wall- Concrete spraying

works- Crib retaining wall- soil nailing

- Hazard resistant

design of the slope &buildings

- Construction ofbuilding at the toe of

the slope- Risk transfer

(Insurance, re-insurance, Cat

bonds)*

DRR-related PPAs


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Concern(Hazard)





Storm /

Flood

- Sand bag

dykes

beside

river

- Diversion

trenches

- Artificial

channels

- Mechanical land

treatment of slope, such

as terracing to reduce the

runoff coefficient

- Construction of

dams/dykes

- Construction of levees

beside river

- Construction of bridges- Other flood control

structures i.e. spillways,

concrete channels,

drainage etc

- Hazard-resistant design

and construction codes

- Flood and storm

forecasting

- Flood evacuation

training programs

- Coastal zone

management plan

- Financial alternatives- Risk transfer (Insurance,

re-insurance, Cat

bonds)*

DRR-related PPAs


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Concern(Hazard)





Volcanic

Eruption

- Excavation

of trench- Shaping of

slope

(stepping)

- Vegetation

- drainage

- Construction of

dykes

- Volcanic resistant design

(i.e. roof slope- Evacuation planning

- Public awareness &

training program

- Delineation of buffer

zones

- Risk transfer (Insurance,

re-insurance, Cat bonds)*

DRR-related PPAs


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Concern(Hazard)





Earthquake None For concrete structural:

- Reinforce building with

steel moment frame

- Increase lateral support

by infilling opening

- Protect wall by stiffening

floor

For wood and other

building structures:

- Follow the existing

building code for

retrofitting of the building

under threat of the

earthquake impact.

- Hazard-resistant design

& construction codes

- Early warning system

and training

- Earthquake evacuation

planning and training

programs

- Earthquake macro and

micro zoning

- Monitoring and

evaluation of old building

for retrofitting buildings

- Financial alternatives

- Risk transfer (Insurance,

re-insurance, Cat bonds)

DRR-related PPAs


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Codes of Practice in Land Use Planning *

* For areas prone to natural hazards (mass movements, flooding & snow avalanches)

Red zones building is strictly prohibitedBlue zones building is possible but with restrictions,

provided certain safety requirements are met.

Yellow zones building is possible without restriction`

Buildings exposed to hazards have to be designed

corresponding to the hazards possible impacts

To minimize fatalities, the establishment of warning

systems and evacuation plans by the communities are

required.

Events involving large number of people have to beavoided as much as possible

(The Case of Switzerland)

Source: World Meteorolological Organization (2006)


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Risk Management via

Land Use Planning

(The Case of National

Land Use Plan ofLebanon)

In zones susceptible to flooding,

the rules of land development

must necessarily be restrictive:

reduced construction rights, banning housing projects for the

purpose of real estate

development

no installations intended for

public use

no obstruction of riverwatercourses

prohibition of closed fencing &

the obligation to reserve at least

80% of the land for use as

gardens, lawns, orchards or

vegetable gardens.

M i t i DRA R lt i th Pl


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INVESTMENT

PROGRAMMING

& BUDGETING

DRIVERS

Population

Economy

Physical Resources

SYMPTOMS

Income

Services

Land Use2 GOALS

OBJECTIVES/

TARGETS

3 STRATEGIES4 PROGRAMS

PROJECTS

ACTIVITIES

1 DEVELOPMENT

ISSUES/PROBLEMS

PLANNING ENVIRONMENT

Housing backlog

Proportion of households who

are informal settlers

Proportion of households with

makeshift housing

aa houses are in high risk area A

Lack of affordable housing

Risk of fatality of residents

in high risk area A is 1 to 10

persons per 1000

population per year

Provide safe

affordable housing

for xx

HH in yy areas

Provide access to safe new housing

sites

Prepare shelter plans for families that

will be relocated from the high risk

areas

Improve sites/ services in yy areas

Private sector-led development of

affordable housing

Provide livelihood opportunities

PROJECTS/ACTIVITIESPROGRAMS

Skills development

Microfinance

Livelihood Program

Access road

construction project

New housing road access

program

Resettlement program Site acquisition and

extension of utility lines

DRR-enhanced Settlements Land Use PlanningMainstreaming DRA Results in the Plan


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Development

Issues &

Challenges

Goal Objective/

Target

Strategy/

Policy

Program/

Projects/

ActivitiesDerived from

the matrix onascertainingthe risk

issues andconcerns

Medium-long term

IntersectoralResponds to

a generalproblem

Broadstatement

Short termSectoralResponds to

a specific

problem

SpecificMeasurableAchievable

RealisticTimebound

Short-long termSectoral/

intersectoralLocation specific

States howgoal/objective isto be achieved

Guides PPA

identification andimplementationDerived by

looking at driversof problems

Short-mediumterm

Sectoral/

intersectoralLocation

specific

Translates

strategy intoaction

Development Planning Framework Matrix

See the 4 cases shown in pages 144-146 of the Guidelines
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2%20Cases/Cases%201-3.pptxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2%20Cases/Cases%201-3.pptx


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Enhancing Planning Decisions

Issues/Problems Goals Objectives Strategies Programs Projects

Low incomes,

lack of livelihood

opportunities

Increase

incomes/

livelihood

opportunities

Provide

employment to

xx families in

yy areas.

Encourage export

competitive industries

Export infrastructure

program

Port repair project

(to reduce handling

costs)

Regional highway

project (to support

export market)

Skills training for

export productivity

program

Training for

productivity project

in yy areas

Provide microfinance Microfinance

program

Pilot micro-finance

projectHigh dropout rate

for elementary

school

Decrease

elementary

dropout rate

Improve

school

retention in yy

areas.

Improve physical

access to schools

Road to school

improvement program

Build/repair school

access road project

Classroom building

program in yy areas

Classroom constn

in yy areas

Provide subsidy for

poor students

Subsidized school

lunch program

Subsidized school

lunch project in yy

areas

Lack of affordable

housing Provideaffordablehousing

Provide

affordable

housing for xx

house-holds

Provide access to

new housing sites

New housing road

access program

Access road

construction project

Improve sites/

services in yy areas

CMP program in yy

areas

CMP project in yy

areas

Private sector-led

development of

affordable housing

Land titling and

admini-stration

program

Land titling project

in yy areas

Source: Table 22, page 111 of PDPFP Vol.2


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Enhancing Planning Decisions

Issues/ Problems Goals Objectives Strategies Programs Projects

Urban encroach-

ment into prime

agricultural lands

Mitigate

indiscriminate

land conversion;

protect selectedagricultural land

Prevent

unnecessary land

conversion in yy

areas

Encourage urban

expansion to

environment-tally

compatible areas

Urban expansion

road program

Access road

constn project

Review and

update land useplans and zoning

Updated land use

plans and zoningfor yy areas

Improve agri

incomes to dis-

courage conversion

Agricultural

productivity

program

Agricultural

productivity

research project

Flooding Protect

communities in

flood prone areas

Protect xx

households in yy

areasProtect and

rehabilitate

watershed

Watershed

rehabilitation

program

Tree planting

project in yy areas

Production forestproject in yy areas

Provide protective

infrastructure

Flood control

program

Retention pond

and dike project

Relocate or

discourage

settlement in

flood-prone areas

Provide alternative

livelihood for

residents of flood-

prone areas

Alternative

livelihood program

for flood prone

communities

Port expansion

project (accommo-

date families in

flood prone areas)

Environmental

degradation

Curb environ-

mental

degradation

Significantly

reduce industrial

discharge into yy

areas

Implement existing

anti-pollution

regulations

Bantay kalikasan

program

Environment

police project in yy

areas

Legislation higher

pollution penalties

Encourage use of

environment friendly

technology

Green technology

program

Reduced tariffs on

green technology

equipmentSource: Table 23, page 112 of PDPFP Vol.2


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PPA Summary Matrix

Goal/

Objective

Strategies Program/

Proj Des-cription

Location

(w/ map)

Timeframe Lead

Agency

Goal 1

Objective 1

Objective 2

Strategy 1

Strategy 1

Strategy 2

Project 1

Program 1

Project 1

Project 2Project 3

Program 2

Program 1

2006

2006-2008

2006

20072008

2006

Goal 2

Objective 1 Strategy 1 Project 1 2007-2010

Goal 3

Objective 1 Strategy 1

Strategy 2

Project 1

Program 1

Project 1

Project 2

2009

2010-2011

2010

2011

Legislative

Require-ments

STRATEGIES AND PPAs Corresponds to urgency/priorityrevealed in risk prioritization

matrix during risk evaluation

Module 8_DRR CCA Mainstreaming 3

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