MODULE 7 Sleep and Dreams Type 2 - 5 Minute Quiz…pick up your worksheet on table and take out...
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Transcript of MODULE 7 Sleep and Dreams Type 2 - 5 Minute Quiz…pick up your worksheet on table and take out...
MODULE 7
Sleep and Dreams
Type 2 - 5 Minute Quiz…pick up your worksheet on table and take out notes.
Objectives
Students will be able to… Demonstrate their understanding of sleep
by creating an illustration on the different stages
Discuss the difference between biological clocks and circadian clock
Question of the Day – Type 111/15/10 According to a national survey
16% of adults sleep less than six hours 24% sleep 6 to 6.9 hours 31% sleep 7 to 7.9 hours 26% sleep 8 or more hours Average: 6.9 hours a night
Where do you fall in this survey? What are the benefits and
drawbacks of sleeping the number of hours you sleep?
Biological Clock and Circadian rhythm
Biological clocks are internal timing devices that are genetically set to regulate various physiological responses for different periods of time
Circadian rhythm refers to a biological clock that’s genetically programmed to regulate physiological responses within a time period of 24 hours
Where is your biological clock located?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus part of hypothalamus lies in the lower middle of the brain regulates a number of circadian rhythms regulates sleep-wake cycle highly responsive to change in light
Interval v. Food-Entrainable
Interval timing clock can be started and stopped like a stopwatch,
seconds, minutes, or hours helps creatures time their movements located in the basal ganglia
Food-entrainable circadian clock “midnight snack” clock regulates eating patterns in people and animals obese people might have an abnormality in
their clock (located in hypothalamus)
Circadian problems and treatments
Shift workers decreased performance in cognitive and
motor skills sleep-wake clocks have prepared bodies for
sleep (means workers feel sleepy, are less attentive and alert, and are often in a lousy mood)
Jet lag fatigue, lack of concentration, and reduced
cognitive skills during travel to new time zones biological circadian clocks are out of step
Circadian problems and treatments
Resetting clock light therapy: use of bright artificial light to
reset circadian clocks and combat the insomnia and drowsiness that plague shift workers and jet lag sufferers
Melatonin hormone secreted by the pineal gland (oval-
shaped group of cells in the center of the brain) melatonin secretion increases with darkness
and decreases with light suprachiasmatic nucleus; regulates the
secretion of melatonin
Activity - Due Tuesday end of class but start today!
Your group will develop a visual representation of sleep on a chart paper (15pts). You must include the following: Alpha stage Non-REM stages 1-4 REM stage
Your group must also have a physical representation of sleep stages to go along with your presentation…I need to see some acting and movement! Tap into your sleep journals if necessary. (15pts) Extra Credit for most creative group (5pts)
Everyone needs to participate to get credit!
WORLD OF SLEEP (CONT’D)
WORLD OF SLEEP (CONT’D)
REM sleep
REM behavior disorder usually occurs in older people voluntary muscles aren’t paralyzed can and do act out their dreams
REM rebound spending an increased percentage of time in
REM sleep if they were deprived of REM sleep on the previous nights
QUESTIONS ABOUT SLEEP
Why do I sleep?
Repair theory activities during the day drain key factors in
brain/body that sleep repairs restorative process
Adaptive theory prevented from wasting energy and exposing
themselves to the dangers of nocturnal predators
QUESTIONS ABOUT SLEEP
What causes sleep? Master sleep switch
VPN (ventrolateral preoptic nucleus); group of cells in the hypothalamus
switched on VNP secretes a neurotransmitter (GABA) that turns off areas that keep the brain awake
switched off VNP activates certain brain areas Reticular formation
column of cells that stretches the length of the brain stem
arouses and alerts the forebrain and prepares it to receive information from all the senses
CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Seasonal affective disorder, or SAD Pattern of depressive symptoms, such as
loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities; cycles with the seasons
Includes lethargy excessive sleepiness overeating weight gain craving carbohydrates SAD has become a subtype (Seasonal Pattern
Specifier) of major depression (APA 2000)
Theories of dream interpretation
Freud’s theory of dream interpretation we have a “censor” that protects us from
realizing threatening and unconscious desires or wishes, especially those involving sex or aggression
“censor” protects us from threatening thoughts by transforming our secret, guilt-ridden, and anxiety-provoking desires into harmless symbols that appear in our dreams and don’t disturb our sleep or conscious thoughts
WORLD OF DREAMS (CONT’D)
Extensions of waking life theory dreams reflect the same thoughts, fears,
concerns, problems, and emotions that we have when awake
Activation-synthesis theory dreaming occurs because brain areas that
provide reasoned cognitive control during the waking state are shut down
sleeping brain is stimulated by different chemical and neural influences that result in hallucinations, delusions, high emotions, and bizarre thought patterns that we call dreams
WORLD OF DREAMS (CONT’D)
Theories of dream interpretation
Threat simulation theory dreaming serves a biological function by
repeatedly simulating events that are threatening in our waking lives so our brain can practice how it perceives threats and rehearse our responses to such events
WORLD OF DREAMS (CONT’D)
Typical dreams What do people dream about?
several characters involve motion take place indoors more often than out visual sensation, but rarely sensations of
taste, smell, or pain seem bizarre, may include flying or falling
without injury may be recurrent (dreams of being
threatened, pursued, or trying to hide)
WORLD OF DREAMS (CONT’D)
Typical dreams Involve emotions of anxiety or fear rather
than joy or happiness Rarely involve sexual encounters and are
almost never about sexual intercourse Rarely can we control or dream about
something we intend to dream about Dreams usually have visual imagery and
are in color in sighted people Blind people from birth dream in tactile,
olfactory, or gustatory (taste), not visual
APPLICATION: SLEEP PROBLEMS & TREATMENTS
Insomnia Difficulties in either going to sleep or
staying asleep through the night
Associated with daytime complaints fatigue impairment of concentration memory difficulty lack of well-being
APPLICATION: SLEEP PROBLEMS & TREATMENTS (CONT’D)
Nondrug treatment
Go to bed only when sleepy Put light out immediately; don’t read or
watch TV If not asleep in 20 minutes, get out of bed
and relax in another room until tired again Repeat last step as often as required Set alarm for same time each morning Don’t nap during the day Follow program rigidly for several weeks
APPLICATION: SLEEP PROBLEMS & TREATMENTS (CONT’D)
Drug treatment Benzodiazepines (Dalmane, Xanax, Restoril)
reduce anxiety, worry, and stress effective in moderate dosages in short term (2
to 4 weeks) treatment; prolonged use in higher dosages may lead to dependence
Nonbenzodiazepines (Ambien, Sonata, Lunesta)
rapidly becoming popular fast acting reduce daytime drowsiness; fewer cognitive
side effects less likely to lead to dependence
APPLICATION: SLEEP PROBLEMS & TREATMENTS (CONT’D)
Sleep apnea Repeated periods during sleep when a person
stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer; may repeatedly stop breathing, momentarily awaken, and then resume sleep
Results in insomnia; exhaustion during the day Narcolepsy
Chronic disorder marked by excessive sleepiness Form of sleep attacks or short periods of sleep
throughout the day Accompanied by brief periods of REM sleep and
loss of muscle control (cataplexy) Triggered by emotional change
APPLICATION: SLEEP PROBLEMS & TREATMENTS (CONT’D)
Night terrors Occur in stage 3 or 4 (delta sleep) Frightening experiences that often start with a
piercing scream, followed by sudden awakening in a fearful state with rapid breathing and increased heart rate
Usually no memory of experience in the morning Nightmares
Occur during REM sleep Very frightening and anxiety-producing images
occur involving great danger Upon awakening, person can describe nightmare
in great detail
APPLICATION: SLEEP PROBLEMS & TREATMENTS (CONT’D)
Sleepwalking Occurs in stage 3 or 4 (delta sleep) Sleeper gets up and walks while literally
sound asleep Has poor coordination Clumsy but can avoid objects Can engage in limited conversation No memory of sleepwalking