Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an...

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Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at: http://www.eng.cam.ac.uk/~dmh David Holburn [email protected] David Moore [email protected]

Transcript of Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an...

Page 1: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Module 4B7VLSI Design, Technology & CAD

Engineering Tripos Part IIBYou can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at:

http://www.eng.cam.ac.uk/~dmh

David [email protected]

David [email protected]

Page 2: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

12 lectures in LR6:- Friday at 12, Tuesday at 10

Printed handouts (approximately one per lecture) gaps to be filled in places where you need to add your own notes

Two examples sheets:- MOS circuits Microelectronics technology

Various other notes and leaflets Exam - start of Easter term Coursework - later this term Material on the WWW

4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD

Page 3: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Coursework

Electrical characterisation of CMOS ring oscillator circuit

Takes place in EIETL/Part I Lab, Weeks 7-8

Page 4: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Coursework SEM examination of CMOS ring oscillator circuit Takes place in Electrical Research Lab, Weeks 7-8

Page 5: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Course ActivitiesVisits to IC manufacturers EEV (Chelmsford) – Charge-coupled imaging devices Fujitsu (Durham)- Memory/Microprocessor manufacture

Page 6: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Guest Lecture James Collier from Cambridge Silicon Radio is expected

to give a talk an the evolution of their world-beating Bluetooth CMOS chip set … details later ...

Page 7: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Case Study - Flash MemoryCase study illustrating advanced VLSI design & manufacture

Intel® StrataFlash™ offers: non-volatility, reliability, and smaller form factor.

MultiLevel Cell (MLC) technology stores multiple bits of data on a single memory transistor.

Allows increased densities and decreased cost-per-megabyte

Uses 0.18 m technology

Page 8: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Evolution of the Microprocessor

Paper D7: VLSI Design, Technology & CAD

Engineering Tripos Part IIB/EIST Part II

You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at: http://www.eng.cam.ac.uk/~dmh

Page 9: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

The First Transistor

New York Times

“A device called a transistor, which has several applications in radio where a vacuum tube ordinarily is employed, was demonstrated for the first time yesterday at Bell Telephone Laboratories, 463 West Street, where it was invented.”

23rd December 1947

http://www.lucent.com/ideas2/ideas.html http://www.bell-labs.com

Page 10: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

The First Integrated Circuit

1958, Jack Kilby, a young electrical engineer at Texas Instruments, figured out how to put all the circuit elements - transistors, resistors, and capacitors, along with their interconnecting wiring - into a single piece of germanium.

His rough prototype was a thin piece of germanium about one-half inch long containing five separate components linked together by tiny wires.

Page 11: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

The Microprocessor

4004: Intel’s first microprocessor

The speed of this 1971 device was estimated at 0.06 MIPS (million instructions/s).

By comparison, in 2000 Intel's Pentium ran at 133 MHz, contained 5.5 million transistors, & could execute 300 MIPS. Complexity & speed have risen steadily since then!

The 4-bit 4004 ran at 108 kHz & contained 2300 transistors.

Page 12: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Intel 8086/8088 and IBM PC

1978: 8086/8088 Microprocessor

A pivotal sale to IBM’s new personal computer division made the 8088 the brains of IBM’s new ‘hit product’ -- the IBM PC.

This was followed in 1982 by the 80286, on which was based the IBM PC/AT (Advanced Technology) computer.

Page 13: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Intel 80386 and 80486

The Intel ‘386 (1985) contained 275,000 transistors. It was Intel’s first ‘32-bit’ chip, and was capable of ‘multi-tasking’.

The ‘486 (1989, shown) was significantly more powerful, and was the first to offer a built-in math. co-processor, greatly speeding up transcendental functions.

Page 14: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Intel Pentium

The Pentium was first introduced in 1993 - it was designed to allow computers to handle “real-world” data such as speech, sound and images.

The latest Pentium II (1997) contained 7.5 million transistors, and is packaged in a unique format.

Page 15: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Scaling - Intel Pentium Origin design used MOSFETs with L=0.8 m

Speed limited to fclk= 66 MHz

Shrink minimum dimension to 0.6 m Raise clock to 100 MHz - 50% more throughput Lower power consumption Latest P4 uses L=0.09 m fclk=3800MHz (internal)!

Relative sizes

Page 16: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Moore’s Law The Intel view of Gordon Moore’s observation.

The billion-transistor chip is imminent!

http://www.intel.com/research/silicon/mooreslaw.htm

Page 17: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Moore’s Law1. Chip complexity doubles every process generation1. Chip complexity doubles every process generation2. Factory cost doubles every factory generation 2. Factory cost doubles every factory generation

Co

mp

lexi

ty

10 9

10 8

10 7

10 6

10 5

10 4

10 3

10 2

10 1

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

8080

PentiumPentium®®

80486

80286

PentiumPentium®®Pro

$5000

$2000

$500

$200

Co

st in

$M

cost

complexity

Page 18: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Silicon Technology

Intel386™ DXIntel386™ DXProcessorProcessor

1.5µ1.5µ 1.0µ1.0µ 0.8µ0.8µ 0.6µ0.6µ 0.4µ0.4µ 0.25µ0.25µSilicon ProcessSilicon ProcessTechnologyTechnology

Intel486™ DXIntel486™ DXProcessorProcessor

PentiumPentium® ®

ProcessorProcessor

PentiumPentium® ® IIIIProcessorProcessor

Page 19: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Wafers - 4" to 300 mm

Page 20: Module 4B7 VLSI Design, Technology & CAD Engineering Tripos Part IIB You can find a pointer to an HTML version of this presentation at : dmh.

Web resource

http://www2.eng.cam.ac.uk/~dmh/4b7