Module 2: Planning and Optimizing a TCP/IP Physical and Logical

Network

Overview

Planning a Functional TCP/IP Solution

Evaluating Network Performance

Lesson: Planning a Functional TCP/IP Solution

Reviewing IP Addressing

IP Addressing for Private and Public Networks

IP Address Subnet Requirements

IP Configuration Methodology

Guidelines for Planning a Functional TCP/IP Solution

Multimedia: Planning a TCP/IP Solution

Reviewing IP Addressing

Classful Address

Network Host

Class B address

Class B default mask

172 100 10 1

255 255 0 0

Classless Address

Network Host

Subnet mask

172 100 10 1/20

Subnet

255 240 0255

Addressing structuresAddressing structures Subnet masksSubnet masks

IP Addressing for Private and Public Networks

Addressing scheme

Use if the organization has

Advantages Disadvantages

Public

Direct Internet access requirementSufficient public addresses

Addresses are ownedDirect Internet access

Costly to leaseGrowth is restrictedCan be insecure

Private

No requirement for direct Internet accessInsufficient public addresses availableNAT

InexpensiveUnrestricted growthPotentially more secure

Requires a network translation device Requires some public addresses

IP Address Subnet Requirements

Limitations to an IP Network PlanLimitations to an IP Network Plan

The number of logical subnets

The number of physical subnets

The host populations on both the logical and the physical subnets

The number of logical subnets

The number of physical subnets

The host populations on both the logical and the physical subnets

IP Configuration Methodology

Configuration type When to use

ManualDHCP server not availableSmall number of hostsWant control over addressing

DHCP reservationDHCP server availableHost needs to keep the same addressWant to configure options on DHCP server

DHCP dynamicDHCP server availablePermissible to change host addressingWant to configure options on DHCP server

APIPA

DHCP server not availableClient APIPA capableIP address control is not neededNo need to centrally configure options

Guidelines for Planning a Functional TCP/IP Solution

IP address and subnet mask configurationIP address and subnet mask configuration

Addressing structures for private network operationAddressing structures for private network operation

Addressing structures to allow subnet routingAddressing structures to allow subnet routing

Methodology for consistent design of IP networksMethodology for consistent design of IP networks

Multimedia: Planning a TCP/IP Solution

The objective of this presentation is to explain how to plan a TCP/IP solution in a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 network

You will learn how to:

Create a TCP/IP plan customized to the needs of your organization

Select an address hierarchy suitable for a routed network

Size subnets for performance or client population

Practice: Planning a TCP/IP Solution

In this practice, you will plan:

The number of subnets required

The IP addressing and subnet mask

An IP address configuration methodology

Lesson: Evaluating Network Performance

Factors Affecting Network Performance

Determining Network Performance

Understanding Utilization Trends

Tools for Evaluating Network Performance

Network Upgrade Considerations

Recommended Ethernet Utilization Guidelines

Calculating Actual Data Throughput

Planning for Future Growth

Guidelines for Evaluating Network Performance

Factors Affecting Network Performance

Factors affecting network performanceFactors affecting network performance

Bandwidth

Latency

Throughput

Capacity

Wire speed

Utilization

Bandwidth

Latency

Throughput

Capacity

Wire speed

Utilization

Jitter

Jabber

Bottleneck

Collisions

Efficiency

Frame rate

Jitter

Jabber

Bottleneck

Collisions

Efficiency

Frame rate

Determining Network Performance

Number of Nodes

Thro

ughp

ut (

% W

iresp

eed)

100%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

90%

1518 byte frames

64 byte frames

1 10 100 600

Utilization

Late

ncy

in S

econ

ds(L

ogar

ithm

ic S

cale

)

10

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

1

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Quiet

Busy

Overloaded

600

Thro

ughp

ut (

% w

iresp

eed)

70%

50%

40%

Number of Nodes

100%

80%

60%

30%

90%

1,518-byte frames

64-byte frames

1 10 100

Utilization

Late

ncy

in s

econ

ds(L

ogar

ithm

ic s

cale

)100%

10

0.1

0.01

0.001

0.0001

1

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

Quiet

Busy

Overloaded

Graph A: Ethernet Throughput Graph B: Ethernet Utilization

Understanding Utilization Trends

Utilization trendsUtilization trends

More devices

Faster, less expensive computers

More applications

The Internet

More devices

Faster, less expensive computers

More applications

The Internet

Tools for Evaluating Network Performance

Network performance evaluation toolsNetwork performance evaluation tools

Traffic-monitoring tools and protocol analyzers

Hardware-assisted protocol analyzers

Network-management software

Handheld diagnostic tools

Traffic-monitoring tools and protocol analyzers

Hardware-assisted protocol analyzers

Network-management software

Handheld diagnostic tools

Network Upgrade Considerations

What to consider:What to consider:

Utilization

Current traffic sources

Future growth

Targets to be determined

Repercussions of change

Utilization

Current traffic sources

Future growth

Targets to be determined

Repercussions of change

Recommended Ethernet Utilization Guidelines

Connection type Wire speedAverage

utilizationlimit

Raw datathroughput

limit

Peakutilization

limit

Peak datathroughput

limit

Shared Ethernet 10 Mbps 30 percent 3.0 Mbps 80 percent 8 Mbps

Shared Ethernet usedfor multimedia traffic

10 Mbps 20 percent 2.0 Mbps 50 percent 5 Mbps

Switched Ethernet 10 Mbps 85 percent 8.5 Mbps 90 percent 9 Mbps

Switched FDX Ethernet 10 Mbps 190 percent 19 Mbps 190 percent 19 Mbps

Shared Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps 30 percent 30 Mbps 80 percent 80 Mbps

Shared Fast Ethernetfor multimedia traffic

100 Mbps 20 percent 20 Mbps 50 percent 50 Mbps

Switched Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps 85 percent 85 Mbps 90 percent 90 Mbps

Switched FDX Fast Ethernet

100 Mbps 190 percent 190 Mbps 190 percent 190 Mbps

Shared FDX Gigabit Ethernet

1,000 Mbps 60 percent 600 Mbps 120 percent 1,600 Mbps

Switched FDX GigabitEthernet

1,000 Mbps 190 percent 1900 Mbps 190 percent 1,900 Mbps

Calculating Actual Data Throughput

ADT shows you how much usable data is actually being carried on the network

Adding nodes and header information affects throughput

You should measure throughput after data transmission

Actual data throughput formulaActual data throughput formula

ADT = net utilization * efficiency rating * wire speedNet utilization = (utilization - collisions)Efficiency rating based on frame size

ADT = net utilization * efficiency rating * wire speedNet utilization = (utilization - collisions)Efficiency rating based on frame size

Planning for Future Growth

How to plan for future growthHow to plan for future growth

Anticipate significant future growth

Use scalable products and technologies

Be proactive, not reactive

Test new applications

Stay knowledgeable about current technologies

Anticipate significant future growth

Use scalable products and technologies

Be proactive, not reactive

Test new applications

Stay knowledgeable about current technologies

Guidelines for Evaluating Network Performance

Determine future growth needsDetermine future growth needs

Compare these capabilities to those of the existing networkCompare these capabilities to those of the existing network

Determine if current technologies will solve enterprise network issuesDetermine if current technologies will solve enterprise network issues

Review current Ethernet technologies’ capabilitiesReview current Ethernet technologies’ capabilities

Practice: Evaluating Network Performance

In this practice, you will

Determine if current utilization is appropriate

Identify ways of improving network performance

Lab A: Planning a TCP/IP Physical and Logical Network

Exercise 1: Evaluating Network Performance

Exercise 2: Planning a Logical TCP/IP Network

Exercise 3: Measuring Network Utilization