Module 10 Current development of Smart shipping

Module 10 Current development

of Smart shipping

Yi-Chih Yang

Professor,

Department of Shipping and

Transportation Management,

National Kaohsiung University of

Science and Technology, Taiwan

Outline1. Definitions of Autonomous ship

2. The feature of Autonomous ship

3. Characteristics of Autonomous ship

4. Benefits of Autonomous ship

5. Current development of Autonomous ship

6. The impact of Autonomous ship on port operation

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1. Definitions of Autonomous ship The definitions of autonomous vessels were used in

various names such as unmanned vessels, smart ships, remote control vessels and digital vessels. However, the IMO maritime safety committee (MSC) held in June last year unified as MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) Since then, each Member State has used the definition provided by IMO.


The International Maritime Organization (IMO) – the global regulatory body for international shipping – has commenced work to look into how safe, secure and environmentally sound Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) operations may be addressed in IMO instruments.

The Organization’s senior technical body, the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), endorsed a framework for a regulatory scoping exercise, as work in progress, including preliminary definitions of MASS and degrees of autonomy, as well as a methodology for conducting the exercise and a plan of work.


The IMO has been actively engaged in China, Finland and Sweden, which have been fully supported by the government in relation to autonomous vessels,"

Park Han-sun, head of the Korea Maritime Institute. said, "The size of the autonomous shipping market is expected to increase from 166 trillion won in 2023 to 8000 trillion won in 2035 as the shipbuilding industry in 2035."


2. The feature and current development of AS 2.1 The feature of Autonomous Ship

Yara and Kongsberg plans to deploy the first autonomous and fully electric cargo ship in 2018.

The vessel – christened YARA Birkeland – will start as a manned ship in 2018. The plan is to test the new vessel and slowly transfer more and more responsibility to the AI system.

Their goal is to have remote operation in 2019 and basically fully autonomous operations by 2020.


A crewless ship to be christened the YaraBirkeland is expected to start sailing in 2018, initially delivering fertilizer along a 37-mile route in southern Norway.


The feature of Yara AS remote operation in 2019 and basically fully

autonomous operations by 2020.

The electric-powered ship will be miniscule by modern standards,

with the capacity for 100 to 150 shipping containers.

The ship will cost $25 million, about three times as much as a conventional ship of similar size, but will save up to 90% in annual operating costs by eliminating both fuel and crew.

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In 2014, Rolls-Royce unveiled the design of the world’s first remote-controlled unmanned cargo ship.

The concept of unmanned cargo ships revolves around a no-crew ship that can be controlled from the shore. The project is being developed in collaboration with a research project called MUNIN – Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks supported by the European Commissions and which aims at developing and testing the autonomous ship concept.

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http://www.unmanned-ship.org/munin/

2.2 Categories of AS in the IMO1. Ship with automated processes and decision support:

Seafarers are on board to operate and control shipboard systems and functions. Some operations may be automated.

2. Remotely controlled ship with seafarers on board: The ship is controlled and operated from another location, but seafarers are on board. Via satellite

3. Remotely controlled ship without seafarers on board: The ship is controlled and operated from another location. There are no seafarers on board.


Fully autonomous ship: The operating system of the ship is able to make decisions and determine actions by itself.


the remote ship where the tasks of operating the ship are performed via a remote control mechanism e.g. by a shore based human operator and

the automated ship where advanced decision support systems on board undertake all the operational decisions independently without intervention of a human operator.


Levels of control

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A number of systems for categorizing the level of control applicable to

Unmanned Vessels have been developed, notably by the European Defense

Agency’s Safety and Regulations for European Unmanned Maritime Systems

(SARUMS) group.


Levels of Control definitions.


3. Characteristics of autonomous ship No captain and crew member on the board

Remote controlled on the shore control center

Emergence of remote controlled cargo ship in 2020

Without rooms for crew member

Remote controlled commercial ship will be vulnerable to hackers

They will hijack it or change its route, deliberately cause collision

Security and regulatory will be strengthened and modified to deal with ship security and safety events.


An illustration of the benefits of autonomous ships – from Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Ltd.


4. Benefits of AS1. Efficiencies of Ships Without a Crew

When automation becomes viable, the industry isn’t planning to just make the same cargo ships they currently do minus crew. They are planning on making a whole new class of vessels re-envisioned from the ground up.

It seems likely that crew reduction will occur before total crew replacement. Until robots become dextrousenough to fix engines or complete other routine onboard tasks, humans may need to be in the loop –even if just in the case of emergencies.


2. Reduced Human Error and Risk

Autonomy also holds the promise of reducing human error and therefore bringing down costs related to accidents and insurance.

According to Allianz Global Corporate & Speciality, between 75% and 96% of all accidents in the shipping sector can be attributed to human error. These incidents rank as the top cause of liability loss.


According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 96% of all marine casualty occur due to human errors. The aforementioned factor is very serious and hence has given the rise to the thought of autonomous ships. Autonomous ships are state-of-the-art maritime transport to meet competitiveness, safety and sustainability challenges of marine transportation.

Autonomous ships are capable of tackling many issues related to marine transportation such as human errors, casualty losses, adverse weather conditions and criminal activities.


3. Reduced the Risks of Piracy

without human crews to threaten or hold hostage, the issue of piracy along certain trade routes would also likely be reduced or mostly eliminated. Kidnapping crew members for ransom money is a main driving force behind modern piracy.

According to the State of Maritime Piracy report, last year there were 18 incidents of kidnapping for ransom off the coast of West Africa and 21 incidents in Asia.


4. Reduced crew costs

Autonomous ships can obviously offer the advantage of reducing/eliminating the expense of salaries and benefits for crew members.

autonomous ships offer a variety of other merits such as efficient use of space in ship design, better fuel efficiency and reduction in transportation time.


5. Current development of AS In countries such as Denmark, Norway, Finland, the

United Kingdom, Japan and China, we concentrate our R & D investment, legislation and policy development and technology impact assessment to preempt technology development and international standardization for autonomous vessels. has exist


(1) Current development of AS in Japanese Consortium – 2025 the Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,

Transportation and Tourism announced a joint project between Mitsui O.S.K. Lines and Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co. to develop autonomous ships.

The research consortium is bringing together companies, government agencies, and universities to create a technological concept for autonomous vessels.

The R&D effort is expected to cost hundreds of millions. The goal is shared expertise among several Japanese shipping companies to have autonomous ships by 2025.


developing a technological concept for autonomous ocean transport system, was selected by Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism (MLIT) for its FY2017 Transportation Research and Technology Promotion Program (Note) on May 16, 2017.

The research consortium of the project is comprised of MOL, Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding, the National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK), Japan Ship Technology Research Association, and AkishimaLaboratories (Mitsui Zosen) Inc.


(2) Current development of AS in China China has started the construction of a test field for

autonomous ships in Zhuhai, Guangdong. on 12Feb 2018

The project will be the first of its kind in Asia and could become the world’s largest offshore test field for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), according to Zhuhai China.

Expected to be the country’s main base for research into autonomous ship technology in the coming three to five years, the Wanshan Marine Test Field will provide an area of 771 square kilometers.


The test field would enable the testing of technologies such as autonomous obstacle avoidance and steering, China.org.cn reported.

As informed, the project is a result of a partnership between Zhuhai government, China Classification Society (CCS), Wuhan University of Technology and Zhuhai Yunzhou Intelligence Technology.

Last year, industry bodies in China, led by HNA Technology Logistics Group and CSS established the unmanned cargo ship development alliance. The alliance is founder and facilitator of technical product rules, in addition to organizing and leading future development of unmanned shipping.


(3) Current development of AS in Korea Development of autonomous ship-based maritime port

management service aims to develop operational technology that allows marine vessels to monitor and share information at the land control center during normal operation and remotely adjust the ship in case of emergency.- The development items of main technology and operation technology are context recognition technology, remote control technology, autonomous navigation technology, forecast preservation technology, flight control technology combined with sensor, in-vessel IoT, big data, artificial intelligence technology, communication and remote control technology. 322019/12/6 Module8 Current development of smart shippinge

Conditional Simulation and situational awarenessfor Navigation Control System Concept


(4) Current development of AS in USA The maritime industry, both commercial and

governmental, is readying itself: April 2016 saw two separate events showing this. the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA christened the US Navy’s first unmanned surface vehicle Sea Hunter – a 40-metre long trimaran. The US Navy hopes to mobilise the vessel for anti- submarine warfare by 2018.


Japan’s NYK has completed a trial on the world’s first autonomous ship, a 70,826-tonne pure car truck carriers (PCTC) Iris Leader, sailing from China to Japan.

Using the Sherpa System for Real ship (SSR) navigation system, the Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) trial was performed from 14-17 September from China’s Xinsha to Japan’s Nagoya, and then from Nagoya to Yokohama from 19-20 September in 2019.


6. The impact of Autonomous ship on port operation

InboundOutbound

Foreign Navigation

Supportsystem

Domestic

Factory

Market

Stevedoring

system

StorageSystem

Port operation management

Port operation system

InlandAccessSystem

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Comparison of external appearance between manned ship and autonomous ship Manned ship Autonomous ship


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Autonomous Ship

Manned ship

Harbor Operation

Stevedoring Operation

Traditional CT

AutomaticCT

The impact of Autonomous Ship on container port operation

Container Port Operation

• VTS• Pilot• Tug boat• Fuel /water

supplier• Daily

necessities supplier

• Mooring and un mooring

• Loading and unloading

• CY Storage • CFS • Logistics

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Coordination between Remote control and Autonomous operation Remote control Autonomous operation

Port operations

Navigation in congested areas

Advanced maneuvering situations

Navigation at open sea

Total ship traffic overview

Route and speed optimization


Thanks for your attentionWelcome to Kaohsiung harbor [email protected] Charlie YC Yang

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mailto:[email protected]

Module 10 Current development of Smart shipping

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