Module 1 Part B Introduction to targeted NTDs · (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus)...
Transcript of Module 1 Part B Introduction to targeted NTDs · (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus)...
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District Level Management NTD Training Course
Module 1 Part B Introduction to targeted NTDs
Session 4.
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis (STH) Epidemiology and Control
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District Level Management NTD Training Course Meeting NTD STAG, 29-30 April 2013, Geneva, Switzerland 2
District Level Management NTD Training Course
Objective
• Remind district NTD programme managers of basic epidemiology and recommended interventions for diseases targeted with preventive chemotherapy – Soil-transmitted helminthiasis
– Control goal
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District Level Management NTD Training Course Meeting NTD STAG, 29-30 April 2013, Geneva, Switzerland 3
District Level Management NTD Training Course
Map of STH Distribution in Tanzania
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District Level Management NTD Training Course
• >2 Billion infected and
• 300 M with severe morbidity
Global STH burden
• >130,000 attributable deaths
• >600 M school-age children (SAC)
• >40 M pregnant women at risk of serious consequences
STH Burden in Tanzania
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District Level Management NTD Training Course
Common features of STHs
• Endemic in rural areas: most common diseases among the people leaving <$2/day
• Chronic diseases →long-term disability • ↑risks related to pregnancy (adverse outcomes) • Affect adult productive capacity • In children
• hinder normal growth • intellectual & cognitive development
• Geographically confined • although communicable • strictly linked to the environment • complex reproductive cycles
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District Level Management NTD Training Course
STHs: why treat them?
• To cure and prevent chronic morbidity by reducing the worm ‘burden’
• To prevent healthy people becoming infected by reducing the source of infection (interrupting transmission)
• To promote health education and integration with other programmes
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District Level Management NTD Training Course Meeting NTD STAG, 29-30 April 2013, Geneva, Switzerland 7
District Level Management NTD Training Course
STHs targeted in PC Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides) Roundworm
Trichuriasis (Trichuris trichiura) Whipworm
Hookworm disease (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus)
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Nigeria WHO Integrated NTD Programme Managers’ Course
Abuja, Nigeria 3-8 February
TREATMENT
SANITATION
HEALTH EDUCATION
Control Options
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District Level Management NTD Training Course Meeting NTD STAG, 29-30 April 2013, Geneva, Switzerland 9
District Level Management NTD Training Course
Albendazole (ALB) 400mgs
I tablet
Mebendazole (MBD)
500mgs I tablet
Pyrantel 10mg/kg Single dose for school-aged children (SAC): 80 mg
Levamizole 2.5mg/kg
WHO recommended PC for STH
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District Level Management NTD Training Course
Category Prevalence of any STH in
SAC
Action Also treat
High ≥50% Treat all SAC enrolled and non-enrolled twice yearly
PSC WCBA including pregnant women in 2nd and 3rd trimester At risk workers: farmers, miners, etc
Low 20-50% Treat all SAC enrolled and non-enrolled annually
PSC WCBA including pregnant women in 2nd and 3rd trimester At risk workers: farmers, miners, etc
<20% Case by case treatment
WHO recommended PC for STH
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District Level Management NTD Training Course
Benefits of STH treatment
• ↓School absenteeism by 25% • ↓Wasting malnutrition by 60% • ↓Moderate anaemia by 59% • Improvement of growth
• 20% in weight • 7% in height
• Control of STH can contribute to poverty reduction • Benefits of a hookworm-free childhood: increase in per
capita income by 45%
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District Level Management NTD Training Course
Target populations
• School-aged children (SAC, 5<15 years)
• Pre-school children (PSC) 1-4 years
• Women of childbearing age (15-39 years)
• Women in ANCs in 2nd and 3rd trimesters
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District Level Management NTD Training Course
What do you think are the key messages from this session?
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District Level Management NTD Training Course
Key messages
• STH are endemic not only in tropical settings, but are diseases of poverty
• Transmission is by faecal contamination of soil and is facilitated by poor hygiene and sanitation
• PC targeted to high risk groups is the most cost-effective control measure
• ALB and MBD are the most cost effective broad-spectrum anthelminthics against STHs
• Main goal of MDA is to avoid the severe consequences of infections