Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different...
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![Page 1: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Modification and Validation of Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Diesel Particulate Matter
Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow RatesDifferent Flow Rates
Saulius Trakumas and Peter HallSKC Inc., Eighty Four, Pennsylvania
![Page 2: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objective:Objective:
Modify Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM) Cassette for PM-1.0 sampling at various flow rates.
![Page 3: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Outline:Outline:
Why PM-1.0 is important
DPM cassette: purpose, operation, and performance
Experimental validation of modified DPM Cassette
Conclusions
![Page 4: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
There is evidence from epidemiological studies that adverse health effects are associated with increased exposure to fine and ultra fine particles.
Particulates smaller than 1.0 micrometer (PM-1.0) represent a significant fraction of the emissions from many industrial sources.
![Page 5: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Airborne Particle Size Distribution in a Diesel Equipped MineAirborne Particle Size Distribution in a Diesel Equipped Mine
Aerodynamic Particle Diameter, da, m
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Du
st M
ass,
M, m
g/m
3
0
1
2
3
Diesel Particulate
Mine Dust
![Page 6: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Total PM mass measurements can be strongly influenced by mechanically produced large particles, which may not be associated with adverse health effects.
![Page 7: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Size-selective Sampling Using ImpactorSize-selective Sampling Using Impactor
AccelerationNozzle
ImpactionPlate
AirStreamline
Impacted Particle
Particle too Small to Impact
![Page 8: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Particle Collection Efficiency CurveParticle Collection Efficiency Curve
Aerodynamic Particle Diameter, da, m
Co
llect
ion
Eff
icie
ncy
, E=
(1-C
DO
WN/C
UP)1
00, %
0
25
50
75
100
d50
Actual
Ideal
AccelerationNozzle
ImpactionPlate
AirStreamline
Impacted Particle
Particle too Small to Impact
![Page 9: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Diesel Particulate Matter CassetteDiesel Particulate Matter Cassette
![Page 10: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Diesel Particulate Matter CassetteDiesel Particulate Matter Cassette
Inlet
Cassette Body
Impactor Assembly
Filter (in capsule)
Outlet
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Diesel Particulate Matter CassetteDiesel Particulate Matter Cassette
Impactor Assembly
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DPM Cassette Performance at 2.0 Lpm DPM Cassette Performance at 2.0 Lpm
Aerodynamic Particle Diameter, da, m
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Co
llect
ion
Eff
icie
ncy
, E, %
0
25
50
75
100
Dioctyl Phthalate
Aerodynamic Particle Diameter, da, m
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Co
llect
ion
Eff
icie
ncy
, E, %
0
25
50
75
100
Glass Spheres
Aerodynamic Particle Diameter, da, m
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Co
llect
ion
Eff
icie
ncy
, E, %
0
25
50
75
100
PSL particles
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Impaction Theory Predicts:Impaction Theory Predicts:
The original DPM Cassette will sample PM-1.0 when operated at approximately 1.0 Lpm flow rate.
In order to sample PM-1.0 at higher flow rates the size of impactor orifices should be increased.
![Page 14: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
During this study the DPM Cassette impactors with orifice sizes of 0.6, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.4 mm were tested at different flow rates.
![Page 15: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Experimental Experimental SetupSetup
Clean Air(20-100 Lpm )
ChargeNeutralizer
TurbulenceGenerators
Honeycom bFlow Straightener
Clear PlexiglassCylinder
(D=12 , H=48 )” ”
AccessPort
Foam
Sam plingLines
TestDevice
To Filter
APS is switched between twosampling lines
Add/SubtractM akeup Flow
AerosolGenerator
Aerodynam icParticle
Sizer
E = 100%1 - CDOWN
CUP
![Page 16: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Aerodynamic Particle Diameter, da, m
0 1 2 3 4 5
Co
llect
ion
Eff
icie
ncy
, E, %
0
25
50
75
100
Dioctyl Phthalate
Glass Spheres
QS=3.0 Lpm ,
QS=2.0 Lpm ,
QS=1.0 Lpm ,
Performance of the Original DPM Cassette (d=0.6 mm)Performance of the Original DPM Cassette (d=0.6 mm)
![Page 17: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Performance of the Modified DPM Cassette (d=1.0 mm)Performance of the Modified DPM Cassette (d=1.0 mm)
Aerodynamic Particle Diameter, da, m
0 1 2 3 4 5
Co
llect
ion
Eff
icie
ncy
, E, %
0
25
50
75
100
Dioctyl Phthalate
Glass Spheres
, QS=5.0 Lpm , QS=4.0 Lpm
QS=3.0 Lpm ,
QS=2.0 Lpm ,
QS=1.0 Lpm ,
![Page 18: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Performance of the Modified DPM Cassette (d=1.4 mm)Performance of the Modified DPM Cassette (d=1.4 mm)
Aerodynamic Particle Diameter, da, m
0 1 2 3 4 5
Co
llect
ion
Eff
icie
ncy
, E, %
0
25
50
75
100
Dioct
yl
Phtha
late
Gla
ss
Spher
es
, QS=10.0 Lpm , QS=8.0 Lpm
QS=5.0 Lpm ,
QS=3.0 Lpm ,QS=1.0 Lpm ,
![Page 19: Modification and Validation of Diesel Particulate Matter Cassette for PM-1.0 Sampling at Different Flow Rates Saulius Trakumas and Peter Hall SKC Inc.,](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551b406e550346dd1a8b5656/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sampling Flow Rate, QS, Lpm
0 2 4 6 8 10
50%
Cu
t D
iam
eter
, d5
0,
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
Dioctyl Phthalate
Glass Spheres
d=1.4 mm
d=1.0 mm
d=0.6 mm
50% Cut-off Size at Different Flow Rates50% Cut-off Size at Different Flow Rates
Sampling Flow Rate, QS, Lpm
0 2 4 6 8 10
50%
Cu
t D
iam
eter
, d5
0,
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
Theory for solid collection surface
Sampling Flow Rate, QS, Lpm
0 2 4 6 8 10
50%
Cu
t D
iam
eter
, d5
0,
m
0
1
2
3
4
5
Theory for porous collection surface
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Impactor Orifice Diameter as a Function of the Flow Rate Impactor Orifice Diameter as a Function of the Flow Rate for Sampling PM-1.0 for Sampling PM-1.0
Sampling Flow Rate, QS, Lpm
0 2 4 6 8 10
Imp
acto
r O
rifi
ce D
iam
eter
, dO
R, m
m
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Experimental data
Theoreticallypredicted
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ConclusionsConclusions
The original DPM Cassette can be used for PM-1.0 sampling when operated at 1.0 Lpm.
Results of this study can be used to modify the DPM Cassette for sampling PM-1.0 at preferred flow rates ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 Lpm.