Modern World

History

2014

SECTION 1:

THE LEGACY OF

ANCIENT GREECE AND

ROME

Athens

Builds a

Democracy

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT

M

o

n

a

r

c

h

y

Aristocracy

Oligarchy Democracy

Athens = largest city-state

Citizens (adult male residents) help in government

Economic troubles cause many poor farmers to sell themselves into slavery

BUILDING A DEMOCRACY

Solon- 594 BC

Outlawed debtors’ slavery

Canceled farmers’ debts

Citizenship based on wealth

Council of 400

Still a limited democracy 1/10 th

could participate

REFORMS OF SOLON

Cleisthenes, 508 BC

“Found of democracy in Athens”

Balanced power of rich and poor

Council of 500

Council members chosen at random

Limited Democracy1/5 th are citizens

REFORMS OF CLEISTHENES

Pericles – 461-429 BC

Pays jurors

Creates a more direct democracy

Citizens rule and make laws directly (not through representatives)

PERICLES STRENGTHENS DEMOCRACY

Standards in government and philosophy

1st to develop three branches of government

Legislative

Executive

Judicial

LEGACY OF GREECE

Republic – form of gov.where citizens can elect people who make decisions for them

Political Struggles

Plebians – commoners

Patricians – inherited power and social status

ROME DEVELOPS A REPUBLIC

Twelve Tables (written legal code)

Roman rule expands, and problems follow

Civil war

Rule of dictators

27 BC, Rome falls under rule of Emperor

ROMAN GOVERNMENT DEVELOPS

Emperor Justinian

528 AD

Compiled all Roman law into four books

Became a guide for modern European governments

EMPEROR JUSTINIAN

Judaism (Israelites/Jews/Hebrews) began in a corner of Southeast Asia

Christianity emerges from Judaism in approx. 20 AD Spreads through the

Roman Empire

SECTION 2

JUDAISM & CHRISTIANITY

Christianity spreads

through the Roman

Empire

Exiled (“Christ the

King” is a dangerous

term)

All roads lead to Rome

(common

language/trade

routes/large area of

control)

SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY

Emperors, starting

with Constantine,

adopted the religion

around 300 AD

“Holy Roman Empire”

“Roman Catholic

Church”

CHRISTIANITY IS ACCEPTED IN EUROPE

1. Duty of the

individual and

community to

combat oppression

2. Worth of the

individual

3. Equality of people

before God

PRINCIPLES THAT

LATER AFFECT GOV.

Key Term Meaning

Renaissance

Individualism

Reformation

RENAISSANCE & REFORMATION

LEGACY OF THE REFORMATION &

RENAISSANCE

Challenged the authority of monarchs &

popes

Indirectly helped the growth of democracy

Calling believers to read Bible for

themselves

Increased literacy

Exposed to more than just

religious ideas

Placed more importance on the

individual

Democracy

Develops in

England

SECTION 3

England develops

democratic

institutions that

limit monarchy

SECTION 3: MAIN IDEA

Battle of Hastings (1066)

Normans + Anglo-Saxons

Henry II

Ruled from 1154-1189

Jury trials

Jury answered questions

about the accused

Decisions set precedents

Common Law – customs and

principles over time

REFORMS IN ENGLAND

ENGLISH MONARCHY BEFORE THE

MAGNA CARTA

King Henry II

1154-1189

King Richard

(The Lion Heart)

1189-1199

King John

1199-1216

THE MAGNA CARTA

King John

Demands money for

war with France

Raises taxes

Abuses power

1215 nobles rebel

and demand a

written contract

Magna Carta

63 Clauses

2 “Basic Rights”

Popular consent before

taxation

Due Process of the Law

Parliament

England’s national

legislature

THE MAGNA CARTA

King Edward I (John’s grandson) calls the Model Parliament

Knights, nobles, and burgesses

Leads to the House of Commons & the House of Lords

THE MODEL PARLIAMENT

PARLIAMENT VS MONARCHY

ROUND 1. DING-DING.

“Power of the Purse”

Esp. House of the

Common

Monarchy declares

divine right

Chosen by God,

answerable only to

God

Absolutism

Queen Elizabeth I

dies in 1603

The Stuarts, a

Scottish royal family,

is the next in line

Believe in divine right

King James VI King

James I (1603-1625)

Clashes with English

Parliament (see next

slide)

THE STUART KINGS

1. Puritans want

change

2. Uses the Star

Chamber (royal vs.

common law)

3. Money troubles

(Elizabeth’s debts,

wars, and a lavish

court)

KING JAMES I VS. PARLIAMENT

King James’ son, King Charles I, reign begins in 1625

1628 – signs the Petition of Rights in exchange for money

Ignores documents and dismisses Parliament until 1640

KING CHARLES I AGGRAVATES

PARLIAMENT

Charles I loses his head in 1649

Oliver Cromwell founds the “Commonwealth of England”

1653 – Lord Protector.

Basically, a dictatorship

Dies in 1658

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR - 1642

1660 – Parliament

asks Charles I’s son

to take the throne

King Charles II

(1660-d.1685)

1679 – Habeas Corpus

Arrested person must be

presented in court, know

what they’re accused of,

and have a trial

THE RESTORATION

King James II (1685-

1689)

Catholic, divine right

Parliament fears Catholic

rule, asks Mary and her

husband, William of

Orange, to overthrow her

father

Establish a

Constitutional

Monarchy

English Bill of Rights

(1689)

THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

The

Enl ightenment

and Democrat ic

Revolut ions

SECTION 4

• Enlightenment

• Social contract

• Natural rights

• Separation of powers

• Representative government

• Federal system

• United Nations

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key terms and names