Lesson Overview Lesson Overview What Is Science? Lesson Overview 1.1 What Is Science?
Models of Science: An Overview
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Transcript of Models of Science: An Overview
Models of Science: An OverviewModels of Science: An Overview
Andrea ScharnhorstKaty Börner
Workshop on “Modelling Science”
October 6-9, 2009Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Andrea ScharnhorstKaty Börner
Workshop on “Modelling Science”
October 6-9, 2009Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Mathematical ApproachesMathematical Approaches
Process characteristics of
Stochastic processes
Distributions, Growth
Lotka, Price, Egghe/Rousseau Glänzel/Schubert, Rogers….
Agents interactions
Agent-rule based modelling
GrowthDistributions
Gilbert, Grim, Kutcher, …
Group interactions
Populations dynamics models(stochastic)GrowthCompetition
Goffman,Yablonsky, Bruckner et al. ,…
Process interactions
System dynamicsGrowthCompetition
Sterman
Agents interactions
Social network analysis
Structure versus performance
…..
Agents interactions
Complex network models
Evolving structures
Barabasi, Newman, Fronczak …..
…..
PR^2: Which type of models do you use (mathematical approach)?
Mathematical Approaches: Origins and PrevalenceMathematical Approaches: Origins and Prevalence
# publications
Sto
chas
tic
Epi
dem
ic
Age
nt-b
ased
Net
wor
k
19481940
1954
19671970
1990
2000
ORIGIN
APPLICATION
Identify and define major terms and concepts.
Describe science studies/ models in a uniform, replicable way.
See Special Issue of Journal of Informetrics, 3(3), 2009.for a first attempt.
Editorial is available at http://ivl.slis.indiana.edu/km/pub/2009-borner-scharnhorst-joi-sos-intro.pdf
Science of Science Conceptualization(s)
Toward a Model Type Taxonomy: PR^2sToward a Model Type Taxonomy: PR^2s
Which phenomena/question/effect does your model describe?
– PhenomenaWhich type of models do you use? Where these models used otherwise, what is their disciplinary origin?
– Type of models / class of modelsWhat are the building blocks of your model? What are the main entities/subjects/objects? Which kinds of interaction does the model cover?
– OperationalizationHow you would characterize your model: as a thought experiment, as an explanation for a measured effect, ...
– Epistemic purposeHow did you validate your model? (Common sense, theoretical insights, observations, data)
– Validation approachWhich visualization you used in the analysis of the phenomena AND the presentation of your model results?
– Visualization
Which phenomena/question/effect does your model describe?
– PhenomenaWhich type of models do you use? Where these models used otherwise, what is their disciplinary origin?
– Type of models / class of modelsWhat are the building blocks of your model? What are the main entities/subjects/objects? Which kinds of interaction does the model cover?
– OperationalizationHow you would characterize your model: as a thought experiment, as an explanation for a measured effect, ...
– Epistemic purposeHow did you validate your model? (Common sense, theoretical insights, observations, data)
– Validation approachWhich visualization you used in the analysis of the phenomena AND the presentation of your model results?
– Visualization
Communication Text Actors
words journals references authors institutions countries…
Co-word mapsSemantic maps(Callon, Rip,White)
Citation environmentsof journals (Leydesdorff)
Maps of science(Boyack, Börner, Klavans;Leydesdorff, Rafols)
Bibliographic couplingCitation networks
Co-citation networks(Marshokova, Small/Griffith)
Productivity(Lotka)
Coauthorship(…..)
Disciplinary profilesPerformanceImpact (…..)
International collaboration (…..)
What is a topic?What is a paradigm?
What are fields and disciplines?
What are the hot areas and research fronts?What are the knowledge flows?
Core and peripheryof knowledge exchange in a globalized economy
Biographies, key player, Individual vs group dynamics
Key players, evaluation
Example: Modeled Phenomena/Question/EffectExample: Modeled Phenomena/Question/Effect
PriceGoffman
http://dev.epic.slis.indiana.edu http://dev.epic.slis.indiana.edu
Scholarly Marketplaces / Inventories of Science Studies/Models
The Quest for a Science Models InventoryThe Quest for a Science Models Inventory
Please download and complete xls form linked from
http://sci.slis.indiana.edu/amsterdam.xls
Every morning, we will generate new networks from• Co-author• Author-model• Author-insitution• Author-software• Author-data.
Please download and complete xls form linked from
http://sci.slis.indiana.edu/amsterdam.xls
Every morning, we will generate new networks from• Co-author• Author-model• Author-insitution• Author-software• Author-data.
THANK YOU!THANK YOU!
The perspective of scale, time and “specimen”The perspective of scale, time and “specimen”
Macro
Arrow of time
Meso
Micro
… and many other perspectives… and many other perspectives
Substrates
Data bases
Visualizations
Software tools