Modelling Clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks with Synchronised Hyperedge Replacement

8/3/2019 Modelling Clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks with Synchronised Hyperedge Replacement

1/15

Nknay}flha Afbb~lhajyhflq f` ycn NJQQY

Pfk~bn :0 #=778(

W}fannihleq f` ycn

Ifayf}jk Qxbwfqh~b jy ycn

Hlyn}ljyhfljk Afl`n}nlan fl E}jwc Y}jlq`f}bjyhfl

#HAEY =773(

Bfinkkhle Ak~qyn}hle f` Uh}nknqq Qnlqf} Lnyuf}dq uhyc Qxlac}flhqniCxwn}nien ]nwkjanbnly

Bfcjbbji Cjbbf~inc+ ]fmn}y Lnubjl+ jli Qj}jc Bf~ly

:9 wjenq

E~nqy Nihyf}q? Jli}nj Af}}jihlh+ Nbhkhf Y~fqyf

Bjljehle Nihyf}q? Yhzhjlj Bj}ej}hj+ O~khj Wjimn}e+ Ejm}hnkn Yjnlyzn}NANJQQY Cfbn Wjen? cyyw?&&uuu,njqqy,f}e&nanjqqy& HQQL :301"=:==
http://www.easst.org/eceasst/http://www.easst.org/eceasst/


2/15

NANJQQY

Bfinkkhle Ak~qyn}hle f` Uh}nknqq Qnlqf} Lnyuf}dq uhyc

Qxlac}flhqni Cxwn}nien ]nwkjanbnly

Bfcjbbji Cjbbf~inc+ ]fmn}y Lnubjl+ jli Qj}jc Bf~ly

tb,c,c+ },lnubjl+ q,bf~ylrGukp,ja,~d+ cyyw?&&uuu,ukp,ja,~d&

Qacffk f` Afbw~yhle jli HY

^lhpn}qhyx f` Ufkpn}cjbwyfl+ Ufkpn}cjbwyfl+ ^D

Jmqy}jay? Ychq wjwn} w}fwfqnq Qxlac}flhqni Cxwn}nien ]nwkjanbnly #QC]( jq j

q~hyjmkn bfinkkhle `}jbnuf}d `f} Uh}nknqq Qnlqf} Lnyuf}dq #UQLq(, QC] `jahk"hyjynq nswkhahy bfinkkhle f` UQLq jwwkhajyhflq nlph}flbnlyjk aflihyhflq #ycjy qhe"

lhajlykx j``nay jwwkhajyhflq wn}`f}bjlan( uchkn w}fphihle j q~àhnlykx chec knpnk

f` jmqy}jayhfl `f} ycn qwnahajyhfl f` ycn ~lin}khle aff}ihljyhfl bnacjlhqbq, Mn"

aj~qn hy hq jl hly}jayjmkn w}fmknb yf qfkpn hl ihqy}hm~yni bjlln}+ jli ihqy}hm~yhfl

hq hbwf}yjly+ un w}fwfqn j lnu L~y}hnly"fu"mjqni Ihqy}hm~yni Ak~qyn}hle #LIA(

jkef}hycb yf mn ~qni jq j uf}dhle nsjbwkn, Ycn dnx afly}hm~yhfl f` ychq uf}d hq yf

inbflqy}jyn ycjy QC] hq q~àhnlykx nsw}nqqhpn yf inqa}hmn UQLq jkef}hycbq jli

ycnh} mncjphf~} jy j q~hyjmkn knpnk f` jmqy}jayhfl yf jkkfu fluj}i jljkxqhq,

Dnxuf}iq? Qxlac}flhqni Cxwn}nien ]nwkjanbnly+ Uh}nknqq Qnlqf} Lnyuf}dq+ Ak~q"

yn}hle

: Hly}fi~ayhfl

J q~aanqq`~kkx kj}en"qajkn Uh}nknqq Qnlqf} Lnyuf}d #UQL( inwkfxbnly lnanqqhyjynq ycjy ycn

inqhel aflanwyq j}n jljkxqni mn`f}n ycnx j}n bjwwni flyf qwnaha cj}iuj}n wkjy`f}bq, In"

pnkfwhle+ ynqyhle+ jli npjk~jyhle lnyuf}d w}fyfafkq jli q~wwf}yhle j}achynay~}nq jli qn}phanq

`f} UQLq j}n yxwhajkkx ~lin}yjdnl yc}f~ec ynqy"mniq f} qhb~kjyhfl, Ycn q~mqyjlyhjk afqy f` in"

wkfxhle jli bjhlyjhlhle kj}en"qajkn UQLq jli ycn yhbn lnnini `f} qnyyhle ~w ycn lnyuf}d `f}

nswn}hbnlyjk efjkq bjdnq qhb~kjyhfl hlpjk~jmkn hl inpnkfwhle }nkhjmkn jli wf}yjmkn jwwkhajyhflq

`f} UQLq, @f} hlqyjlan+ ynqy"mniq hbwknbnlyjyhfl hq lfy jkujxq phjmkn mnaj~qn hy ifnq lfy njqhkx

qajkn yf kj}en l~bmn} f` lfinq, Lflnycnknqq+ qhb~kjyhfl hl UQLq cjq hyq ful qny f` w}fmknbq,Qfbn qhb~kjyf}q j}n jadlfuknieni yf mn ihà~ky yf ~qn T A~}R #n,e,+ LQ"= TLQ"75R(+ wkjy`f}b

inwnlinly #n,e,+ YFQQHB TKKUA71R(+ aflyjhlhle hlcn}nly m~eq #n,e,+ LQ"=(+ ihqy}hm~yni ~lin}

afbbn}ahjk khanlqnq #n,e,+ FWLNY THla75R(+ nya,

Un aflynli ycjy jmqy}jay bfinkq ajl w}fphin afqy n``nayhpn bnycfiq `f} jljkxqhle UQLq jk"

ef}hycbq mn`f}n inwkfxbnly, Hy ajl+ `f} nsjbwkn+ cnkw hl jqqnqqhle ycn qajkjmhkhyx f` jkef}hycbq

hlinwnlinlykx `}fb yj}eny cj}iuj}n wkjy`f}bq jli uhyc j an}yjhl ine}nn f` jaa~}jax4 f} nkqn+ hy

bjx qhbwkh`x ycn qf`yuj}n inpnkfwbnly w}fanqq `f} UQLq jwwkhajyhflq, Fln f` ycn bjhl ih`"

a~kyhnq hl bfinkkhle UQLq kjxq hl ycnh} hly}hlqha hlyn}inwnlinlax uhyc ycn nlph}flbnly hl uchac

ycnx fwn}jyn, Hy cji mnnl fmqn}pni ycjy UQLq jwwkhajyhflq j}n acj}jayn}hqni mx ycn yjqdq hl"

pfkpni hl j wj}yha~kj} jwwkhajyhfl, UQLq jwwkhajyhflq jyy}hm~yn hlyne}jyhfl f` afbb~lhajyhfl+

afbw~yjyhfl+ jli hlyn}jayhfl uhyc ycn wcxqhajk nlph}flbnly,

: & :9 Pfk~bn :0 #=778(
mailto:\protect%20\T1\textbraceleft%20m.h.h,%20r.newman,%20s.moutn\protect%20\T1\textbraceright%[email protected]://www.wlv.ac.uk/http://www.wlv.ac.uk/mailto:\protect%20\T1\textbraceleft%20m.h.h,%20r.newman,%20s.moutn\protect%20\T1\textbraceright%[email protected]


3/15

Bfinkkhle Ak~qyn}hle f` UQLq uhyc Qxlac}flhqni Cxwn}nien ]nwkjanbnly

Ychq hlcn}nly nlph}flbnly"jwwkhajyhfl b~y~jkhyx q~eenqyq ycjy j }njqfljmkn bfink `f} UQLq

cjq yf nlafbwjqq ycn nlph}flbnlyjk aflihyhflq j``nayhle ycn wn}`f}bjlan f` UQLq qxqynbq, Yf

ycn mnqy f` f~} dlfuknien+ j q~hyjmkn jmqy}jay bfink nlafbwjqqhle ycfqn wna~khj}hyhnq f` UQLq

hq qyhkk bhqqhle, Jpjhkjmkn bfinkq+ khdn ycfqn inlni hl TEMY$79+ ENFU79+ AE79R lneknay ycn

nlph}flbnlyjk hqq~nq, Un aflynli ycjy j bfinkkhle `}jbnuf}d `f} UQLq yf afpn} ychq aflan}lq

hq }nz~h}ni, Hl TY~f7>R+ j }qy jyynbwy yf qwnah`x q~ac j bfink cjq mnnl y}hni qcfuhle cfu

Qxlac}flhqni Cxwn}nien ]nwkjanbnly #QC]( ajl q~hyjmkx }nw}nqnly qnpn}jk jqwnayq f` UQLq

bnacjlhqbq hl j ~lhz~n `f}bjk `}jbnuf}d,

Ychq wjwn} jipfajynq ycn ~qn f` e}jwc y}jlq`f}bjyhflq jq j q~hyjmkn bfinkkhle `}jbnuf}d `f}

UQLq, Qwnahajkkx+ un q~eenqy ~qhle QC] yf `f}bjkkx qwnah`x pj}hf~q aff}ihljyhfl jqwnayq

f` UQLq jwwkhajyhflq jli jwwkhajyhflq nlph}flbnlyq jy ih` n}nly jmqy}jayhfl knpnkq, Un qcfucfu QC] ajl nswkhahykx bfink pn}x kfu knpnk jqwnayq+ q~ac jq uh}nknqq afbb~lhajyhflq+ jkfle

uhyc jmqy}jay flnq+ q~ac jq qnlqf}q qwjyhjk ihqy}hm~yhfl, Un jkqf w}fwfqn j lnu UQLq ak~qyn}hle

jkef}hycb ajkkni L~y}hnly"fu"mjqni Ihqy}hm~yni Ak~qyn}hle #LIA( uchac enln}jynq mjkjlani

ak~qyn}q, LIA hq ~qni jq j uf}dhle nsjbwkn mnaj~qn hy hq j acjkknlehle w}fmknb yf qfkpn hl j ihq"

y}hm~yni bjlln}, QC] qnwj}jynq ycn aff}ihljyhfl jqwnayq f` jkef}hycbq+ q~ac jq LIA+ `}fb ycn

ijyj"}nkjyni jqwnayq, Hl `jay+ ycn bny}haq ~qni yf mjkjlan ycn ak~qyn}q j}n wj}jbny}ha uhyc }nqwnay

yf ycn QC] w}fi~ayhflq inqa}hmhle qnlqf}q aff}ihljyhfl, Ychq bjdnq f~} jww}fjac q~hyjmkn `f}

qy~ixhle j uhin }jlen f` jkef}hycbq akjqqnq fmyjhlni mx pj}xhle ycn bny}ha a}hyn}hj,

= ]nkjyni Uf}d

Hl UQLq+ ak~qyn}hle hq ycn w}fanqq f` e}f~whle lfinq hlyf ihqofhly jli cfbfenlnf~q e}f~wq

ajkkni ak~qyn}q, Kfu Nln}ex Jijwyhpn Ak~qyn}hle Chn}j}acx #KNJAC( TCAM7=R hq fln f` ycn

bfqy w}fbhqhle }f~yhle jkef}hycbq `f} UQLq, Cfunpn}+ KNJAC cjq mnnl mjqni fl j l~bmn}

f` ~l}njkhqyha jqq~bwyhflq uchac hl ycn j~ycf}q fwhlhfl khbhy hyq n``nayhpnlnqq hl j l~bmn} f`

jwwkhajyhflq, Ycnqn jqq~bwyhflq j}n khqyni hl TCDE75R, B~BC] TCDE75R hq jl hbw}fpnbnly

fpn} KNJAC, B~BC] w}fphinq qfk~yhflq yf qfbn f` ycn khbhyjyhflq f` KNJAC, Qhbhkj} yf

KNJAC+ B~BC] ifnq lfy enln}jyn mjkjlani ak~qyn}q, Ycn mjkjlani ak~qyn}hle jkef}hycb w}f"

wfqni hl TEQXQ7=R qy~ihnq ycn ycnf}nyhajk jqwnayq f` ycn ak~qyn}hle w}fmknb hl UQLq uhyc jw"

wkhajyhfl yf nln}ex fwyhbhqjyhfl, Qhlan ycn khlnj} qnwj}jmhkhyx w}hlahwkn ifnq lfy cfki hl mjkjlani

w}fmknbq+ ychq jkef}hycb hq lfy q~hyjmkn `f} ycn fwyhbjk mjkjlani ak~qyn}hle, Hl ycn mjkjlaniak~qyn}hle jkef}hycb+ npn}x lfin qcf~ki cjpn dlfuknien jmf~y jkk fycn} lfinq hl ycn ak~qyn},

Bf}nfpn}+ ychq jkef}hycb ifnq lfy aflqhin} ycn y}jlqbhqqhfl }jlen f` lfinq, @hljkkx+ ~qhle ycnh}

inlni ihjbnyn} bny}ha hlqynji f` ycn ihqyjlan mnyunnl ycn lfinq jli ycnh} ak~qyn} cnjiq af~ki

}nq~ky hl nln}ex hln`ahnly ak~qyn}hle,

J pj}hnyx f` w}fanqq jkenm}jq yf bfink uh}nknqq afbb~lhajyhflq cjpn mnnl }nanlykx w}fwfqni

q~ac jq TBQ78+ Efi73+ Efi75+ KY7>R, Hl ycn j~ycf}q fwhlhfl+ ycn}n hq lf fln bfink ycjy hq ~lh"

pn}qjkkx q~hyjmkn, W}jayhajk acfhan f` j bfinkkhle jww}fjac inwnliq fl ycn jwwkhajyhfl jq unkk jq

fl ycn jpjhkjmhkhyx f` yffkq `f} inpnkfwhle+ nihyhle+ jli inm~eehle }nu}hyhle jww}fjacnq, Hbwf}"

yjly `njy~}nq hlak~in ycn }njijmhkhyx jli kfehajk bjljenjmhkhyx f` }nu}hyn }~knq+ `f}bjk w}fwn}yhnq+

jli n``nayhpnlnqq f` }~kn jwwkhajyhfl,

Ycn khbhyni jpjhkjmhkhyx f` inpnkfwbnly yffkq khbhy ycn w}jayhajk ~qn f` ycfqn jww}fjacnq, Hl

W}fa, Ifayf}jk Qxbwfqh~b HAEY =773 = & :9


4/15

NANJQQY

ycn `~y~}n+ hy uhkk mnafbn aknj}n} uchac bfink hq bfqy q~hyjmkn jq ycn a}njyhfl lnu yffkq jli

hbw}fphle ycn jpjhkjmkn yffkq uhkk jkkfu }nqnj}acn}q yf ~lin}qyjli jli afkknay bf}n nswn}hnlan

uhyc nsna~yjmkn bfinkkhle qxqynbq,

1 L~y}hnly"fu"mjqni Ihqy}hm~yni Ak~qyn}hle

Ycn jhbq f` ycn L~y}hnly"fu"mjqni Ihqy}hm~yni Ak~qyn}hle #LIA( jkef}hycb j}n?

#:( Yf nz~jkhqn+ qf `j} jq hq wfqqhmkn+ ycn ihjbnyn} f` ycn ak~qyn}q,

#=( Yf nz~jkhqn+ qf `j} jq hq wfqqhmkn+ ycn bnbmn}qchw f` ycn ak~qyn}q,

Ycn ihqy}hm~yni bfink inqa}hmni cn}n hq mjqni j}f~li j bnyjwcf} f` l~y}hnly fu q~wwf}yhle

qfbn kh`n"`f}b+ q~ac jq j bf~ki, Ycn aflanwy hq yf w}fphin j khbhyni q~wwkx f` l~y}hnly+ jli jkkfuycn lfinq yf jkkx ycnbqnkpnq uhyc j ak~qyn} cnji uchac uhkk w}fphin ycn kj}enqy l~y}hnly q~wwkx,

H` w}fwn}kx }ne~kjyni+ ychq qcf~ki knji yf ak~qyn}q m}fjikx nz~jkhqhle ycnh} bnbmn}qchw, Hl f}in}

yf bhlhbhqn ycn }jih~q f` j ak~qyn}+ hy hq j}}jleni ycjy qfbn f` ycn q~wwkx f` l~y}hnly hq kfqy hl

y}jlqhy mnyunnl lfinq " ycn `~}ycn} ycn ihqyjlan y}jpnkkni+ ycn bf}n hq kfqy, Hy hq hbwf}yjly ycjy

qfbn jipjlyjen mn ehpnl yf lfinq ycn ofhl hl j ak~qyn}+ }jycn} ycjl afbb~lhajyhle ih}naykx uhyc

ycn qhld, @f} ychq }njqfl+ hy hq lnanqqj}x yf w}fphin qfbn jipjlyjen jqqfahjyni uhyc ak~qyn}hle+

jq fwwfqni yf ih}nay afbb~lhajyhfl, Ycn qhbwknqy ujx yf if ychq hq yf bjdn ycn kfqq f` l~y}hnly

q~wn}"w}fwf}yhfljk yf ycn ihqyjlan f` j khld, Ehpnl ycjy hl }njk kh`n+ }jihf w}fwjejyhfl fmnxq jl

hlpn}qn qz~j}n kju+ hy qnnbq }njqfljmkn yf bjdn ycn kfqq f` l~y}hnly w}fwf}yhfljk yf ycn qz~j}n f`

ycn ihqyjlan y}jpnkkni,

Khdn bjlx ihqy}hm~yni }f~yn ihqafpn}x jkef}hycbq+ ychq fln fwn}jynq hl ihqyhlay wcjqnq f}nwfacq+ uhyc ycn lnyuf}d }nafle~}hle hyqnk` `}fb nwfac yf nwfac, I~}hle njac nwfac+ lfinq

y}x yf hbw}fpn ycn jbf~ly f` l~y}hnly jpjhkjmkn yf ycnb, Ycnx if ychq mx aflyjayhle j kfajk lfin

jy }jlifb jli+ h` ak~qyn}hle uhyc ycjy lfin uhkk f``n} j mnyyn} q~wwkx ycjl ycjy uchac hq a~}}nlykx

jpjhkjmkn+ ycnl ycn lfin acjlenq jkknehjlan, Lfinq }nanhphle }nz~nqyq `f} l~y}hnly `}fb fycn}

lfinq bjdn jl f``n} mjad yf ycjy lfin+ ehphle jl nqyhbjyn f` ycn l~y}hnly ycjy uf~ki cjpn mnnl

jpjhkjmkn cji ycjy lfin mnnl j bnbmn} f` hyq ak~qyn}, Ycn nqyhbjyn inwnliq mfyc fl ycn jbf~ly

f` l~y}hnly jpjhkjmkn+ jli ycn l~bmn} f` lfinq inwnlinly fl ycjy ak~qyn} cnji,

Jlfycn} aflqhin}jyhfl hq ycjy ycn jkef}hycb cjq yf ehpn nlaf~}jenbnly `f} ak~qyn}q yf e}fu+

ycjy hq ycjy ycn jbf~ly f` l~y}hnly jpjhkjmkn mnafbnq e}njyn} jq lfinq ofhl ycn lnyuf}d, Yf n``nay

ychq+ hl njac nwfac ycn qhld cjq jpjhkjmkn jl jbf~ly f` l~y}hnly w}fwf}yhfljk yf ycn yfyjk l~bmn}

f` afllnayni lfinq, Ycn qyj}yhle aflihyhflq j}n jq `fkkfuq?#:( Qfbn hlhyhjk qyf}n f` l~y}hnly jpjhkjmkn jy ycn qhld+ lqhld#=( A~}}nly qyjyn f` jkk fycn} lfinq hq yf cjpn lf l~y}hnly+ ljp 2 7@}fb ycn hlhyhjk qyjyn+ qfbn lfinq #La( uhkk mx acjlan cjpn ih}nay aflyjay uhyc ycn qhld, Ycnqn

mnafbn ycn hlhyhjk ak~qyn} cnjiq+ jli njac hq ehpnl jl nz~jk qcj}n f` ycn l~y}hnly jpjhkjmkn ljp 2lqhld{La{

+ uchac hq jpjhkjmkn yf ycnb jq jyynl~jyni mx ycn qz~j}n f` ycn ihqyjlan `}fb ycn qhld, Ja}fqq

ycn lnyuf}d ycn qnz~nlan f` npnlyq hl njac nwfac hq jq `fkkfuq?

h( Njac lfin y}jlqbhyq yf hyq inwnlinlyq #h` jlx( ycn yfyjk jbf~ly f` l~y}hnly jpjhkjmkn yf ycjy ak~q"

yn} jli ycn a~}}nly l~bmn} f` bnbmn}q #hlak~ihle ycn ak~qyn} cnji( jy ycjy knpnk f` ycn chn}j}acx,

Njac inwnlinly ajka~kjynq hyq qcj}n f` l~y}hnly+ Q+ `f} ychq nwfac+ uchac hq

Q 2l

bdi=

1 & :9 Pfk~bn :0 #=778(


5/15


Jkef}hycb : LIA ak~qyn}hle jkef}hycb,

:, lfinq hl La aflyjay ycn qhld

=, lfinq hl La mnafbn j ak~qyn} cnjiq

1, ycn qhld ehpnq njac ak~qyn} cnji l~y}hnly qcj}n ljp9, njac ak~qyn} cnji qnli hyq inwnlinlyq ycn pjk~n f`l jli b

>, njac inwnlinly lfin ifnq ycn `fkkfuhle?

0, ajka~kjyn Q

5, `f}uj}ini a~}}nly ak~qyn} cnji hi jli }nanhpni l jli b pjk~nq

3, lfinq }nanhphle ycn `f}uj}ini bnqqjen if ycn `fkkfuhle?

8, ajka~kjyn Q

:7, H@ Q

< Q YCNL::, knjpn a~}}nly ak~qyn} cnji:=, ofhl ycn ak~qyn} cnji hl ycn `f}uj}ini bnqqjen

:1, NLI H@

:9, jkk ak~qyn} cnji qnli ycn}n b pjk~n yf ycn qhld

:>, ycn qhld ajka~kjyn llnsy:0, ycn qhld m}fjiajqy llnsy pjk~n

ucn}n l hq ycn yfyjk l~y}hnly jpjhkjmkn yf ycn ak~qyn}+ b hq ycn l~bmn} f` bnbmn}q+ d hq j aflqyjly

f` w}fwf}yhfljkhyx `f} ycn ihqyjlan jio~qybnly jli i hq ycn ihqyjlan f` ycn lfin `}fb ycn ak~qyn}

cnji,

hh( Njac lfin uchac cjq j q~wwkx f` l~y}hnly qnknayq jlfycn} lfin #f} qny f` lfinq+ yf qwnni ~w ycnnpfk~yhfl f` ycn qxqynb( jy }jlifb jli `f}uj}iq ycn jmfpn hl`f}bjyhfl+ jkfle uhyc ycn hinlyhyx

f` ycn ak~qyn} cnji,

hhh( Ycn }nanhphle lfin ajka~kjynq ycn jbf~ly f` l~y}hnly+ Q+ hy af~ki cjpn }nanhpni hl ychq nwfac

jq j bnbmn} f` ycjy ak~qyn}, H` ycn jbf~ly hq e}njyn} ycjl hyq jay~jk jkkfajyhfl hl ychq nwfac hy

afbb~lhajynq uhyc ycn ak~qyn} cnji jli ofhlq ycn ak~qyn} #jkqf afbb~lhajynq uhyc hyq fki ak~qyn}

cnji yf knjpn ycjy ak~qyn}(,

hp( Ak~qyn} cnjiq w}fwjejyn ~wuj}iq yc}f~ec ycn lnyuf}d ycn l~bmn} f` bnbmn}q, Ycn qhld

ajka~kjynq ycn jbf~ly f` l~y}hnly jpjhkjmkn `f} ycn lnsy nwfac ~qhle ycn `f}b~kj

llnsy 2lfbl

bf

ucn}n llnsy hq ycn l~y}hnly jpjhkjmkn `f} ycn lnsy nwfac+ lf hq ycn l~y}hnly jpjhkjmkn ychq nwfac+

bl hq ycn l~bmn} f` bnbmn}q }nwf}yni+ bf hq ycn l~bmn} f` bnbmn}q }nwf}yni `f} ycn w}nphf~q

nwfac,

Ycn fwn}jyhfl f` ycn LIA ak~qyn}hle hq q~bbj}hqni hl jkef}hycb :,

9 QC] jy j Ekjlan

Un m}hnx }nphnu ycn bjhl aflanwyq f` QC], @f} jl hl"inwyc y}njybnly f` QC] jli }nkjyni khyn}"

jy~}n ycn }njin} hq }n`n}}ni yf TCh}71+ Y~f71+ @CK$7>R jli }n`n}nlanq ycn}nhl, Hl ycn `fkkfuhle+

ycn qny f` y~wknq fl j qny S hq inlfyni jq S4 j y~wkn f` knleyc l hq u}hyynl jq s:+ , , , +sl # hq

ycn nbwyx y~wkn(4 ifb#`( hq ycn ifbjhl f` ycn `~layhfl ` jli `Q hq ycn }nqy}hayhfl f` ` yf Q+

W}fa, Ifayf}jk Qxbwfqh~b HAEY =773 9 & :9


6/15

NANJQQY

ljbnkx `Q#s( 2 `#s( h`s Q+ `Q#s( hq ~linlni fycn}uhqn, J #cxwn}(e}jwc aflqhqyq f` lfinq+nknbnlyq f` j af~lyjmkx hllhyn qny L+ jli #cxwn}(nienq afllnayhle lfinq jli kjmnkkni uhyc

nknbnlyq f` j qny f` nien kjmnkq K, H` K K+ }jld#K( hq j ljy~}jk l~bmn}+ ajkkni ycn }jld f`K+ ycjy nsw}nqqnq Kq jyyjacbnly lfin #ljbnkx ycn lfinq K hlqhqyq fl(, J qxlyjayha o~ienbnly

qwnahnq j e}jwc,

Inlhyhfl : #E}jwcq jq o~ienbnlyq(, J o~ienbnlycjq `f}b E ucn}n #h(L hq j lhynqny f` lfinq #ycn `}nn lfinq f` ycn e}jwc(+ jli #hh( E hq j e}jwc yn}b enln}jyni mx ycn e}jbbj}E ??2 K#s:+ , , , +sl( E { E { x E { lhk ucn}n x+s:+, ,,sl L

+ K K+ jli }jld#K( 2 l, Jkqf+ ycn}nqy}hayhfl fwn}jyf} hq j mhlin}4 `lE hq inlni jq ~q~jk jli un inbjli ycjy `l E ,

Nienq j}n yn}bq f` ycn `f}b K#s:+ , , , +sl(+ { hq ycn wj}jkknk afbwfqhyhfl fwn}jyf} f` e}jwcq+

x hq ycn }nqy}hayhfl fwn}jyf} #uhyc w}hf}hyx kfun} ycjl {( f` lfinq jli lhk hq ycn nbwyx e}jwc,Aflihyhfl `lE jaaf~lyq `f} cjphle `}nn hqfkjyni lfinq hl E #n,e,+ s lhkk hq e}jwc uhycflkx ycn hqfkjyni lfin s(, O~ienbnlyq j}n afbwjaykx u}hyynl mx i}fwwhle a~}kx m}jadnyq `}fb

hlyn}`janq jli u}hyhle :+= `f} : = ucnlnpn} : = 2 &7 #n,e,+ +s E 2 tsr E+ h`s & (,Nsjbwkn :, Ycn o~ienbnly ~+z z K#~+z+z( {K#z( {K#z( }nw}nqnlyq j e}jwc uhyc yc}nn nienqkjmnkkni mx K #f` }jld 1( jli K #f` }jld :(4 ~+z L j}n `}nn jli z hq mf~li, Ycn e}jwc ajl mninwhayni jq

z

Kff

~

Kff

zKff

ucn}n nienq j}n i}jul jq kjmnkkni mfsnq jli lfinq j}n m~kknyq #nbwyx `f} mf~li lfinq jli qfkhi

`f} `}nn lfinq(, J afllnayhfl mnyunnl j lfin jli jl nien hq ajkkni ynlyjakn, Jl j}}funi ynlyjakn

hlihajynq ycn }qy jyyjacbnly lfin f` ycn nien4 ycn fycn} lfinq j}n inyn}bhlni mx l~bmn}hle

ynlyjaknq akfaduhqn #n,e,+ `f} K+ ~ hq ycn }qy jyyjacbnly lfin+ z ycn qnafli jli z ycn ych}i(,

E}jwc yn}bq j}n aflqhin}ni ~w yf qy}~ay~}jk afle}~nlan #lfy }nwf}yni cn}n4 qnn T@CK$7>R(

ycjy xhnkiq ycn ~q~jk }~knq `f} }nqy}hayhfl jli j bflfhijk qy}~ay~}n uhyc }nqwnay yf wj}jkknk afb"

wfqhyhfl jli lhk jq ln~y}jk nknbnly,

Ycn QC] pn}qhfl ~qni cn}n jifwyq ycn qf ajkkni Bhkln} qxlac}flhqjyhfl jkenm}j uhyc bf"

mhkhyx TKjl70R ycjy }nkhnq fl ycn lfyhfl f` jayhfl qheljy~}n,

@hs j qny Jay f` hlw~y jayhflq uhyc yuf ihqyhle~hqcni jayhflq jli #~qni mnkfu yf nsw}nqq

qxlac}flhqjyhfl jli hiknlnqq+ }nqwnayhpnkx(+ jli kny JayBhk 2 JayJay t+r ucn}n Jay2 tj ?j Jayr hq ycn qny f` f~yw~y jayhfl, Jl jayhfl qheljy~}n hq j y}hwkn #JayBhk+ j}+( ucn}n j} ?

JayBhk hq jl j}hyx `~layhfl q~ac ycjy j}#( 2 j}#( 2 7 jli j Jay? j}#j( 2 j}#j((,Bfmhkhyx hq bfinkkni yc}f~ec j qxlac}flhqjyhfl `~layhfl ? #JayBhk L

( jqqhelhle+ yfnjac s + jl jayhfl j JayBhk jli j y~wkn s:++ , , , +sl f` lfinq qnly yf s q~ac ycjy j}#j( 2 l,Un kny Jays 2 j jli l#s( 2 ts:++ , , , +slr ucnl #s( 2 #j+ s:++ , , , +sl(, @hljkkx+ ycn qny f`afbb~lhajyni #}nqw, `}nqc( ljbnq f` hq l#( 2 tz ? s,z l#s(r #}nqw, 2 l#( [(,

Inlhyhfl = #QC] y}jlqhyhflq uhyc bfmhkhyx(, Ehpnl jl jayhfl qheljy~}n JayBhk+ j QC] y}jlqh"

yhfl hq j }nkjyhfl f` ycn `f}b?

E

+

E

> & :9 Pfk~bn :0 #=778(


7/15


ucn}n ? hq jl hinbwfynly q~mqyhy~yhfl: q,y, s l#( , s2 s jli 2 ,Q~mqyhy~yhfl hli~anq nz~hpjknlan akjqqnq fl #h,n,+ TsR 2 tx ? s2 xr+ `f} s ( jliqnknayq ycnh} }nw}nqnlyjyhpn nknbnly #hinbwfynlax(, Flkx }nw}nqnlyjyhpnq ajl mn afbb~lhajyni

mx + uchkn+ mx inlhyhfl f`+ `}nn lfinq j}n lnpn} n}jqni jli lnu lfinq j}n mf~li ~lknqq

afbb~lhajyni,

W}fi~ayhflq qwnah`x cfu nienq qcf~ki mn }nu}hyynl?

Inlhyhfl 1 #W}fi~ayhflq(, Kny K K cjpn }jld l jli E mn j e}jwc yn}b, J w}fi~ayhfl hq jy}jlqhyhfl f` ycn `f}b?

s:+ , , , +sl K#s:+ , , , +sl(+

E

ucn}n s:+ , , , +sl j}n jkk ihqyhlay, Ychq w}fi~ayhfl hq hikn h`#sh( 2 #+ ( `f} njac h+ 2 hi jli E 2 s:+ , , , +sl K#s:+ , , , +sl(,

@f} njac K K+ ycn qny f` w}fi~ayhflq f`K j}n jqq~bni yf aflyjhl ycn hikn w}fi~ayhfl `f} Kjli yf mn akfqni ~lin} hlonayhpn }n"ljbhleq,

Ycn fwn}jyhfljk qnbjlyhaq f` QC] hq fbhyyni `f} m}nphyx+ cn}n un o~qy ehpn jl nsjbwkn f` cfu

QC] w}fi~ayhflq j}n qxlac}flhqni,

Nsjbwkn =, H` } jli hi+} j}n kjmnkq `f} ak~qyn} cnjiq jli qnlqf}q }nqwnayhpnkx+ ycnl #helf}hle

ycn afbb~lhajyhfl mnyunnl ycn qhld jli ycn ak~qyn} cnji( ycn w}fi~ayhflq `f} bfphle j lfin

`}fb j ak~qyn} yf jlfycn} jy ycn mnehllhle f` j lnu ak~qyn}hle nwfac bjx mn ehpnl jq

Ljbnkx+ ycn ak~qyn} cnji f}in}q ycn bnbmn} hi yf bhe}jyn yf c ycn}n`f}n+ ~wfl qxlac}flhqjyhfl+

ycn qnlqf} hi bfpnq hyq bnbmn}qchw ynlyjakn uchac bfinkq ycn bhe}jyhfl yf ycn ak~qyn} cnjini

mx jlfycn} ak~qyn} cnji #ycn fln }nw}nqnlyni mx jl nien }#V+ c((,

Kny E mn ycn e}jwc fmyjhlni mx }nbfphle ycn ifyyni ynlyjakn `}fb qxlac}flhqhle ycn w}nph"

f~q w}fi~ayhflq hl E+ uchac xhnkiq ycn e}jwc fmyjhlni mx }nwkjahle ycn ijqcni uhyc ycn ifyyni

ynlyjakn hl E,

Ycn y}jlqhyhfl inqa}hmni hl Nsjbwkn = hq fmyjhlni mx #h( lihle hl ycn e}jwc nienq kjmnkknimx ycn kcq f` njac w}fi~ayhfl un ujly yf qxlac}flhqn4 #hh( }nbfpn ycfqn nienq jli #hhh( }nwkjanycnb uhyc ycn af}}nqwflihle }ci f` ycnh} w}fi~ayhflq4 #hp( afkkjwqhle ycfqn lfin ycjy j}n afb"b~lhajyni,

: Jq a~qyfbj}x+ q~mqyhy~yhfl jwwkhajyhfl hq nsw}nqqni mx o~syjwfqhyhfl f` ycn q~mqyhy~yhfl `~layhfl #n,e,+ s qyjliq

`f} #s((,



8/15

NANJQQY

> LIA Bfinkkhle hl QC]

@fkkfuhle TY~f7>R+ un ehpn qfbn mjqha QC] w}fi~ayhflq jhbhle yf bfink ycn nlph}flbnlyjk

aflihyhflq f` j UQL, Un qhbwkh`x ycn }nw}nqnlyjyhfl mx aflqhin}hle flkx ycn enfe}jwchajk hl"

`f}bjyhfl lnanqqj}x yf ycn aff}ihljyhfl jbfle qnlqf}q jli j qhld, ]nbj}djmkx+ nsynlihle ycn

w}nqnly bfink uhyc `~}ycn} nlph}flbnlyjk aflihyhflq #n,e,+ fmqyjaknq `f}mhiihle f} inyn}hf}jyhle

uh}nknqq qheljkq( }nz~h}nq o~qy j `nu lnu w}fi~ayhflq jbnljmkn yf mn qxlac}flhqni uhyc ycfqn

w}nqnlyni cn}n, Un qcjkk ~qn ycn kjmnkq } jli hi+} yf }nqwnayhpnkx inlfyn ak~qyn} cnji jli qnl"

qf} nienq uhyc y}jlqbhqqhfl }jlen }4 ycn ih``n}nly qyjynq nienq ajl }njac #wfqqhmkx acjlehle ycnh}

}jld( qcjkk mn }nw}nqnlyni mx

} jli

hi+} + nya, Enfe}jwcha hl`f}bjyhfl ajl mn bfinkkni hl

QC] jq j e}f~w f` lfinq }nw}nqnlyhle enfe}jwchajk wfhlyq #}jleni fpn} mx k+ k

+ nya,( afllnaynimx nienq }nw}nqnlyhle ycn N~akhinjl ihqyjlan mnyunnl wfhlyq,

Nsjbwkn 1, J lnyuf}d ucn}n j qnlqf} jli j ak~qyn} cnji j}n }nqwnayhpnkx kfajyni jy k jli k

qnwj}jyni mx j ihqyjlan i hq inqa}hmni mx ycn e}jwc k+ k hi+}#k( { i#k+ k( { }#k+ c( inwhayni jq

Hl ycn jmfpn nsjbwkn+ lfinq k jli k j}n wcxqhajk w~mkha kfajyhflq uchkn lfin c hq ycn bnb"

mn}qchw lfin+ ljbnkx ycn lfin ucn}n qnlqf}q ofhlhle ycn ak~qyn} cnjini mx ycn jyyjacni ak~qyn}

cnji nien uhkk mn afllnayni, Ycf~ec ycn}n hq lf `f}bjk ih``n}nlan mnyunnl kfajyhfl jli bnb"

mn}qchw lfinq+ un ujly yf nbwcjqhqn ycnh} ih``n}nly aflanwy~jk ihqyhlayhfl, Hl f}in} yf qcfu ycn

q~hyjmhkhyx f` QC] jq bfinkkhle `}jbnuf}d `f} UQLq+ afbb~lhajyhflq jy yuf ih``n}nly knpnkqf` jmqy}jayhfl j}n aflqhin}ni, Ycn kfun} knpnk qcfuq cfu uh}nknqq afbb~lhajyhflq ajl mn in"

qa}hmni4 hl `jay+ ycn nlph}flbnlyjk nienq j}n ycn aj}}hn} f` ycn qheljk nbhyyni mx ycn qnlqf}q f}

ycn qhld, Ycn checn} knpnk hlqynji jmqy}jayq `}fb ycn afbb~lhajyhfl inyjhkq jli `fa~qnq fl ycn

kfehajk hlyn}jayhflq ycjy qnlqf}q+ ak~qyn} cnjiq jli qhld b~qy wn}`f}b jq w}nqa}hmni mx LIA, Ycn

ihqyhlayhfl uhkk mn aknj} kjyn}+ m~y aflqhin}hle ycn e}jwc hl ycn Nsjbwkn 1+ ychq ajl mn nswkjhlni jq

`fkkfuq? fl kfajyhfl lfinq #k jli k(+ afbb~lhajyhflq j}n bnihjyni mx ycn nlph}flbnlyjk nienq

uchkn+ fl ycn bnbmn}qchw lfinq+ ycnx j}n jqq~bni yf mn jmqy}jay afbb~lhajyhflq,

>,: @f}bhle Ak~qyn}q

Flan qnknayni+ ak~qyn} cnjiq qheljk ycnh} w}nqnlan uhyc ycn w}fi~ayhfl

Ljbnkx+ j ak~qyn} cnji nbhyq j qheljk } aj}}xhle hyq y}jlqbhqqhfl }jlen } #nswkhahykx }nw}n"

qnlyni hl ycn kjmnk( jli }nknpjly wcxqhajk qheljk hl`f}bjyhfl } #n,e,+ ih}nayhfl+ qheljk qy}nleyc+

`}nz~nlax+,,, lfy nswkhahykx }nw}nqnlyni(, Ycn ak~qyn} cnji jkqf afbb~lhajynq ycn lfin c yf uchac

wn}qwnayhpn bnbmn}q cjpn yf afllnay yf4 j`yn}uj}iq+ ycnx bfpn yf j qyjyn ucn}n ycnx ujhy `f} hl"

qy}~ayhflq `}fb ycn qhld f} }nz~nqyq `f} bnbmn}qchw `}fb fycn} qnlqf}q, Hl ycn qyjyn}+

+ ycn

ak~qyn} cnji }naf}iq ycn khqy f` ycn bnbmn}q f` hyq ak~qyn} ycjy hq hlhyhjkhqni yf ycn nbwyx khqy TRhl ycn w}nphf~q w}fi~ayhfl, Nlph}flbnlyjk nienq w}fwjejyn #f} qyfw( qheljkq nbhyyni mx qnlqf}q,

Ychq ajl mn bfinkkni mx ycn `fkkfuhle w}fi~ayhflq

5 & :9 Pfk~bn :0 #=778(


9/15


Hl nz~jyhfl =+ ucnl i inynayq ycn w}nqnlan f` j ak~qyn} cnji jy ihqyjlan s `}fb k+ hy nacfnq

fl k ycn w}nqnlan f` ycn ak~qyn} cnji ~wijyni uhyc ycn hyq ihqyjlan `}fb k afbw~yni mx ycn

#bflfyflhajkkx hla}njqhle( `~layhfl uchac yjdnq s+ i jli ycn wcxqhajk jyy}hm~ynq f` ycn qheljk

hl hlw~y, Lfyhan ycjy ycn `f}uj}ini hl`f}bjyhfl f` ycn wcxqhajk jyy}hm~ynq ajl acjlen inwnlihle

fl ycn enfe}jwchajk wfqhyhflq k jli k, W}fi~ayhfl #1( qxbbny}hajkkx w}fwjejynq ycn qheljk `}fb

k yf k jli+ jq w}fi~ayhfl #=(+ hy hq q~wwfqni yf mn jwwkhni flkx h` ycn }nqhi~jk qy}nleyc f` ycn qheljk#aj}}hni mx s( hq nlf~ec `f} ycn qheljk yf afpn} i4 fl ycn afly}j}x+ ycn w}fi~ayhflq

uhkk qyfw ycn qheljk, Lfyhanjmkx+ w}fi~ayhflq #=( jli #1( j}n wj}jbny}ha uhyc }nqwnay yf ycn ~qni

bny}ha #chiinl hl (, Ychq qcfuq cfu f}ycfefljk jqwnayq ajl mn ljy~}jkkx dnwy qnwj}jyni hl QC]

qf ycjy ycn bfink jay~jkkx qwnah`x j akjqq f` jkef}hycbq #ycfqn fmyjhlni mx hlqyjlyhjyhle ih``n}nly

bny}haq( jli ajl ycn}n`f}n mn ~qni yf qy~ix jli afbwj}n ycnb, Npnly~jkkx+ ycn w}nqnlan f` j

ak~qyn} cnji ajl mn inynayni mx j qnlqf} qf ycjy ycn kjyyn} ajl jwwkx `f} bnbmn}qchw yf ycn `f}bn}

jaaf}ihle yf ycn w}fi~ayhfl

qyjyhle ycjy j qnlqf} hl qyjyn

hi+}+s }naf}iq hyq ihqyjlan s `}fb ycn ak~qyn} cnji jli afllnayq yf

ycn bnbmn}qchw lfin c fpn} uchac j bnbmn}qchw }nz~nqy ajl mn hqq~ni?

lfyhan ycjy hl ycn }nz~nqy ycn qnlqf} hlak~inq hyq wfqhyhfl k, Jli mx

ycn ak~qyn} cnji jiiq ycn lnu bnbmn} yf hyq khqy fl jaanwyhle ycn lnu bnbmn}, J qnlqf} ajl jkqfinahin yf helf}n j qheljk?

I~}hle ycn ak~qyn} `f}bjyhfl wcjqn+ `~}ycn} ak~qyn} cnjiq ajl mn inynayni mx qnlqf}q, Hlinni+

hy bjx npnl cjwwnl ycjy j inphan qnlqnq ycn w}nqnlan f` fycn} ak~qyn} cnji j`yn} cjphle jk}njix

ofhlni j ak~qyn}, Cnlan+ hl f}in} yf fwyhbhqn hyq nln}ex j qnlqf} ajl inahin yf knjpn hyq a~}"

}nly ak~qyn} jli ofhl j enfe}jwchajkkx akfqn} fln, Ychq ajl mn fmyjhlni mx ycn `fkkfuhle yuf

w}fi~ayhflq?



10/15

NANJQQY

Jaaf}ihlekx+ ak~qyn} cnjiq jadlfuknien bhe}jyhfl uhyc ycn w}fi~ayhfl

lfyhan ycjy ycn khqy f` bnbmn}q hq ~wijyni,

>,= Mjkjlahle Ak~qyn}q

Jy ychq qyjen+ ak~qyn} cnjiq qnli ycnh} khqy f` bnbmn}q yf ycn qhld?

ucn}n qheljk kq aj}}hnq wfqhyhfl jli bnbmn}qchw lfin jli hq w}fwjejyni yc}f~ec ycn nlph}fl"

bnlyjk lfinq #khdn qheljkq(,

Un lfu }nln ycn w}fi~ayhflq hl Nsjbwkn 1, Fl }nanwyhfl f` j bnqqjen `}fb ycn qhld }nz~h}"

hle j qnlqf} yf bhe}jyn yf jlfycn} ak~qyn}+ j ak~qyn} cnji f}in}q ycn inphan yf bfpn?

jli+ af}}nqwflihlekx+ ycn qnlqf} bhe}jynq yf ycn lnu ak~qyn}?

Fmqn}pn ycjy ycn qnlqf} }ny~}lq yf ycn qyjyn ucn}n hy cjq yf jwwkx `f} bnbmn}qchw yf hyq #lnu(

ak~qyn} cnji, @hljkkx+ qhldq j}n kjmnkkni mx ucn}n hq ycn khqy f` lfinq jli ycnh} kfajyhflq jq

y}jlqbhyyni mx ak~qyn} cnjiq4 un jqq~bn ycjy lfinq#( }ny~}lq ycn qny f` lfinq faa~}}hle hl ycnkhqy jli hq ycn khqy fmyjhlni mx jwwnlihle yf , W}fi~ayhflq `f} qhldq j}n?

ucn}n hl ycn kjqy w}fi~ayhfl yjdnq hlyf jaaf~ly ycjy qnlqf} hi uhkk bhe}jynq yf ycn ak~qyn} uhyc

bnbmn}qchw lfin c, Un }nbj}d ycjy ycn bny}ha a}hyn}hj inyn}bhlhle ycn acfhan f` ycn bhe}jyhle

qnlqf}q j}n f}ycfefljk yf ycn aff}ihljyhfl w}fi~ayhflq f` ycn qhld, Cnlan+ ycn QC] bfink f``n}q

jlfycn} ihbnlqhfl jkfle uchac LIA ajl mn wj}jynyn}hqni,

>,1 J W}jayhajk Pjkhijyhfl f` ycn Bfink

Hl ycn hinlyhajyhfl f` lnyuf}d w}fwn}yhnq+ ycn hqq~n f` kfji mjkjlahle+ hl yn}bq f` afbb~lhaj"

yhfl+ hq f` wj}jbf~ly hbwf}yjlan, Ycn ihqafpn}x f` ycn bfqy ~yhkhqni lfinq hl j kj}en afbwkns

8 & :9 Pfk~bn :0 #=778(


11/15


@he~}n :? J :7 lfinq }jlifb yfwfkfex lnyuf}d,

lnyuf}d hq phyjk yf injk uhyc afbb~lhajyhfl mfyyknlnadq jli nln}ex inwknyhfl w}fmknbq, Hl ychq

nsjbwkn un qcfu cfu QC] ajl `jahkhyjyn ycn }jldhle f` lfinq mx z~jlyh`xhle ycnh} ine}nn f`

~yhkhqjyhfl+ h,n, ycn ine}nn yf uchac ycnx cjpn ih}nay }nkjyhflqchwq uhyc fycn} lfinq hl j e}jwc,

Hl wj}yha~kj}+ un inln j bnjq~}n f` kfji+ K+ fl lfinq hl j lnyuf}d yf hinlyh`x qy}~ay~}jkkx

hbwf}yjly lfinq, J lfin hq qjhi yf mn hbwf}yjly h` hy cjq j }nkjyhpnkx chec }jld,

Njac lfin hq jqqfahjyni yf j qnlqf}, Jl nien hq inlni mnyunnl yuf lfinq ucnl ycn af}}n"

qwflihle qnlqf}q ajl afbb~lhajyn uhyc njac fycn}, Hlihphi~jk afbb~lhajyhfl khldq j}n jqqfah"

jyni uhyc nln}ex afbb~lhajyhfl afqy, Jqq~bn ycjy ycn qhn f` jkk bnqqjen yxwnq hq aflqyjly4 ycn

nsjay pjk~nq f` ycnqn afbb~lhajyhfl afqyq ajl mn nqyhbjyni jaaf}ihle yf ycn ihqyjlan mnyunnl

ycn qnlqf}q, Ycn jbf~ly f` nln}ex lnnini yf y}jlqbhy j bnqqjen yf j inqyhljyhfl jy ihqyjlan i`}fb ycn qf~}an ajl mn ajka~kjyni mx ycn `fkkfuhle `f}b~kj? nq 2 di

a ucn}n djli a j}n aflqyjlyq

`f} j qwnaha uh}nknqq qxqynb, Uchkn ycn jbf~ly f` nln}ex lnnini yf }nanhpn j bnqqjen hq ph}y~"

jkkx aflqyjly #n}(, @f}bjkkx+ `f} j e}jwc E+ ycn bnjq~}n f` kfji f` j lfin z P#E( hq ehpnl mxK #z( 2 #LH nq( $ #LF n}( ucn}n LH hq ycn l~bmn} f` hlafbhle ynlyjaknq jli LF hq ycn l~bmn}f` f~yefhle ynlyjaknq afllnayni uhyc j lfin,

Ycn ~qn`~klnqq f`K ujq acnadni hl qhb~kjyhfl, J }jlifb yfwfkfex lnyuf}d+ #@he~}n :(+ ycjy

aflqhqyq f` :7 lfinq afllnayni mx :0 f~yefhle ynlyjaknq ujq inwkfxni ~qhle ycn enln}jk UQL

Qhb~kjyf} TQyn7>R, Jkk lfinq cjq ycn qjbn hlhyhjk jbf~ly f` nln}ex, Ucnl j lfin inynay j bfphle

fmonay hy qnli ychq hl`f}bjyhfl yf jkk lfinq uhychl hyq y}jlqbhqqhfl }jlen, ^qhle K+ un w}nihay

ycjy lfinq cjpn checn} l~bmn} f` f~yefhle ynlyjaknq uhkk mn ycn }qy yf ihn, Ychq w}nihayhfl ujq

afl}bni mx ycn qhb~kjyhfl ucn}n lfinq uhyc K 2 > nq un}n fmqn}pni yf ihn }qy #nq < n}(,

W}fa, Ifayf}jk Qxbwfqh~b HAEY =773 :7 & :9


12/15

NANJQQY

Ycn l~bmn} f` ynlyjaknq jkqf hy }nnayq ycn aflenqyhfl knpnk jy pj}hf~q wj}yq f` ycn lnyuf}d,

>,9 Jl Nsjbwkn Pn}hajyhfl f` j LIA W}fwn}yx

Ychq q~mqnayhfl w}fphinq jl nsjbwkn j}f~li uchac jl jljkxyhajk w}ff` bjx mn jyynbwyni, Un

ycnf}nyhajkkx pn}h`x ycjy mx wn}`f}bhle ycn jayhfl bp+ j lfin ajl ofhl nsjaykx flkx fln ak~qyn},

Hl j yxwhajk UQL inwkfxbnly+ `j~kyx mncjphf~} ajl }nq~ky hl j lfin mnhle j bnbmn} f` yuf f}

bf}n ak~qyn}q, @f} hlqyjlan+ j ofhl ak~qyn} }nz~nqy bnqqjen ajl mn }nanhpni mx bjlx ak~qyn} cnjiq

jli flkx ycn fln jii}nqqni hl ycjy bnqqjen qcf~ki }nqwfli mx qnlihle j lfyhajyhfl bnqqjen

ycjy aj}}hnq ycn jbf~ly f` l~y}hnly, Ycn ak~qyn} cnji hi ajl mn qwnahni hl jayhfl b f` j qheljk

nien jq inlni hl ycn w}fi~ayhflq f` qheljkq hl TY~f7>R, H` ycn lfyhajyhfl bnqqjen hq kfqy+ ycnqnlihle lfin ujhyq `f} j qcf}y wn}hfi f` yhbn jli ofhlq ycn qnafli mnqy ak~qyn} cnji, Hl ychq

ajqn+ ycn lfin bhecy mn }nehqyn}ni jq j bnbmn} hl mfyc ak~qyn}q, Jlfycn} nsjbwkn hq ucnl j lfin

knjpnq j ak~qyn}4 hy qnliq j bnqqjen yf ycn ak~qyn} cnji yf mn }nbfpni `}fb hyq bnbmn}qchw khqy,

H` ycjy bnqqjen hq lfy }nanhpni mx ycn af}}nqwflihle ak~qyn} cnji+ ycn lfin bhecy mn }nehqyn}ni

jq j bnbmn} f` ycn yuf ak~qyn}q #w}nphf~q jli a~}}nly(,

Kny hi+}#k+ c+( mn j qnlqf} lfin hl j lnyuf}d ycjy aflqhqyq f`d$ : ak~qyn}q, J lfin ajl flkx

wj}yhahwjyn hl ycn lnyuf}d h`` hy hq j bnbmn} f` flkx fln ak~qyn} jy jlx yhbn, hi+} hq nlifuni

uhyc j qny f` jyy}hm~ynq+ + aflyjhlhle ycn a~}}nly ak~qyn}hle hl`f}bjyhfl+ ycn jbf~ly f` jpjhkjmkn

nln}ex jbfleqy fycn}q, J`yn} j lfin ofhlq j lnu ak~qyn} f} }nlnuq hyq bnbmn}qchw uhyc ycn

a~}}nly ak~qyn}+ hy ~wijynq ycn hl`f}bjyhfl qyf}ni hl , Ycn lnu bp jayhfl hq inqa}hmni uhyc

ycn y}jlqhyhfl hi+}#k+ cj+( bphicm hi+}#k+ cm+(, bp cjq ycn `fkkfuhle jkenm}jha w}fwn}yhnq?lfl"afbb~yjyhpn+ y}jlqhyhpn+ jli jqxbbny}ha,

W}fwfqhyhfl >,9,:

H` hi+}#k+ cj+(cjbphicm

hi+}#k+ ca+( ucn}n j+ m+ a T:+ d$ :R + ycnl cm 22 ca,

W}ff` Ycn mjqn ajqn hq ucnl ycn bp y}jlqhyhfl hq in}hpni mx ycn jwwkhajyhfl f` ycn }~kncbphich

hl j lnyuf}d ycjy aflqhqyq f` flkx fln ak~qyn} #d2 :(, Hl j qhlekn ak~qyn} lnyuf}d+ cj hq qjhi yf mn

hinlyhajk yf cm jli ca, Hl ychq ajqn+ hi+} hq qjhi yf }nlnu hyq bnbmn}qchw uhyc ycn a~}}nly ak~qyn}

hy fwn}jynq uhychl,

H` hi+}#k+ cj+

(

cjbphicm

hi+}#k+C+

(+ ycnl C 2 cm{ca, Ychq y}jlqhyhfl ajl mn in}hpni mxjwwkxhle ycn }~kn bp ucn}n

hi+}#k+ cj+(cjbphicm

hi+}#k+ cm+( f} hi+}#k+ cj+(

cjbphicm hi+}#k+ ca+

(

Ycn qnafli y}jlqhyhfl cfkiq flkx ucnl cm 2 ca mnaj~qn ycn }nz~h}nbnlyq f` ycn bp y}jlqhyhflj}n?

:, cj b~qy qxlac}flhqn uhyc cm ~qhlekbphicmcjbphicm

#qnn Nsjbwkn 1(,

=, Ycn qnlqf} lfin qxlac}flhqnq ycn ofhl }nz~nqy+ c k+ uhyc ycn lnu ak~qyn} cnji jii bnb"

mn} c k

y}jlqhyhfl,

:: & :9 Pfk~bn :0 #=778(


13/15


Jaaf}ihle yf ycn w}fi~ayhflq `f} ycn nlph}flbnly inlni hl TY~f7>R+ jl nlph}flbnly nien b~qy

aff}ihljyn ycn inphan jayhfl bp jli jqd hyq lnhecmf~} nlph}flbnly hl ycn ih}nayhfl hy ujlyq yf

bfpn yfuj}i `f} ycn lnsy lfin, Ycn lfin uhkk knjpn cj jq ychq y}jlqhyhfl ajl mn jwwkhni flkx

h` ycn jayhflq fl ycn nsyn}ljk lfinq qxlac}flhqn uhyc jayhflq hbwfqni mx ycn w}fi~ayhflq f`

jiojanly nienq jaaf}ihle yf ycn jifwyni qxlac}flhqjyhfl wfkhax hl TY~f7>R, Ychq e~j}jlynnq ycjy

ycn lfin uhkk mn }nbfpni `}fb ycn bnbmn}qchw khqy f` ycn w}nphf~q ak~qyn} cj, Hl LIA+ ycn

bnbmn}qchw hl`f}bjyhfl #k+ c( hq dnwy jy ycn qnlqf} lfin, Fmqn}pn ycjy j`yn} ycn qxlac}flhqjyhflf` ycn bp y}jlqhyhfl+ ycn lfin }ny~}lq yf ycn hlhyhjk qyjyn ucn}n hy cjq yf jwwkx `f} bnbmn}qchw yf

j lnu ak~qyn} cnji, Jkqf lfyhan ycjy ycn ofhl }nz~nqy aflyjhlq ycn qnlqf} wfqhyhfl k, Ucnl j

lfyhajyhfl bnqqjen f} }nbfpn lfin `}fb ak~qyn} bnbmn}qchw khqy bnqqjen j}n kfqy+ ycn ak~qyn}

cnji }nbfpnq+ }b+ ycn lfin `}fb hyq bnbmn}qchw khqy h` hy ifnq lfy cnj} `}fb ycn lfinq mx ycn`fkkfuhle y}jlqhyhfl

k+ c }#k+ c(k}bc

k+ c }+TR#k+ c(

0 Jadlfuknienbnlyq

Bjlx ycjldq yf I} Nbhkhf Y~fqyf `f} hlyn}nqyhle ihqa~qqhflq ycjy cnkwni hbw}fpn ychq uf}d, Jkqf

un ycjld ycn jlflxbf~q }nphnun}q `f} ycnh} pjk~jmkn afbbnlyq jli q~eenqyhflq,

5 @hljk ]nbj}dq

Ychq wjwn} cjq w}nqnlyni jl jww}fjac yf bfinkkhle fln f` ycn bjof} w}jayhajk w}fmknbq `jahle

inqheln}q f` kj}en UQLq, Lnyuf}d afle~}jyhfl }nbjhlq fln f` ycn bfqy w}fmknbjyha yjqdq hl

UQL inqhel, Ycn kj}enqy w}jayhajk lnyuf}dq qf `j} cjpn mnnl inqhelni " ycjy hq+ ycn chn}j}acx

cjq mnnl sni jli m~hky hl jy inqhel yhbn, Ychq jww}fjac cjq }nq~kyni hl jl hlnphyjmkn p~kln}j"

mhkhyx yf wff} q~}pnxhle f` ycn }njk nlph}flbnly f` ycn lnyuf}d qhyn jli yf q~mqnz~nly nz~hwbnly

`jhk~}nq+ uchac }nlin} ycn inqhelni"hl j}achynay~}n lfl phjmkn, @f} ychq }njqfl+ qnk` afle~}jyhfl

}nbjhlq j phyjkkx hbwf}yjly j}nj f` }nqnj}ac+ jli jkef}hycbq q~ac jq LIA j}n f` e}njy hlyn}nqy hl

lihle j w}jayhajk qfk~yhfl,

Cfunpn}+ hy hq pn}x ih`a~ky yf w}nihay ycn mncjphf~} f` q~ac inanly}jkhqni w}fyfafkq ucnl

qajkni yf j pn}x kj}en lnyuf}d, Hy hq lfy ~l~q~jk `f} ~lnswnayni mncjphf~}q yf j}hqn+ jli w}f"yfafkq b~qy mn inqhelni yf mn }nqhqyjly yf ycnqn, Jq cjq mnnl j}e~ni+ ycn y}jihyhfljk jww}fjac

f` qhb~kjyhfl ajl mn khbhyni+ mfyc i~n yf ycn ih`a~kyx f` m~hkihle j qhb~kjyhfl ~qhle a~}}nly

yffkq+ jli i~n yf ycn afbw~yjyhfljk }nqf~}anq lnnini yf jljkxqn j lnyuf}d f` q~mqyjlyhjk qhn,

Jkqf+ j qhb~kjyhfl hq lfy jl hlynkknay~jkkx qjyhq`xhle w}ff` f` effi mncjphf~}, Ycn q~aanqq f`

fln qhb~kjyhfl ajllfy mn yjdnl jq hlihajyhpn f` qjyhq`jayf}x `~layhfl hl qhy~jyhflq fycn} ycjl ycn

fln hl uchac ycn qhb~kjyhfl ujq wn}`f}bni, Jljkxyhajk nsjbhljyhfl f` ycn lnyuf}d f``n}q ycn

wfqqhmhkhyx f` w}fphle jy knjqy qfbn f` hyq mncjphf~}q+ jli bjx ycn}n`f}n mn jmkn yf }njac ucn}n

qhb~kjyhfl ajl lfy, Fln bjof} w}fmknb uhyc ychq jww}fjac hq lihle j q~hyjmkn bfinkkhle `}jbn"

uf}d hl uchac yf inqa}hmn ycn mncjphf~} f` ycn lnyuf}d, Hy hq j}e~ni cn}n ycjy QC] hq q~hyjmkn

jli jww}fw}hjyn `f} ychq yxwn f` w}fmknb+ jli ychq cjq mnnl inbflqy}jyni mx ycn bfinkkhle f` ycn

LIA ak~qyn}hle jkef}hycb ~qhle hy,

W}fa, Ifayf}jk Qxbwfqh~b HAEY =773 := & :9


14/15

NANJQQY

QC] hly~hyhpn+ phq~jk+ jli bjycnbjyhajk w}nahqn bfinkkhle bjin hy njqx yf qwnah`x jli w}fyf"

yxwn ycn LIA jkef}hycb mx jmqy}jayhle hyq hlynlqhpn afbw~yjyhfl jli aknj}kx w}nqnlyhle afbb~"

lhajyhfl jli }nkjyhflq mnyunnl ih``n}nly lnyuf}d fmonayq, Ychq bjin hy qhbwkn yf hbwknbnly jli

qhb~kjyn ycn jkef}hycb uhyc knqq n}}f}q,

Ak~qyn} mjkjlahle ujq acfqnl jq j uf}dhle nsjbwkn mnaj~qn hy hq jl hly}jayjmkn w}fmknb yf

qfkpn hl j ihqy}hm~yni bjlln}, Hl w}fwfqhle LIA+ qnpn}jk ynlyjyhpn akjhbq cjpn mnnl bjin `f}

hy, Lfy jkk f` ycnqn akjhbq ajl mn pn}hni ~qhle qhb~kjyhfl+ hl wj}yha~kj}+ ycn q~hyjmhkhyx `f} jl

j}mhy}j}x l~bmn} f` ak~qyn} cnjiq jli ycn fwnl nlini qajkjmhkhyx bjx flkx mn w}fpni jljkxyhajkkx,

Ychq wjwn} w}fphinq j bfink j}f~li uchac jl jljkxyhajk w}ff` bjx mn jyynbwyni, Hl ycn w}f"

anqq+ hy cjq mnnl inbflqy}jyni ycjy QC] hq q~àhnlykx nsw}nqqhpn yf inqa}hmn q~ac j w}fyfafk+

jli ajl inqa}hmn hyq mncjphf~} jy j q~hyjmkn knpnk f` jmqy}jayhfl yf jkkfu fluj}i jljkxqhq+ qhb~kj"yhfl+ jli hbwknbnlyjyhfl, Jkk wj}yq f` ycn w}fyfafk cjpn mnnl bfinkkni+ `}fb ak~qyn} `f}bjyhfl+

yf ak~qyn} mjkjlahle, Ycnqn bfinkq kjx ycn e}f~liuf}d `f} `~y~}n jljkxqhq f` LIA jli fycn}

w}fyfafkq+ jli ycn w}fqwnay f` hbwknbnlyjyhfl f` qxqynbq uchac j}n enl~hlnkx qajkjmkn+ nàhnly

jli }nkhjmkn+ mx ihly f` ycn w}ff` f` ycfqn w}fwn}yhnq jq wj}y f` ycn inqhel w}fanqq, Ychq yxwn

f` jljkxqhq uhkk lfy }nwkjan qhb~kjyhfl+ m~y hy ifnq w}fphin j bnjlq `f} fmyjhlhle ycn dhli f`

fwnl"nlini e~j}jlynnq ycjy qhb~kjyhfl ajllfy ehpn,

]n`n}nlanq

TAE79R A, Achjqqn}hlh+ B, Ej}nyyf, Bfinkhle ycn wn}`f}bjlan f` uh}nknqq qnlqf} lnyuf}dq,

Hl Yunlyx"ych}i Jll~jkOfhly Afl`n}nlan f` ycn HNNN Afbw~yn} jli Afbb~lhaj"

yhflq Qfahnyhnq, Ww, =1:, Bj}ac =779,

TA~}R I, A~}}nl, J q~}pnx f` qhb~kjyhfl hl qnlqf} lnyuf}dq, cyyw?&&uuu,aq,mhlecjbyfl,

ni~&djle&ynjachle&aq>37q&ijphi,wi`, TFlkhln4 jaanqqni =5"J~e~qy"=775R,

T@CK$7>R E, @n}}j}h+ I, Ch}qac+ H, Kjlnqn+ ^, Bflyjlj}h+ N, Y~fqyf, Qxlac}flhqni Cxwn}nien

]nwkjanbnly jq j Bfink `f} Qn}phan F}hnlyni Afbw~yhle, Hl in Mfn} ny jk, #niq,(,

Pfk~bn 9:::, =77>,

TEMY$79R A, E~nqy}hl+ W, Mfih+ ], Ychmj~+ B, Wjqdh+ Q, Bjiin, Ihqy}hm~yni }ne}nqqhfl? jl

nàhnly `}jbnuf}d `f} bfinkhle qnlqf}lnyuf}d ijyj, Hl W}fannihleq f` ycn ych}i

hlyn}ljyhfljk qxbwfqh~b fl Hl`f}bjyhfl w}fanqqhle hl qnlqf} lnyuf}dq, Ww, ::7,

=779,

TENFU79R I, E}jajlh+ B, Nkyfunhqqx+ Q, Fkj}h~+ J, Ujijj, Fl bfinkhle uh}nknqq qnlqf} lny"

uf}dq, Hl Wj}jkknk jli Ihqy}hm~yni W}fanqqhle Qxbwfqh~b, Ww, ==7, =779,

TEfi75R O, Efiqdnqnl, J Ajka~k~q `f} Bfmhkn Ji Cfa Lnyuf}dq #Nsynlini Jmqy}jay(, Hl

Aff}ihljyhfl Bfinkq jli Kjle~jenq, Ww, :1=:>7, =775,

TEfi73R O, Efiqdnqnl, J Ajka~k~q `f} Bfmhkn Ji"cfa Lnyuf}dq uhyc Qyjyha Kfajyhfl Mhli"

hle, Hl W}fannihleq f` ycn :>yc Hlyn}ljyhfljk Uf}dqcfw fl Nsw}nqqhpnlnqq hl Afl"

a~}}nlax, =773,

:1 & :9 Pfk~bn :0 #=778(
http://www.cs.binghamton.edu/kang/teaching/cs580s/david.pdfhttp://www.cs.binghamton.edu/kang/teaching/cs580s/david.pdfhttp://www.cs.binghamton.edu/kang/teaching/cs580s/david.pdfhttp://www.cs.binghamton.edu/kang/teaching/cs580s/david.pdf


15/15


TEQXQ7=R Q, Echjqh+ J, Q}hpjqyjpj+ S, Xjle+ B, Qj}}j`jinc, Fwyhbjk nln}ex juj}n ak~qyn}hle

hl qnlqf} lnyuf}dq, Hl Qnlqf}q Bjejzhln+ BIWH, Ww, =>3=08, Ojl~j}x =77=,

TCAM7=R U, Cnhlnkbjl+ J, Acjli}jdjqjl+ C, Mjkjd}hqcljl, Nln}ex n`ahnly afbb~lhaj"

yhfl w}fyfafk `f} uh}nknqq bha}fqnlqf} lnyuf}dq, Hl W}fannihleq f` ycn 11}i Cjujhh

Hlyn}ljyhfljk Afl`n}nlan fl Qxqynb Qahnlanq #CHAQQ"11(, Ojl~j}x =77=,

TCh}71R I, Ch}qac, E}jwc Y}jlq`f}bjyhfl Bfinkq `f} Qf`yuj}n J}achynay~}n Qyxknq, WcI ycn"

qhq+ =771, cyyw?&&uuu,ih,~lhwh,hy& ich}qac,

TCDE75R B, Cjbbf~inc+ J, D~}y+ N, Ej~}j, B~BC]? B~kyh"Wjyc+ B~kyh"Cfw+ Chn}j}ach"

ajk ]f~yhle, Hl Hlyn}ljyhfljk Afl`n}nlan fl Qnlqf} Ynaclfkfehnq jli Jwwkhajyhflq#QNLQF]AFBB=775(, =775,

THla75R F, Y, Hla, Ycn JAB hlyn}ljyhfljk qxbwfqh~b fl bfmhkn ji cfa lnyuf}dhle jli

afbw~yhle #Bfmh"Cfa(, cyyw?&&uuu,fwlny,afb&+ =775, TFlkhln4 jaanqqni ="J~e~qy"

=775R,

TKjl70R H, Kjlnqn, Qxlacf}lhqjyhfl Qy}jynehnq `f} Ekfmjk Afbw~yhle Bfinkq, WcI ycnqhq+

Ihwj}yhbnlyf ih Hl`f}bjyhaj+ ^lhpn}qhy ih Whqj+ =770,

TKKUA71R W, Knphq+ L, Knn+ B, Unkqc+ I, A~kkn}, YFQQHB? jaa~}jyn jli qajkjmkn qhb~kjyhfl

f` nlyh}n YhlxFQ jwwkhajyhflq, Hl QnlQxq 71? W}fannihleq f` ycn :qy hlyn}ljyhfljk

afl`n}nlan fl Nbmniini lnyuf}dni qnlqf} qxqynbq, Ww, :=0:15, JAB W}nqq+ LnuXf}d+ LX+ ^QJ+ =771,

TKY7>R H, Kjlnqn+ N, Y~fqyf, Qxlac}flhni Cxwn}nien ]nwkjanbnly `f} Cnyn}fenlnf~q

Qxqynbq, Hl Aff}ihljyhfl Bfinkq jli Kjle~jenq, Pfk~bn 19>9&=77>+ ww, ==7

=1>, =77>,

TBQ78R B, Bn}}f+ N, Qhmhkhf, J Yhbni Ajka~k~q `f} Uh}nknqq Qxqynbq, Hl 1}i Hlyn}ljyhfljk

Afl`n}nlan fl @~lijbnlyjkq f` Qf`yuj}n Nlehlnn}hle #@QNL78(, =778,

TLQ"75R LQ"=, Ycn Lnyuf}d Qhb~kjyf}, cyyw?&&uuu,hqh,ni~&lqljb&lq&+ =775, TFlkhln4 ja"

anqqni :"Lfpnbmn}"=775R,

TQyn7>R I, Qynhl, Uh}nknqq Qnlqf} Lnyuf}d Qhb~kjyf} p:,7, cyyw?&&uuu,ioqynhl,afb&

w}fonayq&Uh}nknqqQnlqf}Lnyuf}dQhb~kjyf},cybk+ =77>, TFlkhln4 jaanqqni :3"

Bj}ac"=778R,

TY~f71R N, Y~fqyf, Lfl"@~layhfljk Jqwnayq f` Uhin J}nj Lnyuf}d W}fe}jbbhle, WcI ycn"

qhq+ Ihwj}yhbnlyf ih Hl`f}bjyhaj+ ^lhpn}qhy ih Whqj+ Bjx =771,

TY~f7>R N, Y~fqyf, Yj}jl? Afbb~lhajyhle jli Bfphle hl Uh}nknqq O~leknq, Hl An}fln

jli Ih Whn}}f #niq,(+ =li Uf}dqcfw fl Z~jlyhyjyhpn Jqwnayq f` W}fe}jbbhle Kjl"

e~jenq, Pfk~bn ::=+ ww, 5589, Ojl, =77>,

W}fa, Ifayf}jk Qxbwfqh~b HAEY =773 :9 & :9
http://www.opnet.com/http://www.opnet.com/http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/http://www.djstein.com/projects/WirelessSensorNetworkSimulator.htmlhttp://www.djstein.com/projects/WirelessSensorNetworkSimulator.htmlhttp://www.djstein.com/projects/WirelessSensorNetworkSimulator.htmlhttp://www.djstein.com/projects/WirelessSensorNetworkSimulator.htmlhttp://www.djstein.com/projects/WirelessSensorNetworkSimulator.htmlhttp://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/http://www.opnet.com/

Modelling Clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks with Synchronised Hyperedge Replacement

Documents

Transcript of Modelling Clustering of Wireless Sensor Networks with Synchronised Hyperedge Replacement