ModellingClass T07

Conceptual Modelling – Behaviour

References:– Conceptual Modeling of Information Systems (Chapters 11, 12, 13 and 14)

http://www.hazelhenderson.com/repOfHumanBehavior.html

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ProgramT01-T02 – Module 1 - Introduction to Systems ModelingT03-T06 – Module 2 - Conceptual Modeling – Domain

T07-T11 – Module 3 - Conceptual Modeling – Behavior1. Overview2. Flow-Based Behavior3. Message Based Behavior4. Event Based Behavior5. Revision

T12-T15 – Module 4 - Ontology

T16-T19 – Module 5 - Conceptual Modeling – ArchitectureT20-T21 – Module 6 - Conceptual Modeling – MethodologiesT22-T23 – Module 7 - Ontology: Advanced

T24-T25 - Conceptual Modeling – Global Revisions; Exercises, …

Behavior in UML

3Modelação

Behavior in SysML

4Modelação

Behavior in UML and SyML

5Modelação

UML SysML

Behavior – Use Case Diagrams

6Modelação

Use Case Diagrams

• Use cases describes an interaction between a system and

an actor (an external entity).

• The description must be provided from the point of

view of the actor!

• Therefore, a use case describes "who" can do or is

affected by "what" with or from the system.

• Use cases are also useful to make the bridge between the

requirements documenting and the modeling of the

detailed systems’ behavior

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The use case template…Name UC-8: Search

Summary All occurrences of a search term are replaced with replacement text.

Rationale While editing a document, many users find that there is text somewhere in the file being edited that needs to be replaced, but searching for it manually by looking through the entire document is time-consuming and ineffective. The search-and-replace function allows the user to find it automatically and replace it with specified text. Sometimes this term is repeated in many places and needs to be replaced. Other times, only the first occurrence should be replaced. The user may also wish to simply find the location of that text without replacing it.

Users All users

Preconditions A document is loaded and being edited.

Basic Course of Events

1. The user indicates that the software is to perform a search-and-replace in the document.2. The software responds by requesting the search term and the replacement text.3. The user inputs the search term and replacement text and indicates that all occurrences are to

be replaced.4. The software replaces all occurrences of the search term with the replacement text.

Alternative Paths

1. In step 3, the user indicates that only the first occurrence is to be replaced. In this case, the software finds the first occurrence of the search term in the document being edited and replaces it with the replacement text. The postcondition state is identical, except only the first occurrence is replaced, and the replacement text is highlighted.

2. In step 3, the user indicates that the software is only to search and not replace, and does not specify replacement text. In this case, the software highlights the first occurrence of the search term and the use case ends.

3. The user may decide to abort the search-and-replace operation at any time during steps 1, 2 or 3. In this case, the software returns to the precondition state.

Postconditions All occurrences of the search term have been replaced with the replacement text.

Not to forget: Use cases are instantiated in scenarios!!!

Use case diagram -«include» and «extend»

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uc HSUVUseCases [Operational Use Cases]

HybridSUV

Driv er Accelerate

Steer

Brake

Park

Start the v ehicle

Driv e the v ehicle

«include»

«include»

«include»

«extend»

«include»

SysMLUML

Behavior in UML and SyML

10Modelação

Flow-based behavior

Event-based behavior

Message-based behavior

Behavior – Activity Diagrams

11Modelação

Flow-based behavior

Activity Diagrams (UML)• An activity diagram is used to display the sequence of activities involving one or more

entities of the system. They show an workflow detailing the decision paths.• Activity diagrams are useful for business modeling where they are used for detailing the

processes involved in business activities.

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Activity Diagrams (SysML)

An example…

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Behavior – Interactions (messages)…

14Modelação

Message-based behavior

Interactions (messages)

• Interactions represent exchanges of messages between objects…

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Pre-defined Interactions in SysML Predefined interactions in UMLCall

Return

Send

Create

Destroy

Interactions (messages)

Semantics of the graphic elements:

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Synchronous message

Return to a synchronous message

Asynchronous message

Creation of a new object

Behavior – Sequence Diagrams

17Modelação

Sequence Diagrams (UML; SysML)• A way to represent interactions between objects, among time…• Stress the lifetime of the objects in a specific execution context.

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Behavior – Communication Diagrams

19Modelação

Communication Diagrams (UML)• Show interactions but stressing the relations between the objects

involved• Relevant to stress collaboration patterns among the objects

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Behavior – Timing Diagrams

21Modelação

Timing Diagrams (UML)

• Stress state changes in objects over time…

• It can represent the same information as in the interactions diagrams and state machine diagrams, but now with detailed information about temporal restrictions and lengths…

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Behavior – Interaction Overview Diagrams

23Modelação

Interaction Overview Diagrams (UML)• Interaction overview diagrams in UML are relevant to describe

sequences of action.

• These diagrams combine elements of activity diagrams with sequence diagrams to show the sequences of action. The elements represented are references to other existing diagrams (activity or interaction in general…).

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Behavior – State Machine Diagrams

25Modelação

Event-based behavior

State Machine Diagrams (UML; SysML)

• A state machine diagram models the behavior of a single object, specifying the sequence of events that object goes through during its lifetime in response to events.

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Please never forget that:

“A model is the explicit interpretation of one’s understanding of a situation, or merely of one’s ideas about that situation. It can be expressed in mathematics, symbols or words, but it is essentially a description of entities, processes or attributes and the relationships between them. It may be prescriptive or illustrative, but above all, it must be useful”Brian Wilson. Systems: Concepts, Methodologies and Applications. John Wiley and Sons, 1990, 2nd Edition, page 11

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http://new-brunswick.net/new-brunswick/sharks/behavior.html

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