Modeling the effects of metabolism and 3D crown structure on tree growth
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Risto Sievänen1
Eero Nikinmaa2
Christian Messier3
Jari Perttunen1
1. The Finnish Forest Research Institute 2. Dept. of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki3. GREF, Université du Québec à Montréal
Modeling the effects of metabolism and 3D crown structure on tree growth
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CONTENTS
Functional-structural tree models
The Model LIGNUM
Some Applications
Conclusions
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Process-based models
Vegetative and reproductive growth Photosynthesis, respiration and carbon allocation Mineral metabolism, especially nitrogen
metabolism Growth regulations Intra-tree transfer of metabolites
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Morphological models
• L-systems
• Other mathematical presentations of branching systems
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Here comes a pictrue from Algorithmic beauty of plants
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Process-based model
Morphological model
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Functional-structural model (FSM)
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Features of a FSM
• A basic unit is used for presentation of both architecture and functioning (metabolism)
• These units are combined to form different organisational levels
• Local control
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LIGNUM: General features
Simple structural units account for both structure and functioning of trees.
Annual net production is used to new growth.
Pipe model and functional balance for partitioning of growth.
Time step one growth period (one year).
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LIGNUM: The structure
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LIGNUM: Tree Segment for deciduous trees
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LIGNUM: Releasing suppressed buds
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LIGNUM: Carbon balance
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LIGNUM: Length of new segments
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LIGNUM: New buds
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LIGNUM: The Radiation Submodel (self shading)
Shading
Shaded
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Scots pine
• Scots pine and Jack pine the first two tree species implemented.
• Proved the modeling approach feasible.
• Modeled (published) trees 10 years old.
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Sugar maple
Study the survival and growth of sugar maple saplings in forest gaps.
Cutting guidelines for natural regeneration of sugar maple: Size of the canopy
openings Frequency of cuttings
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Three 5 year old saplings in St-Hilaire
Closed Gap Released Zenith Open Gap
L = 1.37m
L = 2.43mL = 2.84m
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Gliricidia sepium
Nitrogen fixing tropical tree species used in agroforestry.
Study the optimal management (frequency of cuttings).
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Mountain birch
Structural analysis of mountain birch
Based on detailed measurements done in Finnish Lapland
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Analysis of Sapflow
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Concluding Remarks
To be added
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www.metla.fi/projects/lignum