Model Driven Architecture: Four Years On Richard Mark Soley, Ph.D. Chairman and CEO.
-
Upload
avice-baker -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
1
Transcript of Model Driven Architecture: Four Years On Richard Mark Soley, Ph.D. Chairman and CEO.
Are You Spending Wisely?
Analysis, Design, Development,Test & Deployment: 10%
Maintenance & Integration: 90%
OMG: An Interesting History
1989: Founded
1990: CORBA 1
1995: CORBA 2
1996: Vertical specs
1997: UML 1
2001: MDA
2003: UML 2
Model Driven Architecture
• An initiative of the Object Management Group (OMG)
• A brand for tools based on OMG’s UML and MOF open standards
• A set of specifications definedby OMG’s open worldwide process
Heterogeneity is Permanent
• Programming languages– ~3 million COBOL programmers– ~1.6 million VB programmers– ~1.1 million C/C++ programmers
• Operating systems– Unix, MVS, VMS, MacOS, Windows, PalmOS, Symbian…– Windows 3.1: it’s still out there!– Embedded devices (mobile, set-top, etc.)
• Networks– Ethernet, ATM, IP, SS7, Firewire, USB– Bluetooth, 802.11b, HomeRF
Where Can We Agree?
• There will not be consensus on hardware platforms• There will not be consensus on operating systems• There will not be consensus on network protocols• There will not be consensus on programming languages
• There must be consensus on models, interfaces and interoperability!
OMG’s Mission Since 1989
• Develop an architecture for (software) integration, with standards focused on:– reusability of components– interoperability & portability– basis in commercially available software
• Specifications freely available• Implementations exist• Member-controlled not-for-profit
Who Are OMG?
Alcatel
AT&T
BEA Systems
Borland
Boeing
Cape Clear
Codagen
Compuware
DaimlerChrysler
EDS
Fraunhofer Fokus
Fujitsu
Hewlett Packard
Hitachi
Hyperion
IBM
IONA
io Software
Kabira
Kennedy Carter
John Deere
L-3
Lockheed Martin
MITRE
Motorola
NASA
NEC
Nokia
NTT DoCoMo
OASIS
Object Consulting
PRISM Technologies
SAP
SAS Institute
Softeam
Sun Microsystems
Tata
Unisys
UTS
W3C
How Can We Protect Software Investment?
• The problem is– Tracking the next best thing– Protecting your investment in existing software base– Retaining qualified staff– Maintaining existing code base
• Integrating what you’ve built– With what you are building– With what you will build!
The Model Driven Architecture
• OMG’s Model Driven Architecture (MDATM) initiative is aimed precisely at this problem
• You have an opportunity to increase your bottom line by integrating your assets
• Industry standards support that goal by future-proofing your application design
• The MDA will help you integrate the mix you have today, and give you an architecture to support the unexpected
• Focus on integrating legacy applications• Ensure smooth integration of COTS applications• Models are testable and simulatable• The aim: a 20-year software architecture
What is Model Driven Architecture?• A New Way to Specify and Build Systems
– Based on modeling with UML– Supports full lifecycle: analysis, design,
implementation, deployment, maintenance, evolution & integration with later systems
– Builds in Interoperability and Portability– Lowers initial cost and maximizes ROI
– Applies directly to the mix you face:• Programming language Network• Operating system Middleware
OMG’s Modeling Suite
• Unified Modeling Language– UMLTM remains the world’s only standardized object-oriented modeling
language, best-known part of the standard
• Common Warehouse Metamodel– CWMTM, the integration of the last two data warehousing initiatives
• Meta-Object Facility– MOFTM, the metadata integration standard– Defines metadata & metadata services– Perfect for the movement to DSL’s
• XML Metadata Interchange– XMITM, the XML-UML standard– Cornerstone of UML tool interoperability– Actually just a collection of mapping rules XML/MOF
Leveraging UML is Critical
• The Unified Modeling Language is the successor to the dozens of OO A&D notations of the early ’90s.
• Result of an OMG adoption begun in ’96 and completed in ’97
• Complemented with repository (MOF) and XML Metadata specs (XMI)
• Standardization primed the market– Over 200 books, in many languages– Dozens of commercial tools– Widely available training
• Supported by an open process– UML 2.0 & MOF 2.0 developed openly
UML Usage Statistics
Source: BZ Research, August 2004
Current use of UML
Plans for future use use of UML
2058
188 All
Some
Never
Previously
42
40
135 All
Some
Never
Unsure
Why Use UML?
25
39
40
51
69
0 20 40 60 80
Fewer Defects
Faster Development
Easier to maintain
Better Requirements
Match
Improve P roject
Communications
Source: BZ Research, August 2004
UML Certification Program
OMG/UTI UML Certification Program
Starts November 2003
Worldwide (English & Japanese)
Three levels of accomplishment
Focused on UML 2.0
OMG ENDORSED
MDA FastStart
Fast introduction to MDA technologies– Initial project selection and planning– Consulting– Mentoring– Training
Building an MDA Application
Start with a Platform-Independent Model (PIM) representing business functionality and behavior, undistorted by technology details.
Platform-Independent
Model
A Detailed Model, stating Pre- and Post-Conditions in OCL, and Semantics in Action Language
Generating Platform-Specific Model
Platform-Independent
Model
Map a PIM to Specific Middleware
Technologies via OMG Standard Mappings
MDA tool applies a standard mapping to generate Platform-Specific Model (PSM) from the PIM. Code is partially automatic, partially hand-written.CORBA
Model
Mapping to Multiple Deployment Technologies
Platform-Independent
Model
CORBA Model
MDA tool applies an standard mapping to generate Platform-Specific Model (PSM) from the PIM. Code is partially automatic, partially hand-written.Java/EJB
ModelXML/SOAP
ModelOtherModel
Map a PIM to Many Middleware
Technologies via OMG Standard Mappings
Generating Implementations
Platform-Independent
Model
CORBA Model
MDA Tool generates all or most of the implementation code for deployment technology selected by the developer.
Java/EJBModel
CORBA
XML/SOAPModel
Java/EJB XML/SOAP Other
OtherModel
Map PSM to application interfaces, code, GUI
descriptors, SQL queries, etc.
Integrating Legacy & COTS
Platform-Independent
Model
LegacyApp
MDA Tools for reverse engineering automate discovery of models for re-integration on new platforms.
COTSApp
Other
OtherModel
Reverse-engineer existing application into a model and redeploy.
MDA Benefits
• Full support for your “20 year architecture” across the application lifecycle
• Smooth integration across intra- and inter-business boundaries (across deployment technologies)
• Reduced costs from beginning to end• Reuse of applications, code, training and people• Technology-independent representation of the business• Scalability, robustness & security via generated code• Stable model-based approach maximizes ROI• Rapid inclusion of the next best thing
The CIO Problem Solver
MDA is Proven in Software Development
• Many excellent proofs-of-concept:– Banks, railroads, trading, insurance,
manufacturing, healthcare, etc.– Adopted by UN/CEFACT, SWIFT, ACORD,
HL7 and other key standards players
• Careful studies prove the point– The Middleware Company (TMC)– Electronic Data Systems (EDS)
The Middleware Company
• Two 3-person teams implementing Sun’s Pet Store– Typical 3-tier e-commerce, Sun Java
Blueprints
• 35% cost savings using MDA tool– Traditional tools: 508 man-hours– MDA tools: 330 man-hours
TMC Conclusions
“Based on the results of this case study, The Middleware Company is impressed by the productivity gains our MDA team experienced using the Model-Driven Architecture. We encourage organizations that wish to improve their developer productivity to evaluate MDA-based development tools for their projects, especially those involving enterprise-class applications and web services. While a short introduction to the MDA approach and tools might be necessary for development teams, the productivity benefits gained from the approach - especially for work on subsequent applications - make the effort significantly worthwhile.”
Most interesting result: bugs found by traditional team werehigher-level – MDA tools allow shakeout of high-level designmuch earlier in the development process.
http://www.compuware.com/dl/MDAComparisonTMCfinal.pdf
Electronic Data Systems study
• Three parallel implementations– J2EE: 14,000 hand-coded lines– .Net/C#: 4,000 hand-coded lines– OptimalJ: 600 hand-coded lines
• Conversion from J2EE 1.1-2.0– Projected: several months– Using OptimalJ: 30 minutes
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Total UI Mid-tier Data-tier Config
MDA
.NET
J 2EE
EDS Coding Results
EDS Conclusions
“MDA helps organizations achieve agile and adaptable IT so they can overcome ... business challenges. Through this evolutionary approach, collaborative teams can enjoy a wide range of compelling business benefits:• Rapid inclusion of emerging technology benefits into existing
systems • Reduced cost throughout the application life cycle• Reduced development time for new applications• Increased return on technology investments • Improved application quality”
http://www.eds.com/thought/thought_leadership_agility_model_arch.pdf
MDA in Practice
• Several excellent proofs-of-concept:– Wells Fargo (an architecture that has already been resilient
through a decade of change)– Lockheed Martin Aeronautics– GCPR in US government– Deutsche Bank Bauspar– Defense Information Systems– Merrill Lynch– Österreichische Bundesbahn– Thales Training & Simulation– Zuercher Kantonal Bank– CGI– Chubb and Son
National Service Industries
• Upgrade 30-year-old legacy
• Initial proposal >5 years, >US$5MM
• Delivered in <1 year, US$1MM
• Initial 80% savings
http://www.omg.org/mda/mda_files/NationalServicesIndustries.htm
Austrian Railways
• Integrated billing application (with scheduling, SAP management)
• Immense application (up to 400k EJB’s)
• Immediate, initial cost savings 35%
http://www.io-software.com/customers/Success_Stories/SuccessStory_OeBB.pdf
CGI/Loto-Québec
• Major redevelopment of provincial lottery management for features & performance
• Calculated 32.2% cost reduction, 700% ROI
• Headcount and specialization savings
• 50% code reduction
http://www.omg.org/mda/mda_files/Codagen_CGIstory.pdf
Lockheed Martin F-16
• Modular Mission Computer
• Cross-platform mission solution
• 100% code generation
• 20% initial development savings
http://www.omg.org/mda/mda_files/LockheedMartin.pdf
Outsourcing: Pros & Cons
• MDA supports outsourcing (lowers “cost of agreement” risk)…
• …but also removes one of the reasons.
• M1 Global Systems: internal app dev’t– $6.2MM expected cost– $2.3MM using MDA– $1.0MM using MDA, outsourced
MDA Four Years On
• 2000: initial impetus for initiative
• 2001: members carry initiative forward
• 2002: initial profiles
• 2003: UML 2, MOF 2
• 2004: BPM, Embedded
BPM & Embedded, Huh?
• Code generation isn’t the be-all to end-all
• The key idea is– Generic metamodeling– Capturing design– Supporting transformation– Reusing tools & expertise
MDA in the Verticals
• Finance: Payments Gateways Project
• Robotics: Household Robot Applications
• Healthcare: Healthcare Records
• Justice: Integrated Judicial/Penal Systems
• C4I: Geospatial Sensory Webs
MDA is a general pattern
• There is a general pattern to MDA:– Discover multiple syntaxes for a single
semantic– Derive & design a model which underlies that
semantic– Develop transformations between
those models
Why Apply MDA?
• For vendors, leveraging products into patents, systems engineering, business process…
• For end-users, leveraging people, training and process
• Discover, derive, design
• Retarget as technology changes
Business Process Modeling
• Beginning of 2005 will feature new specifications:– Business Process Metamodel– BPM interface standards for interoperability– Business Rules Model
Embedded Systems
• Already a major focus for OMG in the CORBA world, Model Integrated Computing focuses on:– Generating embedded implementation from
models– Real-time execution– “Executable UML”
MDA in Systems Engineering
• Early 2005, a new UML-based specification for Model-Driven Systems Engineering (SE):– Integrated hardware/software design– Integrated planning/engineering
UML in Patents?
• The most exciting area for extension: UML as a business tool
• Patents in the US and Europe already depend on UML to explain processes and design
• Should UML be taught inbusiness schools?
OMG Compliance Consortium
• The fastest-growing problem in IT– Regulatory compliance grows more
complicated by the day– Example: Sarbanes-Oxley in the US
• Standard models to ensure compliance• Standardized best practices• Newsletter, workshops, webinars,
seminars, research, support,…
To Get More Information
• MDA Information Page– http://www.omg.org/mda/
• OMG General Information– http://www.omg.org/
• Contact the Author– [email protected]
http://www.omg.org/~soley/mda4yearson.ppt