Model-Based Systems Requirements
-
Upload
jean-michel-bruel -
Category
Technology
-
view
1.230 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Model-Based Systems Requirements
![Page 1: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
RE'2013 1
Model-Based Systems Requirements
Jean-Michel BruelJoão Araújo
![Page 2: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
RE'2013 2
Introduction System Engineering Systems Requirements Requirements elicitation process KAOS overview SysML overview Requirements in SysML Mapping KAOS models into SysML models Practical case study
Summary
![Page 3: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
RE'2013 3
This tutorial aims at presenting an integrated approach for systems requirements elicitation and modeling
The elicitation phase is based on a goal based approach the KAOS Approach
The modeling phase uses SysML, an OMG modeling language for systems
getting more and more popularity (used in Airbus, Thales, Continental)
start to be a pivot language for many others (e.g., Modelica, Simulink)
Introduction
![Page 4: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
RE'2013 4
Summary Introduction System Engineering Systems Requirements Requirements elicitation process KAOS overview SysML overview Requirements in SysML Mapping KAOS models into SysML models Practical case study
![Page 5: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
RE'2013 5
Systems engineering Not Software Engineering… …Before Software Engineering!
◦ In the development process Involves specifying, designing,
implementing, validating, deploying and maintaining systems
Concerned with the system’s services, constraints and operation
![Page 6: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
A Complex System Set of human and material elements composed of
various technologies◦ Computer, Hydraulic, Electronic,…
Integrated to provide services to its environment corresponding to the system finality
Interacting between themselves and the environment
RE'2013 6
A complex system is very different from a simple software system
![Page 7: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Systems of Systems A system
◦ Should manage interactions between parts◦ Support expected behavior◦ Handle unexpected ones
RE'2013 7
![Page 8: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
System Modeling
RE'2013 8
8
Requirements
Functional and/or Behavioural Model
Ground Take Off
Landing Flying
Structural Model
Engine Flying Command
Brakes Flaps
Performance Model
DataAcquisition
Equations
Reactions
Other EngineeringAnalysis Models
Cost Model
Security Model
Business Model
…
?OK
![Page 9: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SE practices for modeling systems
RE'2013 9
SpecificationsRequirement DefinitionSystem DesignAnalysisTest Plans After
Before
Moving from Document centric To Model centric
Generate lot of writing work
Not adapted to discuss within a
multi-domain team
![Page 10: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
RE'2013 10
Types of requirement User requirements
◦ Statements of the services the system must provide and its operational constraints.
◦ Target: customers. System requirements
◦ A structured document with detailed descriptions of the system’s services and operational constraints.
◦ Part of a contract between client and contractor.
![Page 11: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
RE'2013 11
System requirements More detailed specifications of system services (F)
and constraints (NF) than user requirements◦ Functional: descriptions of system’s services, and how the
system should react in particular situations.◦ Non-functional: may be more critical than functional
requirements. If these are not met, the system is useless. E.g. availability, timing constraints, reliability, security, safety
They are intended to be a basis for designing the system
They may be incorporated into the system contract System requirements may be specified using models
![Page 12: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
RE'2013 12
System requirements problems Complex systems must be concerned with
◦ Changing as the system is being specified.◦ Must anticipate hardware and communications
evolution ◦ Hard to define non-functional requirements and
analyse their interactions
![Page 13: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
RE'2013 13
System requirements in RE (Sommerville, 2010)
Requirementsspecification
Requirementsvalidation
Requirementselicitation
System requirementsspecification and
modeling
Systemrequirementselicitation
User requirementsspecification
Userrequirementselicitation
Business requirementsspecification
Prototyping
Feasibilitystudy
Reviews
System requirementsdocument
![Page 14: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
RE'2013 14
Elicitation and analysis Also called requirements elicitation or
requirements discovery.◦ Involves interaction with stakeholders to discover their
requirements. ◦ Domain requirements are also discovered at this stage.
Developers should work with customers to learn about the application domain, the services that the system should provide and the operational constraints of the system.
May involve different stakeholders: end-users, managers, engineers involved in maintenance, domain experts, trade unions, etc.
![Page 15: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
RE'2013 15
Requirements and design In principle, requirements should state what
the system should do and the design should describe how it does this.
In practice, requirements and design are difficult to separate◦ A system architecture may be designed to
structure the requirements;◦ The system may inter-operate with other systems
that generate design requirements;◦ The use of a specific design may be a domain
requirement.
![Page 16: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
RE'2013 16
Goals are desired system properties that have been expressed by some stakeholders
Goals can be specified in different levels of abstraction, covering at a higher level strategic concerns and at a lower level technical issues
They can be: ◦ functional – related to the services provided◦ non-functional – related to quality attributes (e.g.
Security, performance, availability) Examples of goals (TV system):
“The system should provide access to search and choose channels programs”
“The system must be available 24h/7days a week”
What are Goals?
![Page 17: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
RE'2013 17
Goals and NF requirements Non-functional requirements may be very difficult
to state precisely and imprecise requirements may be difficult to verify. ◦ Close to a goal or a softgoal! ◦ Goals are helpful to developers as they convey the
intentions of the system users.
Verifiable non-functional requirement◦ A statement using some measure that can be objectively
tested.
![Page 18: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
RE'2013 18
Examples A system goal
◦ The TV system should be easy to use by ordinary users and should be organised in such a way that user errors are minimised.
A verifiable non-functional requirement◦ Ordinary users shall be able to use all the system
functions after reading the manual for an hour.
![Page 19: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
RE'2013 19
GORE is considered an established paradigm in RE to handle elicitation, specification, analysis, negotiation and evolution of requirements by using goals
GORE approaches were developed to support the development of large-scale systems where the goal model is the central one. ◦ KAOS, i*, GRL, NFR Framework, GQM
Eliciting requirements for large-scale models is performed in a stepwise manner. ◦ The higher-level goals are decomposed into less
abstract goals.
GORE
![Page 20: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
RE'2013 20
KAOSKAOS is one of the most well-known GORE approaches. It is a methodology based on the decomposition and refinement of goals to support the entire requirements development and acquisition process.
These models allow:◦ Goals development◦ Objects identification◦ Operations identification◦ Goals operationalization◦ Responsibilities assignment
![Page 21: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
RE'2013 21
KAOS main model elements
![Page 22: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
RE'2013 22
It is a systematic approach to discover and structure requirements while:◦ Avoiding ambiguous or irrelevant requirements ◦ Allowing efficient and easy communication
between stakeholders◦ Clarifying stakeholders responsibilities
It also provides mechanisms to:◦ Choose between different alternatives◦ Manage conflicts◦ Refine goals to structure complex requirements◦ Do domain analysis for reuse purposes
KAOS (cont.)
![Page 23: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
RE'2013 23
KAOS metamodel
![Page 24: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
RE'2013 24
![Page 25: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
RE'2013 25
KAOS models Goal model Responsibility model Object model Operation model
![Page 26: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Identifying Goals
Discover system goals through interviews, technical documents, etc.
Each goal in the model (except the roots) is justified by at least another goal explaining why the goal was introduced in the model
Each goal in the model (except the leaves, bottom goals) is refined by a collection of subgoals describing how the refined goal can be reached
The identification is both top-down and bottom-up◦ In summary, refining and abstracting goals (WHY & HOW)
RE'2013
![Page 27: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
RE'2013 27
Goals : Types
![Page 28: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Specification of goals
Informal (text in natural language) Semi-formal (diagrams) Formal (use of temporal logic formulas)
◦ Not addressed in this tutorial
RE'2013
![Page 29: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Goals relationships
AND RefinementsOR RefinementsConflicts Obstruction and resolution links
Responsibilities links
RE'2013
![Page 30: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
RE'2013 30
Responsibility model Agents are humans or automated components
that are responsible for achieving requirements expectations
Expectations are requirements on agents interacting with the system◦ They are introduced to show how the SW system and its
environment have to cooperate to achieve the goals◦ It is type of goal to be achieved by an agent part of the
environment of the system A requirement is a low level type of goal to be
achieved by a software agent◦ The software agent is responsible for it
![Page 31: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
RE'2013 31
Completeness criteria Criterion 1:
◦ A goal model is said to be complete with respect to the refinement relationship if and only if every leaf goal is either an expectation, a domain property or a requirement
Criterion 2:◦ A goal model is said to be complete with
respect to the responsibility relationship if and only if every requirement is placed under the responsibility of one and only one agent or implicitly if the requirement refines another one which has been placed under the responsibility of some agent
![Page 32: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
RE'2013 32
Requirements patternsGoal Model Available patterns can be instantiated and
reused KAOS consists of modelling generic patterns
of requirements◦ They are progressively built
![Page 33: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
RE'2013 33
Generic Pattern: Expectations and Domain Properties
Expectation
Domain properties
![Page 34: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
RE'2013 34
Example:Tv+Internet+Mobile+Phone package
![Page 35: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
RE'2013 35
Functional requirements
![Page 36: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
RE'2013 36
Functional reqs: Channel selection
![Page 37: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
RE'2013 37
Functional reqs: Financial Management Satisfied
![Page 38: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
RE'2013 38
Entities and operations
![Page 39: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
RE'2013 39
Obstacles and resolutions (1)
![Page 40: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
RE'2013 40
Cell phone service goal
![Page 41: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
RE'2013 41
Non-functional requirements
![Page 42: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
RE'2013 42
Performance
![Page 43: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
RE'2013 43
Concurrency
![Page 44: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
RE'2013 44
Availability
![Page 45: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
RE'2013 45
Conflicting goals When it is not possible to satisfy two goals
simultaneously◦ Performance goals may conflict with safety goals◦ Information goals may conflict with security and
privacy goals Obstacles prevent goals from being achieved
◦ Defensive approach Dealing with conflicts (or more generally,
with obstacles) allows ◦ to build a more complete requirements document
and ◦ To build a more robust system
![Page 46: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
RE'2013 46
Conflict management
When conflicts are detected:◦Negotiation to conflict resolution Select alternatives or Re-evaluate the priorities or Revise requirements
![Page 47: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
RE'2013 47
Goals and UML
![Page 48: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
RE'2013 4802-05-2003
48
![Page 49: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
RE'2013 49
Bibliography Lamsweerde, Axel van; “Goal-Oriented
Requirements Engineering: A Guided Tour”; Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve; Belgium; 2001
“A KAOS Tutorial”; Objectiver; 2003 Lamsweerde, Axel van; “Goal-Oriented
Requirements Engineering: From System Objectives to UML Models to Precise Software Specification”; Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve; Belgium; May 2003
Lamsweerde, Axel van; “Requirements Engineering - - from system goals to UML models to software specifications”; Wiley, 2009
![Page 50: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
RE'2013 50
Summary Introduction System Engineering Systems Requirements Requirements elicitation process KAOS overview SysML overview Requirements in SysML Mapping KAOS models into SysML models Practical case study
![Page 51: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
RE'2013 51
SysML diagrams
![Page 52: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
SysML: identity card Date of birth: 2001! Current version: 1.3 (June 2012) Father: OMG/UML + INCOSE Leading authors
◦ Conrad Bock◦ CrisKobryn◦ Sanford Friedenthal
RE'2013 52
![Page 53: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
SysML / UML Relationship between the two
RE'2013 53
![Page 54: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
SysML: who’s behind
RE'2013 54
Industry◦ American Systems, BAE Systems, Boeing, Deere & Company,
EADS Astrium, Eurostep, Israel Aircraft Industries, Lockheed Martin, Motorola, NIST, Northrop Grumman, oose.de, Raytheon, Thales, …
Tool vendors◦ Artisan, EmbeddedPlus, Gentleware, IBM, Mentor Graphics,
PivotPoint Technology, Sparx Systems, vitech, …
Other organisations◦ AP-233, INCOSE, Georgia Institute of Technology, AFIS, …
![Page 55: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
UML: 13 diagrams (in 2001)
RE'2013 55
![Page 56: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
SysML: 13-7+2=9 diagrams
RE'2013 56
Master Technologies de l'Internet - 2ième année 56
Block Definition Diagram
Internal BlockDiagram
ParametricDiagram
RequirementDiagram
![Page 57: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
SysML 1.3 diagrams
RE'2013 57
57Master Technologies de l'Internet - 2ième année 57
Same as UML
Modified from UML
New
![Page 58: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
SysML overview Diagram notation Structure diagrams Behavioral diagrams Cross-cutting constructs
RE'2013 58
![Page 59: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
SysML diagram frames Each SysML diag. represents a model element Each SysML diag. must have a Diagram Frame Diagram context is indicated in the header:
◦ Diagram kind (req, act, bdd, ibd, sd, etc.)◦ Model element type (package, block, activity, etc.)◦ Model element name◦ User defined diagram name or view name
A separate diagram description block is used to indicate if the diagram is complete, or has elements elided
RE'2013 59
![Page 60: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
SysML diagram frames (e.g.)
RE'2013 60
header
content
diag. type diag. name
![Page 61: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
SysML structure diagrams Package Block Definition Internal Block Parametric
RE'2013 61
![Page 62: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Package Diagrams (pkg) Same as UML
◦ to organize the model◦ name space
Model can be organized in multiple ways:◦ System hierarchy
e.g., enterprise, system, component◦ Diagram kind
e.g., requirements, use cases, behavior◦ Use viewpoints to augment model organization
RE'2013 62
![Page 63: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Package Diagrams (e.g.)
RE'2013 63
![Page 64: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Package Diagrams (links)
RE'2013 64
![Page 65: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Block Definition Diagrams (bdd)
Classes are dead… welcome to blocks!◦ Can be anything (System, Hardware, Software, Data,
Procedure, Facility, Person)◦ Satisfy Systems Engineers
RE'2013 65
![Page 66: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Block Definition Diagrams (bdd)
Compartments◦ Properties◦ Operations◦ Constraints◦ Allocations◦ Requirements
◦ User defined!
RE'2013 66
![Page 67: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Block Definition vs. Usage
RE'2013 67
Diagramme de Définition de blocs (BDD)
Décrit les relations entre les blocks (composition, généralisations…)
Diagramme Interne de bloc (IBD)
Décrit la structure interne d’un bloc sous forme de parts, ports et connecteurs.
![Page 68: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Block example
RE'2013 68
![Page 69: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Block Definition Diagram (e.g.)
RE'2013 69
![Page 70: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Internal Block Diagram (ibd)
RE'2013 70
![Page 71: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
SysML Ports (cont.)
RE'2013 71
◦ Standard
◦ Flow
![Page 72: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
SysML Ports (delegation)
RE'2013 72
to preserve encapsulation of block
interactions at outer ports are delegated to ports of child parts
ports must match◦ same kind, type, direction,
etc. connectors can cross
boundary without requiring ports at each level of nested hierarchy
![Page 73: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
SysML Ports (e.g.)
RE'2013 73Master Technologies de l'Internet - 2ième année 73
Flot hydraulique
Flot électrique
Interface logicielle
signal
![Page 74: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Parametric Diagrams (par) To express constraints between value properties
◦ equations◦ support for engineering analysis (e.g., performance)◦ identification of critical performance properties
Constraint block captures equations◦ Expression language can be formal (e.g., MathML, OCL)◦ Computational engine is not provided by SysML
Parametric diagram ◦ usage of the constraints in an analysis context
RE'2013 74
![Page 75: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Block Definition Diagram
RE'2013 75
![Page 76: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Parametrics (e.g. 1)
RE'2013 76
![Page 77: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
SysML behavioraldiagrams Activity Sequence State Machine Use Case
RE'2013 77
![Page 78: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
ActivityDiagrams (act) to specify
◦ controlled sequence of actions◦ the flow of inputs/outputs ◦ control, including sequence and conditions for
coordinate activities
Swimlanes◦ to show responsibility of the activity
RE'2013 78
![Page 79: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
ActivityDiagrams (cont.) Improvements from UML:
◦ continuous or discrete flow◦ control operators
to start/stop other actions◦ Overwrite and NoBufferports
for continuous flows◦ probabilities on transitions or parameters
RE'2013 79
![Page 80: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
ActivityDiagrams (e.g.)
RE'2013 80
![Page 81: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
SequenceDiagrams (sd) Like UML
RE'2013 81
![Page 82: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
State Machine Diagrams (stm) Like UML
RE'2013 82
![Page 83: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Use Case Diagrams (uc) Like UML
RE'2013 83
![Page 84: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
SysML cross-cutting constructs Allocation Requirement Diagrams
RE'2013 84
![Page 85: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Allocation General relationship between two elements of
the model Different kinds of allocation:
◦ Functionality - component◦ Logical component – physical component◦ Software – hardware◦ …
Usable in a lot of different diagrams Usable under graphical or tabular representation
RE'2013 85
![Page 86: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Allocation (e.g.) Use of swimlanes
RE'2013 86
![Page 87: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
RequirementDiagrams (req)
We will focuss on them soon…
RE'2013 87
![Page 88: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Rational and Problems
RE'2013 88
![Page 89: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Cross-connecting elements
RE'2013 89
![Page 90: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Example of methodology
RE'2013 90
Black Box Use Case Scenarios
Requirements Diagram
Black Box Use Case Model,System Level Operational Contracts
White Box Use Case ModelLogical Subsystem Operational Contracts
Deployment Model,HW/SW allocated Operational Contracts
Req
uir
emen
ts R
epo
sito
ryTest D
atabase
White Box Use Case Scenarios
System Use Cases
Links providing traceability to original requirements
Physical SubsystemUse Case Scenarios
ICD
HW/SW Design
System Architectural Design
Use
Cas
e A
naly
sis
Abstracted Use Case Models
System Functional Analysis
Requirements Analysis
Definition of System Use Cases
Updated Logical Subsystem OpCons
Requirements Capture
Definition of Phys.SS Use Cases
HW/SW Trade Off
Physical Subsystem Use Cases
System Use Cases
Logical Subsystem OpCons
Use Case Consistency Analysis
White Box Analysis
System LevelOpCons
Black Box Analysis
Use Case 1
HW/SW Specs
HARMONY- SE (i-Logix)
![Page 91: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
RE'2013 91
Summary Introduction System Engineering Systems Requirements Requirements elicitation process KAOS overview SysML overview Requirements in SysML Mapping KAOS models into SysML models Practical case study
![Page 92: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
RE'2013 92
Requirement diagram Other diagrams
◦ To link use cases in a Use Case diagram◦ To allocate them to block in a Block Def. Diag.◦ Etc.
In tables
Requirements in SysML
![Page 93: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
RequirementDiagrams (req)
<<requirement>> allows to represent a text based requirement◦ Includes one identifier id and some textual properties◦ Can add user defined properties ◦ Can add user defined requirement categories
Requirements can be ◦ decomposed◦ specialized
Requirement relationships◦ « deriveRqt », « refine »◦ « satisfy », « verify »◦ « trace », « copy »
RE'2013 93
![Page 94: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
RE'2013 94
Basic definition
- Stereotype- Id- text
![Page 95: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Requirements Tables
RE'2013 95
![Page 96: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
RE'2013 96
Between requirements◦ Containment◦ Refine◦ Derive◦ Specialize◦ Copy◦ Trace
Between requirements and others◦ Satisfy◦ Verify◦ Refine◦ Trace
Requirements Relationships
![Page 97: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
RE'2013 97
Depicting relationship directly
![Page 98: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
RE'2013 98
Relationship in compartments
satisfiedBy
<<block>> Camera
![Page 99: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
RE'2013 99
Relationship with callout
![Page 100: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
RE'2013 100
Relationship with tables
http://ojs.academypublisher.com/index.php/jsw/article/viewFile/03065768/988
![Page 101: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
RE'2013 101
Requirements organized into package structure
Requirements hierarchies
![Page 102: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
RE'2013 102
Requirements organized using containment
Requirements hierarchies
![Page 103: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
RE'2013 103
Implies an analysis
Requirement Derivation
![Page 104: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
RE'2013 104
Reducing ambiguity
![Page 105: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
RE'2013 105
Tracing between requirements When you don’t want to be more precise
![Page 106: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
RE'2013 106
Copying requirements
![Page 107: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
RE'2013 107
Example of traceability links
![Page 108: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
RE'2013 108
Not too much if used only for requirements Added value when related to other elements Easy import/export
Why requirements in SysML ?
![Page 109: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
RE'2013 109
Summary Introduction System Engineering Systems Requirements Requirements elicitation process KAOS overview SysML overview Requirements in SysML Mapping KAOS models into SysML models Practical case study
![Page 110: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
RE'2013 110
Mapping Modeling concepts◦ Goal <<requirement>> ◦ Requirement <<requirement>> (system)◦ Expectation <<requirement>> (user)◦ Resolutions <<requirement>> (system or user)◦ Entity Block◦ Operation activity or Block operation◦ Environment Agents Actors◦ System Agents Blocks/components
Mapping KAOS models into SysML models
![Page 111: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
RE'2013 111
Relationships◦ Decomposition
Or multiple <<refine>> And composition
◦ Concerns <<satisfy>> No direct mapping
◦ Obstacles◦ Conflicts
Mapping KAOS models into SysML models (ctd.)
![Page 112: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
RE'2013 112
Mapping KAOS/SysML: example
![Page 113: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
RE'2013 113
Transformation Framework
Conforms toConforms to
Through Through
Transformed into
Conforms toConforms toConforms to
Conforms toConforms toConforms to
Meta -metamodel
SysMLMetamodel
ATLMetamodel
KAOSMetamodel
ATL Rules
SysML Model KAOS Model
SysML Log Model
KAOS Log Model
![Page 114: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
RE'2013 114
Summary Introduction System Engineering Systems Requirements Requirements elicitation process KAOS overview SysML overview Requirements in SysML Mapping KAOS models into SysML models Practical case study
![Page 115: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
RE'2013 115
Practical case study Hybrid Utility Vehicle (HUV)
◦ From http://www.uml-sysml.org/sysml
Cable TV
![Page 116: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 116
![Page 117: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 117
![Page 118: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 118
![Page 119: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 119
![Page 120: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 120
![Page 121: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 121
![Page 122: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 122
![Page 123: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 123
![Page 124: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 124
![Page 125: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 125
![Page 126: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 126
![Page 127: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 127
![Page 128: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
HSUV (cont.)
RE'2013 128
![Page 129: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
RE'2013 129
Cable TV (UC diagram)
![Page 130: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
RE'2013 130
Cable TV (Requirements)
![Page 131: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
RE'2013 131
Cable TV (Requirements links)
![Page 132: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
RE'2013 132
Cable TV (Traceability links)
![Page 133: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
Cable TV (KAOS/SysML)◦ Requirement <<requirement>> (system)◦ Expectation <<requirement>> (user)◦ Object Block◦ Operation activity or Block operation◦ Decomposition
Or multiple <<refine>> And composition
◦ Satisfy <<satisfy>>
RE'2013 133
![Page 134: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Conclusions KAOS
◦ Goal-oriented modeling language◦ Special role at Requirements elicitation
SysML is: ◦ a specific language for complex systems◦ strongly UML-Based◦ focusing on analysis
SysML is not:◦ a method◦ just a UML profile◦ sufficient in itself
Synergy between KAOS and SysML!
RE'2013 134
![Page 135: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
135
Develop an MDD framework to automatically derive SysML requirement and block models from KAOS models and vice-versa.
How to address the KAOS model elements that do not have direct correspondence to SysML◦ E.g. Obstacles and resolutions, conflicts
RE'2013
Future challenges
![Page 136: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Thanks for your attention!Question / Discussions Any question? Anycomments?
RE'2013 136
??
![Page 137: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
RE'2013 138
A. v. Lamsweerde. "GoalOriented Requirements Engineering: A Guided Tour”, presented at the 5th IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, Toronto, Canada, 2001.
A. v. Lamsweerde. Requirements Engineering: From System Goals to UML Models to Software Specifications. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.
Jean Michel Bruel and Pascal Roques. "Présentation des concepts de SysML. Chap. 4 of the book: "Modélisation et analyse de systèmes embarqués", Hermès Book, To be published in June 2013.
Manzoor Ahmad, JeanMichel Bruel, R `egine Laleau, Christophe Gnaho. Using RELAX, SysML and KAOS for Ambient Systems Requirements Modeling. Procedia Computer Science 10 (2012) 474–481.
Jon Whittle, Pete Sawyer, Nelly Bencomo, Betty H. C. Cheng and JeanMichel Bruel. RELAX: A Language to Address Uncertainty in SelfAdaptive Systems Requirements.
I. Sommerville, Software Engineering, Addison-Wesley, 9th Edition, 2010
References
![Page 138: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
RE'2013 139
References and links
Books◦ « A Practical Guide to SysML », A. Moore, R. Steiner, S. Friedenthal, The
MK/OMG Press, MK/OMG Press, 2011 (2ndedition).◦ « Embedded Systems Analysis and Modelingwith SysML, UML and AADL »,
F. Kordon, J. Hugues, A. Canals, A. Dohet, Wiley, 2013.
Internet◦ OMG, Object Management Group (http://www.omgsysml.org/)◦ AFIS, Association Françaised’IngénierieSystème, (http://www.afis.fr/)◦ INCOSE, International Council on Systems, (http://www.incose.org/)◦ The SysML spec: http://www.omg.org/spec/SysML/1.3/PDF
![Page 139: Model-Based Systems Requirements](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062312/554fb7c8b4c9050e7d8b46a0/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
RE'2013 140
References and links (ctd. )
Tools◦ Papyrus (http://www.papyrusuml.org)◦ TopCased (http://topcased.gforge.enseeiht.fr/)◦ Artisan Software / Real-time Studio (http://www.artisansw.com/)◦ Embedded Plus / SysML Toolkit for RSDP (http://www.embeddedplus.com/)◦ I-Logix / Rhapsody (http://www.ilogix.com/sublevel.aspx?id=53)◦ SparxSystems / Enterprise Architect (http://www.sparxsystems.com/sysml)◦ Telelogic / Tau G2 (http://www.telelogic.com/products/tau/index.cfm)◦ MagicDraw (http://www.nomagic.com/)