Modals
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Transcript of Modals
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MODALS
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MODALS
The modal auxiliaries generally
express speaker’s attitudes.
For example, modals can express
that a speaker feels something is
necessary, advisable, permissible, po
ssible or probable.
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Can, could, had better, may, might, must,
ought to, shall, should, will, would
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MODALS THAT EXPRESS NECESSITY OR OBLIGATION
Must
Have to
Have got to (informal)You must eat healthy food!
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MODALS THAT EXPRESS ADVISABILITY
Should
Ought (to)
Have better
Could
You should
drink water
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PAST FORM OF SHOULD
Should + past participle
Example:
You should have called us
You should have written the essay last week
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EXPRESSING EXPECTATIONS
Be supposed to expresses the idea that someone expects something to happen also scheduled events
Ex: The meeting is supposed to begin at 08:00 am
Expresses expectations about behavior
Ex: The kids are supposed to clean up their room
Be supposed to in the past expresses unfulfilled expectations
Ex: Jack was supposed to call me last night. I wonder why he didn’t.
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POLITE REQUESTS WITH “I” AS THE SUBJECT
May or Might and Could I are used to request permission. They are equally polite
Ex: May I use your bathroom?
Could I borrow your bathroom?
Can I is used informally to request permission, especially if the speaker is talking to someone he knows fairly well
Ex: Can I use the bathroom?
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POLITE REQUEST WITH “YOU” AS THE SUBJECT
The meaning of Would you, will you, could you is the same. Would you is more common and is often considered more polite. The degree of politeness is often determine by the speaker’s tone of voice
Ex: Would you please pass me the bottle?
Will you please pass me the bottle?
Could you please pass me the bottle?
The auxiliary “Can” is often used informally. It sounds less polite than Could you and would you.
Ex: Can you please pass me the bottle?
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POLITE REQUEST WITH WOULD YOU MIND
Asking for permission
Would you mind, if I is followed by the simple
past
Ex: Would you mind if I closed the door?
Is the same if I say: May I closed the door?
Will I cause you any trouble if I close the
door?
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MAKING SUGGESTIONS: LET’S, WHY DON’T, SHALL I/WE
Let’s is followed by the simple form of a verb
Negative form: let’s + no + simple verb
Ex: Let’s go to a movie
Let’s not go to a movie
Let’s stay home.
Why don’t is used to make friendly suggestions
Why don’t we go to a movie?