English Tenses and Modal Auxiliaries Luis Ernesto Martínez Lara..
Modal Verb auxiliaries
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Transcript of Modal Verb auxiliaries
8/9/2019 Modal Verb auxiliaries
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You must go out = OBLIGATION
You should go out = ADVICE
ou may go out = PERMISSION
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must, should, can...
are called
MODAL VERBS OR
MODAL AU ILIARY VERBS
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Modal verbs are used to
!"#$!ss th! su%&!'t()!
att(tud!s a*d o#(*(o*s
o+ th! s#!a,!$ (*'lud(*g #oss(%(l(ty- #$o%a%(l(ty-
*!'!ss(ty- o%l(gat(o*-#!$m(ss(o*- a%(l(ty-
a*d d!s($!.
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What are modals
can c o u l d may
might
m u s t
shall
should
willwould
ought to
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Some features
of the modals
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/Modal )!$%s a$! (*)a$(a%l!0
o*! +o$m +o$ all th! #!$so*s.
That m!a*s you must*1t add
/s to th! th($d s(*gula$ #!$so*.
She musts study.ORShe must studies
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Modal verbs don't need the "do support
in negative and interrogative
sentences.
ou don't should tell him.
You shouldn't tell him.
Do you can swim
!an you swim
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a l ) ! $ % s a $ ! a l 2 a y s + o l l o 2
t h ! % a s ! + o $ m o + t h ! ) ! $ %
in#nitive without $O%
You must to go.
You shouldn't eating so much.
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- M o d a l v e r b s d o n o t h a v e
e i t h e r t h e i n # n i t i v e & o r m
t h e p a s t p a r t i c i p l e
t h e & u t u r e t e n s e
o r t h e - i n g f o r m
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W A R N I N
All th!s! $ul!s
must %! a##l(!d to modal )!$%s.
But 2hat a%out th! )!$%s
HAVE TO BE ABLE TO
a*d NEED TO
3
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HAVE TO a*d BE ABLE TO
do *ot sha$! all th! +!atu$!s
o+ th! modals %ut th!y do sha$!
som! o+ th! us!s0
o%l(gat(o*=
a%(l(ty=
HAVE TO
BE ABLE TO
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L!t1s s!! som! !"am#l!s...
I don't have to wake up earlto!orrow" It'# Sunda "
$ou will have to #tud hardi% ou want to pa## the e&a!"
She ha# to o now"Her !u! i# waitin %or her"
Do ou have to work at the weekend(
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())D $O
is not a modal verb
since it has the same forms as
the so-called full verbs
(go, change, drive, drink,etc.)
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ABILITY
/ CAN - My cousin, who is only 2 years old, can already speak.- Can your sister play the piano?- Messi can play football very well.- Let’s buy some Chinese food. can’t cook very well.
/ BE ABLE TO - My uncle, who is a chef, is able to prepare delicious
dishes.- f you save money, you will be able to buy a new car.
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ABILITY IN T4E PAST
COULD
- !hen was four years old, could read and write.- "arah’s #randmother could sin# very well.- My cousin couldn’t swim until last year and now she can
swim better than me.
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RE5UEST6 (*+o$mal PERMISSION
CAN
- Can you pass me the salt, please? (REQUEST)- Can come in? (ASK FOR PERMISSION)- $k, you can leave now. (GIVE PERMISSION)
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POLITE RE5UEST
COULD - Could you help me with this e%ercise? t’s so difficult.
C$&L' is also used to make a politesu##estion.
() ’m #oin# to *olland ne%t week.
+) $h, really? ou could visit your 'utch relatives then.
MAY - Mrs. Lola, may #o to the toilet?- $k ou may leave.
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RE5UEST 7 'o.
YOU3 9as, som!o*! to h!l# you: - !ill you help me with the suitcases, please? hey’re so heavy.
8OULD 9+o$mal $!;u!st: - !ould you open the window, please? t’s so hot in here.
ALL I3 9o++!$ to h!l# som!o*!:
- "hall help you with your lu##a#e?
8OULD 9ma,! a* o++!$: - !ould you like a sandwich?
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N!"!SSI#$%&'LI A#I&N
M U S T
* g o % l ( g a t ( o * 0 l a 2 - a u t h o $ (
- "tudents in private schools must wear a uniform. /&L01
- (ll of our friends are #oin# to that party. !e must #o too.0C0"" 1
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N!"!SSI#$%&'LI A#I&N
MUST 4AVE TOThe
obligationcome
!"om the#ea$e"
Theobligation
%oe n&tcome !"omthe #ea$e"
M&M) ou must be home by 33 o’clock.
ou #o out. !hen it’s time to #o, you can say)
4 ’ll leave. have to stay home by 33 o’clock.5
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MUST / 4AVE TO
The' ha e mo"e o" le the ame meaningb t*
+AVE TO i e% !o" all the !o"m MUST%oe n&t ha e, Mo"eo e"- +AVE TO i e% inthe inte""ogati e entence,- 'o you have to #o ri#ht now?
- esterday had to do the washin# because the washin#-machine broke down.
- f you want to be successful, you will have to work very hard.
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N! A#I(! )&RM
MUSTN1T DON1T6DOESN1T4AVE TO
P"ohibition No obligation- no nece it'
- ou mustn’t smoke in the premises. " 6/$* + 0', "$ (LL$!0'1
- ou don’t have to wear a uniform at school. " $0C0""(/ 1
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Also see...
NEEDN1T = DON1T6DOESN1T 4AVE TO
- "he needn’t brin# anythin#7 there’s lots of food.-
"he doesn’t have to brin# anythin#7 there’s lots of food.
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MUST
'!$ta(*ty that som!th(*g (s t$u!. It& / o&cloc$, Sall' m t be at 0o"$, (I&M SURE)
CAN1T
'!$ta(*ty that som!th(*g (s (m#oss(. It& / o&cloc$, Sall' can&t be at home, (IT&S IMPOSSI12E)
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S4OULD6OUG4T TO
- A% ice- O#inion
- Mo"al % t'
- 3o o ght to im#"o e 'o " manne" ,- I thin$ 'o ho l% tell him the t" th,- 4a"ol ho l% i it he" g"an%!athe" mo"e o!ten,