Interactive Content Authoring for A153 ATSC Mobile Digital Television Employing Open Source Tools
Mobile Television
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Transcript of Mobile Television
![Page 1: Mobile Television](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051413/559055aa1a28ab213e8b45c1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mobile Television
Chirag UnadkatCommunications Convergence: Wireless Communication in
Today’s AgeIndian Merchants’ Chamber
March 07, 2008
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Convergence
• Meeting or converging of different technologies
• Computing, telecommunications, media / entertainment
• Computing, telecommunications, finance / banking
• Computing, telecommunications, ???
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Computing
• Brings interactivity to convergence• Contributes file formats, protocols, software
(such as media players)• Allows for easy manipulation (such as
copying, back-up, editing, renaming)• Facilitates different types of usages –
intermittent, low or high quality, normal or high speed, etc.
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Telecommunications
• Tele Distance
• Communications Transfer of data / signals
• In convergence, telecommunications help bridge the distance between the service provide and the end-users
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Media / Entertainment
• Content
• Films, television, music, news, chat or discussions, etc.
• Various physical forms – print / text, voice, images / graphics, video, simulations
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Convergence
Use of telecommunication to deliver media / entertainment content to end-users for use
with computing technologies
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Mobile Television
• A prime example of convergence
• Use of telecommunications to deliver television (media / entertainment) to a mobile phone using computing technologies and providing computer-like features such as interactivity, selection, etc.
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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The Mobile Television Route
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Different Ways of Getting Television on your Mobile
• Using GPRS / 3G (Unicast / Multicast)
• Using broadcast technologies
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Bandwidth Requirements forMobile TV
• Depends upon– Screen size / resolution– Color depth– Frame Rate– Compression
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Screen Size
• Most commercial phones would be in the CIF – VGA range
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Practical Mobile TV
• Screen size of around CIF – a little more than 100,000 pixels per frame
• Color depth of 24 bits per pixel
• Frame rate of around 24 fps
• Total bandwidth without compression = 100,000 pixels X 24 bits per pixel X 24 frames per second = 57.6 Mbps
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Compression
• Compression depends upon desired quality, type of images and compression technique
• Static shots are better compressed than action shots
• H.264 can give a compression as high as 40 – 70
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Bottom Line
• Required bandwidth = 57.6 Mbps without compression
• Compression in the region of 50
• Actual bandwidth needed = 57.6 / 50 = 1.152 Mbps. Say, around 1.2 Mbps
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GPRS
• Also often referred to as 2.5G
• Bandwidth ranges from 56 kbps to 114 kbs
• Not adequate for professional quality entertainment content like television (needs at least 1.2 Mbps)
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3G
• High bandwidth data transfer techniques for mobile phones
• Current 3G BTS offers bandwidth of 2.5 Mbps• Since each TV subscriber would need 1.2 Mbps, a
single 3G BTS would be able to service 2 TV customers
• No subscriber will be able to use the BTS for anything else during this time – no phone calls.
• Network Busy!
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The Opportunity Cost
• Each voice call is between 8 and 16 kbps. World-wide, mobile calls are generally at 12.2 kbps
• At around 12 kbps per call, a single BTS can handle more than 200 simultaneous calls
• At an average of Re. 1 / minute of calling, each BTS has the potential of earning a revenue of Rs. 200 per minute
• If 2 subscribers watch TV using this BTS, then the telco loses almost Rs. 200 per minute by way of call revenues
• If telco tries to recover this from the TV viewers, each viewer will have to pay Rs. 100 per minute of TV viewing
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Using unicast techniques like GPRS / 3G are therefore not
feasible for a mobile TV application
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Broadcast
• Broadcast means that one set of signals is transmitted out
• Outbound bandwidth is consumed only once
• Signals are in such a format that anyone can receive
• Radio and broadcast television use this technique
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Broadcast to Mobiles
• Current GSM / GPRS / 3G technologies are built for one-to-one communications and not for many-to-one communications such as broadcast
• Different technologies have to evolve to broadcast to mobile phones
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Problems with Broadcast to Mobiles
• Reception at high speeds
• Antenna size
• Power requirements
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Solutions
• Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcast (T-DMB)
• Integrated Services Digital Broadcast – Handhelds (ISDB-H)
• Chinese Multimedia Broadcast (CMMB)• Media Forward Link Only (MediaFLO)• Digital Video Broadcast – Handhelds (DVB-H)• ……..
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How They All Work
• Transmitters on tall towers• Broadcast of signals• Special mobile phones enabled for mobile TV• Switch phone to TV mode and select the channel
to view from amongst available channels• Take a call in the middle of a TV program• Broadcasting does not use the BTS at all.
Transmitters are similar to the terrestrial transmitters used by Doordarshan. BTS bandwidth is irrelevant
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How They Differ
• Type of signals
• Bandwidth in MHz per channel
• Bandwidth in Mbps per channel
• Distance from transmitters
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Technical Comparison
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DVB-H Market Share
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The Indian Scene
• DVB-H is expected to be largely through terrestrial transmissions
• Currently, only Doordarshan can transmit terrestrially in India
• Doordarshan has started DVB-H trials in Delhi
• Results of the trial will determine commercial launch by Doordarshan
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Before That
• Who is the regulator? The Communications regulator or the broadcast regulator?
• Who are the service providers? Telcos or broadcast companies?
• How will terrestrial spectrum be allocated?
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The Way Forward
• Release terrestrial broadcast spectrum – stopping one DD channel can facilitate as many as 20 – 30 channels of mobile television
• Choose service providers in a transparent manner• Let the service provider choose the technology• Let there be multiple service providers and,
hopefully, multiple technologies initially• May the best man win!
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What The Indian Consumers Want
• Survey conducted across 10 cities of India• 448 respondents• Respondents expected to watch 75 minutes of
mobile TV per day – as much TV as they watch right now.
• Respondents willing to pay a as much for mobile TV as they pay for cable. The actual cost to service providers is around Re. 1 per month per channel!
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Expected Consumption Pattern in India
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Content Preference
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Willingness to Buy TV Capable Instruments
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In most countries, mobile TV is expected to be broadcaster lead,
with telecommunication companies playing a supporting
role.
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The Role of Telecom Companies
• Can provide billing support• Return channel for interactivity and value
addition• Precise data on viewing patterns and
consumer preferences• Logistic support – instrument and service
support, changes in subscription parameters, etc.
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Conclusions
• Mobile TV broadcasts are feasible – technologies exist and have been successful in other parts of the world
• Indian consumers are willing to invest (instruments) and spend (subscriptions) for mobile TV
• Indian consumers expect to see a lot of mobile TV• There is a market for varied content in the mobile
TV market