1.Anything that won't sell, I don't want to invent. Its sale is proof of utility, and utility is success.- Thomas A. Edison Chirag Chaudasi

2. Hoax or Fact...? Chirag Chaudasi 3.

Over the course of the past decade, numerous electromagnetic field sources have become the focus of health concerns, to name a few

Radars

Power lines

Security devices

Microwave ovens

Computer and TV screens

Mobile phones & their base stations

Chirag Chaudasi 4. Mobile Radiation

Mobile phones useElectromagnetic Radiationin theMicrowave * range, which some believe may be harmful to human health

* Microwave frequency ranges from 300 MHz to 300 GHz

Chirag Chaudasi 5. TheInternational EMF Project

In response to public concern, the World Health Organization established theInternational EMF Projectin 1996 to assess the scientific evidence of possible health effects of EMF in the frequency range from 0 to 300GHz

Chirag Chaudasi 6. They Concluded

Extensive research has been conducted into possible health effects of exposure to many parts of the frequency spectrum *andfound that they do not produce any known adverse health effect

* Frequency range from 0300GHz

Chirag Chaudasi 7. Concern

As of June 2009, there were more than 4.3 billion users worldwide

The Electromagnetic Radiation density is higher than ever and increasing

Source: Market data summary (Q2 2009)".GSM association. Retrieved 2010-01-30

Chirag Chaudasi 8. Effects(proposed/under research)

Radiation absorption

• Part of the radio waves emitted by a mobile telephone handset are absorbed by the humanhead

Thermal effects

One well-understood effect of

microwave radiation isdielectric

heating

Non-thermal effects

Production ofheat shock proteinsin order to defend the cell against metaboliccell stresscaused by heat

Chirag Chaudasi 9. Effects(2)

Blood-brain barrier effects

Study on effects of microwave radiation on the rat brain found a leakage ofalbumininto the brain via a permeatedblood-brain barrier

Cancer

In 2006 a large Danish study about the connection between mobile phone use and cancer incidence published which followed over 420,000 Danish citizens for 20 years and showed no increased risk of cancer

Cognitive effects

In 2009 a study confirmed longer (slower) response times to a spatial working memory task when exposed to a standard GSM cellular phone placed next to the head of male subjects

Chirag Chaudasi 10. Effects(3)

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity

Burning &tingling sensationsin the skin of the head

Fatigue, sleep disturbances & dizziness

Loss of mentalattention & slow reaction times

Headaches & disturbances of thedigestive system

Genotoxic effects

Changes in reproductive capacity

Sleep effects

Sleep quality ( measurement of broken sleep)

Chirag Chaudasi 11. Factors Effecting The Exposure

Transmit Power

• GSMhandset 2watts

• US analogue phone - 3.6watts

• CDMA-2000&D-AMPS - below 1 watt

Distance between the Source & subject

Duration of exposure

Chirag Chaudasi 12. Precautionary Measures

Use hands-free to decrease the radiation to the head.

Keep the mobile phone away from the body.

Do not use telephone in a car without an external antenna.

Chirag Chaudasi 13. Conclusion

Over exposure to sun can cause cancer

Exposure to high temperature can burn

Prolonged use of medicine can cause disease/side effects

Same goes with effects of Mobile Radiation

Chirag Chaudasi 14. Verdict

There is no proven research that can concretely attribute Electromagnetic radiation hazards to the use of Mobile phones

The precautionary measures can be adopted to keep a check on exposure levels

' Biological effect ' does not equal Health hazard *

* http://www.who.int/peh-emf/about/WhatisEMF/en/index1.html

Chirag Chaudasi 15. Chirag Chaudasi