Mobile Persuasion / Urban Computing

8/14/2019 Mobile Persuasion / Urban Computing

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Todays Class

Persuasion

CaptologyBackground from PsychologyTrans-Theoretical Model of Behavior Change

Mobile Persuasive ApplicationsShare results from Networking and Location Urban Computing

Familiar StrangerP ti i t S i


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Captology

BJ Fogg (Stanford) 1996

Computers as Persuasive TechnologiesWorld peace in 30 years


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Mobile Persuasion

Mobile phones will soon become the mo

important platform for changing human b

Applications that help people make changlives

HealthcareW ll


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8 step process for design

BJ Foggs 8 simple steps for creating apps

behavior change: Choose a simple behavior to target Choose a receptive audience

Find what prevents the target behavior Choose a familiar technology channel Find relevant examples of persuasive techno Imitate successful examples


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Trans-Theoretical Model of Behavior Ch

Prochaska 1992 Stages of Making a change in behavior:

Pre-contemplation - "people are not intending to takthe foreseeable future, usually measured as the next

Contemplation - "people are intending to change in tmonths"

Preparation - "people are intending to take action in immediate future, usually measured as the next mon

Action - "people have made specific overt modificatlife styles within the past 6 months"

Maintenance - "people are working to prevent relaps


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TTM

Interventions should be stage-matchedEarlier stages involve building awareness, deLater stages involve goals and commitments

Challenges:Riemsma 2003 Interventions that are stage-mabetter than common intervention for allClear boundaries between stages, not so clear inMore going back and forth than a real stage-matintervention allows for


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Goffman

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (19Impression Management (front stage, backstaThe performance encompasses all the activity ofindividual which occurs during a period marked bycontinuous presence before a particular set of obse

Backstage is a place, relative to a given performanwhere the impression fostered by the performanceknowingly contradicted as a matter of course...Her

performer can relax; he can drop his front, forgospeaking his lines, and step out of character...[it is]


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Examples in the market

Nike+

Many mobile food choice apps Calorie lookup apps

Logging apps (workout, food, weight, etc.FitBit, WiThings, etc.

Persuade to give up info (GMail, Foursqua


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Use

Who in the class has used a mobile persua

application? Web persuasive application?


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Health Applications

When do we eat?

Kay ConnellyLow-literacy, kidney disease patientsBuild awareness of what and when they eatVital tomaintaining health

Awareness led to

better eating


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Mobile Health Applications

Zeer

Mobile ingredients lists know what youreuBox

Medication reminder/dosing

uPhoneMobile tool for rural health professionals

Track disease/keep digital records


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BeWell - asthma

Log episodes, upload to doctor

Leads to better carePersuasion to keep more accurate logs for

http://www.bewellmobile.com/
http://www.bewellmobile.com/http://www.bewellmobile.com/


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Houston

Sunny Consolvo et al (Intel, UW)


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Design Recommendations from

Give users proper credit for activities

Provide personal awareness of activity levSupport social influence

Consider the practical constraints of users


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UbiFit Garden


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Glanceable displays and persuas


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EcoIsland being more green

Shiraishi et al

Sense behaviorsPersuade to makemore green choices


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Design Strategies for Behavior Chan

(Sunny Consolvo et al)1. Abstract & Reflective. Use data abstraction, rather than

explicit data collected from the user and any technologieinformation to encourage the user to reflect on his/her bshowing the user what s/he has done and how those behto his/her goal.

2. Unobtrusive. Present and collect data in an unobtrusivemake it available when and where the user needs it, withunnecessarily interrupting his/her everyday life or callinhim/her.

3. Public. Present and collect the data, which is personal ithat the user is comfortable in the event that others may

or otherwise become aware of it. Because the data needsavailable whenever and wherever the user needs it, it is


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Design Strategies for Behavior C

4. Aesthetic . If the display and any accompanying devicas a personal object(s) that may be used over time, the

be inquisitive and sustain interest. The physical and vof the technology must be comfortable and attractive the users personal style.

5. Positive . Use positive reinforcement to encourage chathe user for performing the desired behavior and attaigoal. When the desired behavior is not performed, thenot receive a reward nor a punishment, but his/her intbe sustained.

6. Controllable. When appropriate, permit the user to addelete, and otherwise manipulate data so that it reflectbehaviors that s/he deems suitable The user should b


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Social Games

Foursquare encouraging location sharingMayorships, checkin points


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Persuasive games based on rh

Airport Insecurity

http://www.persuasivegames.com/games/gam?game=airportinsecurity
http://www.persuasivegames.com/games/game.aspx?game=airportinsecurityhttp://www.persuasivegames.com/games/game.aspx?game=airportinsecurityhttp://www.persuasivegames.com/games/game.aspx?game=airportinsecurityhttp://www.persuasivegames.com/games/game.aspx?game=airportinsecurity


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Ethical Issues

What data is being collected

Persuasion = Manipulation?Voluntary disclosure (to whom?)


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Persuasion in your systems?

Could your apps persuade people to

Spend more time with friendsWalk a little out of your wayReflect on your pastUse public transit more oftenBe more artistic and share with others

Become smarter


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Sharing from Location Assign

What was interesting?

What was unexpected? How does this change how you are approayour project for the class (if at all)?


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Urban Computing


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Urban Computing

Overview of Urban Computing

Familiar Stranger PhenomenonParticipatory Sensing

Community FeedbackUrban GamesPhysical Tagging


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What is urban computing?

Computation in urban settings

Usually mobile or installed in environmenSeeks to engage residents to become enga

Citizen Science (Paulos et al)


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Domains of Urban Computin

Participatory Sensing

TrafficPollutionEtc.

Community FeedbackBroken Sidewalks

Harassment (hollabacknyc.com)


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Why urban computing

Cities provide:

Critical mass of people using a given technoMany interactions with new people and placOpportunity for people to contribute to socie

Every phone is a data collection device


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Familiar Strangers

Stanley Milgram (1972)

Someone you recognize but do not interact wShare trains, buses, etc.See coming out of work/apartment buildingPeople you recognize at the grocery storeUsually mutual (e.g. not celebrity)


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Familiar Stranger Study

Who do we know and why dont we talk tTrain station in NJ

Took photo ofpeoplewaiting forthe train

Returned and

asked those


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Findings

89% of people recognized at least one person

"We studied the familiar strangers. We spoketo them in station after station, and this is what

they told us. As the years go by, familiarstrangers become harder to talk to. The barrierhardens. And we know if we were to meetone of these strangers far from the station, say,when we were abroad, we would stop, shakehands, and acknowledge for the first time that

k h h B h "


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Why Familiar Strangers?

People more likely to help familiar strange

total strangers when in need Familiar strangers who meet in non-familimore likely to introduce themselves, talk

Increase feelings of community Increase feelings of safety


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Intel + UC Berkeley

Project to explore familiar strangers

Replicated Milgram Study in Berkeley Pla

http://www.paulos.net/research/intel/familiar/index.htm
http://www.paulos.net/research/intel/familiarstranger/index.htmhttp://www.paulos.net/research/intel/familiarstranger/index.htmhttp://www.paulos.net/research/intel/familiarstranger/index.htmhttp://www.paulos.net/research/intel/familiarstranger/index.htm


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Findings from Berkeley Study

Milgram 89% of people recognized one personIntel 77% (less set times, BART station, not coThose interviewed valued information about fammost when they felt unsafe and when they had a options.

Would respect a venue more if people they knethere

What if my device showed that I didnt know anwould feel worried about my safety in a crowd.


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Other uses of Familiar Strang

See you on the Subway Belloni et al (20


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Other uses of Familiar Strang

Telelogs (Davis and Karahalios 2005)


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Familiar Strangers

Do you have familiar strangers in your life

Do you ever talk to them? After how longHave you ever run into them in a differentEver come to their aid?


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Smart Mobs

TXTmob: a open source text messaging system ucoordinate protests during the United States Repu

Presidential Convention in 2004 (Justo, 2004) Orange Revolution: a series of protests and polcoordinated using text messaging that took placeUkraine in 2004 that exposed massive corruptionintimidation, and direct electoral fraud between cViktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych (Mye2005).

People Power 2: a four-day popular revolution tpeacefully overthrew Philippine president Joseph


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Participatory Sensing

Systems that allow the public to systemati

observe, study, reflect on, and share their uworld (participatorysensing.org) Turning citizens into scientists

Let billions of phones be the sensors to learnworld and make it better

Hopefully carefullyData needs to be easy to interpret/visualize


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Feral Robots (U of London)

Robots with environmental sensors on.

Drove around park measuring air quality.Web interface to view results.


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Snout (U of London)

Extension to feral robots

Display air quality on clothing in a streetperformance


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MIT Inquiry with Imagery

Seeing the city through different eyes th


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Garbage Watch (Estrin et al)

Mobile upload of trashcans that are full

Help to get thememptied

Work with reduced staffcleaning cansIdentify where recyclingbins should be placedMost cleaning staff do


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Networked Naturalist (Estrin

Project Bud Burst (tracking flower bloomi

source unknown. All rights reserve


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Whats Invasive (Estrin et al)

Android app Log sightings of invasive plants of animalcommunity


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Noise Monitoring

Maisonneuve et al 2009 (Sony CS Lab)

Phones record noise, locationReported to and aggregated on central servVisualizations of aggregate data


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WeTap (Estrin et al)

Android app that maps public drinking fou

Map to visualize them on phone and web


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Pollution Sensing (Paulos et a

Accra Ghana pollution

sensing devices to cabdrivers for two weeks Micro-climates, pockets ofbad air

Drivers exchanged

information with each otherdrove different routes took Paulos E R Honicky and E Good


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Indoor Air Quality (Kim + Paulo

inAir system

People became more aware of air qualityTook steps to improve it:

Open window or turn on fan while cooking

Issues understanding cause and effect


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Traffic Monitoring

Berkeley and Nokia (2008)

Use GPS traces from mobile phones to infon Bay Area Roads EVERY taxi driver in SF Augmented with traffic loop sensors in roaetc.


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Concept currently used by Go

Areas with colors have had

people using Google Mapswith GPS on in the last fewminutes

Augmented with data fromgovt. sources


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Pulse of the City (Froehlich e

Barcelona bike stations


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Measuring the Pulse of the C

Patterns throughout the day


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Participatory Sensing - Issues

How do you end your experiment?

People in the community might now rely on Keep datasets available?Keep something simple running?

What if getting really popular, meeting dema


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Urban Games

Games that take place in the world

Use mobile devices Take advantage of proximity to others or uinfrastructure

Take place on human scale


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Picking Pockets on the Lawn (G

Takes place in a park setting

Goal to collect (and steal) coins


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Picking Pockets Side Effects

Used GPS could hide under a big tree to

invisible and thus not get your coins stoGot people active in the city!


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Disneys Kim Possible World Sh

Pick up phone from desk and pick a count

mission Phone guides you to country where you inwith environment in various ways

Take pictures of objects to prove location Make gong ring, interact with objects


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REXplorer

Mobile game to discover history of a city

Played in groupsPhone interacts with city as you travel aroUsers given quests as the travel around

Video:http://www youtube com/watch?v=Mf7m9
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mf7m97tF3Lshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mf7m97tF3Ls


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Meet Your Heartbeat Twin (X

Paris startup

Participants wear heart rate monitors You are paired up with someone with samheartbeat in your city

Need to keep heartbeats the same to staymatched and physically find each other


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Uncle Roy All Around You

Another game by Blast Theory

People show up on the street, given phoneminute countdown Need to collaborate with other players (vismap) to find Uncle Roy

Each player gets specific clues, but need c

others to complete puzzle


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Foursquare

Urban: Going about city and checking intoplaces

Game: Earning points, competing with fristrangers to be mayor


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Physical Tagging

Putting physical objects in the world that cscanned by mobile phones

Tags link to online content QR Codes:


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Je chante pour toi (XiLabs)

Post audio samples in physical places withphone

Put sticker in that place to notify others this there

They call a number to hear audio


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Urban Computing

Changing the way people engage with the

In your projects can usersProvide data (e.g. train arrivals, popular placlunch, etc.)

Interact with features of the city (music in palocations, places to meet up with friends, etcEngage with familiar strangers


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For next class

No specific assignment

Continue to work on final projects (only 4go!)

Next class will be on Large Scale DeploymInstrumentation, and Commercialization

+ short guest lecture by Andy Aftelak Directoh f l b l


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21W.789 Communicating with Mobile TechnologySpring 20 11

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Mobile Persuasion / Urban Computing

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