Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety - MHF · (MeeGo, Android, iPhone, ... Software download...

Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety

Anders FagerholtTylösand 20110830

Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 |


the connected car

Congestion fees

““Pay-As-You-Drive”- Insurance

Fees & ChargesFees & ChargesRemote Diagnostics

and SW Updates

Vehicle interactionVehicle interaction

Service Calls

Charging support for Electric Cars

Advertisementand Points Of Interest

InfotainmentInfotainment

Personal Information MgmtIn-car entertainmentTravel

Planning

Traffic Efficiency Traffic Efficiency

Traffic alerts

Traffic Safety Traffic Safety

eCallTraffic Hazard

warnings

Alco-lock

IntelligentSpeed

Adaptation

Traffic Mgmt

Eco Driving

Road Usage Charging


Securecom.

Adaptivemedia

deliveryPush

BroadcastMulticastGeocast

Web interface(REST, SOAP, AJAX, JSON, …)

3rd party service integration

Device/phone APIs(MeeGo, Android, iPhone, …)

Content Management

Service Enablement

Connectivity

Connected Vehicle PlatformInterfaces - Devices

Middleware and APIs

OS (Android, MeeGo, …)

hardware

TrafficTrafficefficiencyefficiency

Fees &Fees &chargescharges AutomotiveAutomotive TrafficTraffic

safetysafety InfotainmentInfotainment GoodsGoodsmgmtmgmt

Fees &Fees &chargescharges

VehicleVehicleinteractioninteraction


3G HSPA

GSM & 3G3G

e-CALL in Europe –which way to go?


What is e-CALL?

› Triggered by a car crash or by pressing an alarm button.› A voice call is set up and GPS-position + other data is sent.


Private and public e-CALL

› Private eCall's are operational today– Volvo OnCall, BMW Assist, PSA Apell d´Urgance, Toyota G-book

Alfa….– Private call centers forward information to Public Safety Answering

Points (PSAP).– Other services are offered on top of eCALL

› The EU Commission want to introduce a Pan-EU eCALL– Fully employed it would save 2000 lives per year and have an

positive impact also on injuries.– In all new car models from 2014 and all new cars from 2015?


Present status

› Standardization and legal framework are prepared– But not finished

› Pan-EU eCALL and Third Party Solutions may coexist– But the TPS-service must cover all EU Member States or have Pan-

EU eCALL as back-up.


IA=Impact Analysis


Ericsson supports ecall!› But Ericsson questions and doubts the EU eCALL technical solution!› Information about an accident shall be sent as audible ‘pulses’ through the voice channel

› This "Inband" way for sending information was thought to be “invisible” and useable worldwide

– The Inband holds some (substantial) shortcomings and hassles in modern networks

– Mobile Network upgrades, maintenances and verification will be needed frequently

– The Inband imposes limitations on the evolution into All-IP networks

– The Inband imposes limitations to the evolution of eCall itself !

In-Vehicle System

(IVS)Public safety Answering Point

(PSAP)

Doing it like this is OK!


eCall via Inband Modem - Critical Points

IVSData

modemSpeech Codec

MSD information

source

Microphone & Speakers

Radio Modem

PSAP Data

Modem

MSD Display

Microphone & Speakers

In-Vehicle System (IVS)

GPSReceiverPosition data

Radio Modem(BTS)

Speech Trans-coding (TRAU)

Mobile Switching

Center(MSC)

PLMN

PSTN/GSTN

Public-Safety Answering Point (PSAP)

2. Interface:analogue or Bluetooth

3. Pre-Processing:Level-ControlNoise ReductionAcoustic Echo Cancellation

4. Radio-Transmissionerrors, coverage,no retransmission

6. Clock-Slip:can happen

5. Processing:Acoustic Echo SuppressionLevel Adjustments

7. Processing:Hybrid Echo HandlingLevel Adjustments

8. In-Path-Equipment:

e.g. compression,VoIP,not standardized, many different networks

1. Unclear when to start

9. Clock-driftbetween IVS and PSAP

10. Full-Duplexcauses confusion with echo


The In-Band Modem› 140 octets of data (Minimum Set of Data), pulses sent over the voice channel in GSM› PSAP = Public Safety Answering Point› IVS = In Vehicle System

› Example here according to 3GPP Rel 9.1, no radio errors, some speech path delay:

PSAP

IVS

PSAP accepts PUSH, starts to send START

IVS triggers PUSH command

IVS accepts PUSH,starts to send SYNC and MSD

PSAP received MSD0, CRC OKIVS sends a second version MSD1

PSAP sends many (unnecessary)copies of ACK signal

P P P P P

S S S S S N N N N A A A A A

Y M S D0

M S D1

Transmission time for MSD0:about 1.3 sec!

Elapsed time after trigger:about 5 sec!

Voice channel blocked:about 12 sec!

The MSD-data


Recording in real life 3G-3G network, best example, using 8.5.0 = 9.4.0

Recording in real life 2G-2G network, frequent example, using 8.5.0 = 9.4.0

Note the substantial demolition of the signal due to unknown IPEs in the path.In both case IVS and PSAP were identical, so the differences come from the network. Every new call shows another picture. Often the Modem fails completely. Very often the PUSH is not heard by the PSAP.

PUSH

PUSH

START

START

SYNC

SYNC

MSD0

MSD0

MSD1

MSD1 MSD2

Expected field trial results

eCALL with In Band modem – not smart connected!


Ericsson is committed to › An alternative concept for eCall is developed and tested by Ericsson:

Voice is carried by a normal 112 emergency callReuse SMS technology for data - Enhanced emergency SMS – eSMS over the radio and SIP-messages in the networks

– eSMS reduces overall cost for cars, PSAP and network

– eSMS supports network evolutions into All-IP and Future Internet

– eSMS may be implemented without any real delay for eCall

– eSMS allows a flexible future evolution of eCall (text chat, encryption, Full Set of Data)

› New findings and alternative solutions needs to be considered!

– eSMS needs to be included in the EU Impact Analysis of eCall

– eSMS should be part of the eCall field trails in Europe starting 2011

› Don't bet it all on one horse!


VOICE IN Standard 112 anddata in e-SMS/SIP for e-CALL

PSAPPublic Safety Answering Point

BSC

Voice in a standard112 emergencyvoice call

A Standard 112 emergency voice call

MSC

Data in a “smart” SMS over the air!(eSMS is sent over the signaling channel FACCH to “112” in less than 1.5 sec in both directions, fully handshaken)

Data in a SIP - IPmessage. Matching of number in thePSAP

All othercalls andSMS´s

Same principles andfunctions in GSM and 3G

112 is the emergency number (911 in the US)emergency calls are re-routed in the Mobile Switching Center

112-re-routing




ESMS IS THE Low cost, future proof e-call solution› eSMS is independent of voice path

– No interruptions of the call– No limitations on voice path evolution– No dependency on Codec selection

› eSMS is simple to implement– Uses standard building blocks – minimum cost for all– Minimal impact on the fixed and mobile Networks– Decoupling of Networks and PSAP migration possible, once-and-for-all Network-upgrade

› eSMS is faster under all conditions

› eSMS has widest radio coverage

› eSMS is future proof– Bi-directional data exchange between Car and PSAP– Allows encryption– Easy to expand service – send more data– Can be also be beneficial for TPS-eCall

Road Hazard Warnings


Cellular communication Ad-hoc communication

Intersection assistant

Hazard warnings

Infotainment

Software download

Remote Diagnostics

Lane changeassistantCooperative

traffic lights

Traffic information

Remote Navigation

2G (GSM/EDGE)

3G (HSPA)

4G (LTE)

IEEE 802.11p (ad-hoc) on 5.9 GHz

Collisionavoidance

ITS technology mappingApplication Areas: Cellular vs. AD-Hoc


COCAR – A German research and demo project

Cellular Communication System

External Service Provider

Traffic Management Center


CAR2CAR road hazard warnings over cellular

!

!

!

!

Geo-Messagingenabler

RHW service center

Road Hazard Warningaccident, emergency breaking, bad

road condition, road works, slow vehicle

Traffic Information updates

traffic condition & warnings


Demonstrated scenarios

BackendSystem


CoCar DemonstrationLive - May 2009 in Munich


CoCar ArchitectureGeneral Overview


Capacity and performance

› Road traffic and telecom traffic simulation› Highway crossing and existing telecom network layout› 2000 cars in movement – traffic jams and incidents


Results

› Car to car delay less than 500ms› Existing telecom network can provide the service when

“smart channels” for up-link and down-link (broadcast) are used

0 100 200 300 400 5000

102030405060708090

100

uplinkdownlinktotal

Simulation of Frankfurt crossing, with 2000 equipped vehicles


Highway drive testAlert Message Performance in UMTS

› Driving measurements in Vodafone 3G/HSPA network on 140 km Autobahn

› Speed between 90 – 140 km/h

› Fast and resource efficient communication using shared channels possible

› Result: Vehicle-to-vehicle delay below 500 ms

Dedicated channel Shared channel

Delay (ms)

CD

F (%

)


Tokyo High way(Suidobashi – Atsugi)


2 Networks x 2 Channels

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Delay [msec]

C.D

.F [%

]

Op-A DCHOp-A FACHOp-B DCHOp-B FACH


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115 121 127 133 139 145

Sequence #

Del

ay [m

sec]

UpDownTotal

The effect of cell hand-over

10:33 Suidobashi

11:24 HonAtsugiTomei HW AtsugiShutoko

Max 2356 msecMin 68 msecAve 173.5 msecDrop 1 times


CoCAR IS EXTENDEDNEW PARTNERS – FOCUS on LTE

› LTE-based car communication› Service Platform based on IMS› Heterogeneous vehicle communication

network (4G and 802.11p)› Road traffic data management› Proof-of-concept and verification


LTE in automotive applications

› Better performance– Lower latency– Higher throughput– Better scalability

› Lower cost– Lower OPEX– All-IP– Simplified architecture and management

› Better coverage› More flexible spectrum usage› Drive tests planned as test networks become

available

< 5 s< 500 msIdle< 500 ms< 100 msAttached (typical case)

80 ms30 msAttached (optimal case)HSPALTEConnection status

Car-to-car delay


Heterogeneous communicationArchitecture


Heterogeneous communicationCase 1: Warning messages

› System capacity sufficient for most typical scenarios› Intelligent backend helps reducing duplicate downlink

messages› Traffic management centers in the loop› In combination with 802.11p or standalone

Mobile Network

CoCarX Backend

Direct communication using pWLAN broadcast (with routing through multiple hops)

Communication through network infrastructure and backend

Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | 3636

Common Goals

8% of households withoutbroadband internet connection

Goal:Secure, high performance data access via broadband network for better user experience and fast car-to-car-communication.

The Federal Government’s Broadband strategy

Goal:The Federal government intends to give a massive boost to the development of the broadband networkin Germany.

• Proper spectrum• Powerful technology

Mobile network solution requires:


37

LTE / HSDPA - Top speed(indoor)

Digital Dividend• Switch over to digital broadcast technology frees

spectrum at 800 MHz („digital dividend“)• Network deployment started immediately after spectrum

auction in summer 2010, commercial launch in Dec. 2010

• Advantages of this spectrum: very good electrical wave propagation and indoor coverage

UKW108 MHz

Light500.000.000 MHz

UMTS2.100 MHz

TV500 MHz

GSM900 MHz

Digital Dividend800 MHz

Propagation

Penetration-

+

UMTS 2.100

LTE 800

UMTS 2.100

LTE 800


CoverageVodafone projections Germany

UMTS/HSPA today Future LTE/HSPA


LTE car-to-Car delayMeasurement setup

Measurement Setup Routes Düsseldorf

LTE 2.6LTE 0.8

You ar

e her

e


LTE car-to-Car delayResults (1)

UM

TS 2009

UM

TS 2011

LTE 2011


LTE car-to-Car delayResults (2)

› Placing reflector in operator network brings small gain

~15ms


LTE Capacity evaluationCase 1: Warning messages

› Limiting: Downlink data channel capacity

› 1Hz average message rate per sender

› Distribution of messages to cars in same cell

› Comparison of average of 1, 10, 20, 40 cars per cell with hazard to report

› Stable results for 10 senders per cell

› Car-to-car delay < 200 ms even under load

› Linear scaling for other parameter sets

Event notification messages handled well for typical scenarios


LTE Capacity evaluationCase 2: Periodic messages

› Limiting: Downlink signaling channel capacity

› Downlink filtering: 10 or 40 cars in vicinity

› Message rate 2 Hz and 10 Hz compared

› Substantial system data and signaling load generated

› Lowering message rate and good downlink filtering required to manage load

Cooperative awareness messages possible,but require significant adaptations

Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety | Commercial in confidence | © Ericsson AB 2010 | 2010-10-27 | 4444

Results› Real-time integration and analysis of traffic data enabled› Flexible framework for the real-time assessment of data quality values› Architecture is efficient and flexible › Well suited to evaluate and realize traffic applications

Live Demo: Traffic State Estimationaround Düsseldorf

Video: Queue End Detection


Impressions from the CoCarX Final EventDüsseldorf, May 25, 2011


3G/LTE and 5.9 GHz inHeterogeneous Communication

Live demo intersection assistant

BMW communicates with motorcycle via 802.11p

3G (HSPA) communication with CoCarX vehicle

Warning and automatic breaking in crossing


› Cellular networks will provide advanced ITS services!› To make cost effective and future proof solutions you need

deep insight in the networks features and functions!› Smart phones and connected navigators “already in all

cars” can receive ITS information – a rapid uptake of services possible!

Conclusions

< 500 ms

Mobile networks for enhanced traffic safety - MHF · (MeeGo, Android, iPhone, ... Software download...

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