Mobile Databases for Health Informatics

Web Conference 2003

Dr. Stanley G. AungstAssistant Professor of IST, Penn State University

Karen E. FleagleSenior, School of IST, Penn State University

June 18, 2003 1:00 - 2:00PM

Mobile Database Management System

IBM’s DB2 Everyplace • An Introduction to DB2e

• Basic Components• Environments• Security

• Handheld Form Factors• Palm OS Emulator (POSE)• Palm m500• Future Form Factors (Palm Tungsten, Smartphones, etc.)

• Practical Applications for DB2e• Virtual Coconuts Project• Hershey Medical Center - Pain Management Database Project• Pennsylvania Governor’s School for Information Technology

• Acknowledgements – Steve Kellogg and the AIT Group

• DB2e stores, retrieves, organizes and manages data on a handheld device

• The data on the handheld device is synchronized to a server-based relational database management system (RDMS)

• DB2e is currently available for Palm OS, EPOC, Neutrino, Windows CE and embedded Linux

An IntroductionIBM’s DB2e

An IntroductionIBM’s DB2e

• Limitations of today’s small form factor technology• System memory

• Power consumption

• Processor speed

• DB2e accommodates for this limitations• DB2e is a “thumbprint” DBMS ( ~ 180k )

• Sync small amounts of data to server database

• DB2e was first introduced in August 1999• Could be downloaded from IBM’s website in 1999 (version 7.0)

• Presently, must join Advanced Developers Group of IBM Silicon Valley

• Initially only available on Palm OS and Windows CE

• Current version: 8.1.1

Basic ComponentsIBM’s DB2e

• DB2e on the handheld device• Database Engine• IBM Sync• Query By Example (QBE)

• Synchronization Server• Allows synchronization between DB2e and server database• Mobile Device Administration Center (MDAC)• Table encryption for version 8.1.1• J2 MicroEdition (J2ME) Sync Client for cell phones and pagers

• Mobile Application Builder (MAB) CASE Tool• Creates custom applications for the handheld device

• DB2 Universal Database (UDB2)• Server database

EnvironmentsIBM’s DB2e

• Two-tier environment• Database Engine (DB2e)• Sync Server and UDB2

• Three-tier environment• Database Engine (DB2e)• Sync Server• UDB2

Security on the HandheldIBM’s DB2e

• Version 8.1.1 added the ability to encrypt local data on:

• Windows CE / Pocket PC• Windows 32-bit• Palm platforms

• Secure encryption (56 or 128 bit) and compression during data transfer

• Encryption access is handled via a connection to the database with a valid user ID and password

Sync ServerIBM’s DB2e

• Cross platform, database independent, bi-directional synchronization server

• Running in a two-tier or three-tier environment

• Allows synchronization between handheld device and enterprise server

• Control Database (DB2) – for management of the Sync Server

• Data Staging Tables – to increase throughput

• Mirror Database – where conflicts are resolved

• DB2 Log Writer – records update activity

• Data Capture Program – moves data between mirror database and the enterprise database (UDB2)

Components of the Sync ServerIBM’s DB2e

Sync Server ProcessIBM’s DB2e

• User authentication by control database

• Input into staging table

• Moved to mirror database

• Activity recorded in DB2 Log Writer

• Data capture program updates enterprise database

Sync Connection OptionsIBM’s DB2e

Mobile Device Administration CenterIBM’s DB2e

• Graphical User Interface (GUI) administers the Sync Server

• Sets up user accounts and defines what data each user can synchronize

IBM SyncIBM’s DB2e

• Located on the handheld device

• Initiates the syncing process

• User name and password must be typed into IBM Sync for process to continue

• Device ID is registered with the Sync Server during the first sync

Overview of Sync Server ComponentsIBM’s DB2e

Mobile Application Builder (MAB)IBM’s DB2e

• GUI for creating custom applications

• The application allows users to create, delete, and update records in a database via their handheld device

• Rapid prototyping capability

• Includes samples (Virtual Nurse)

• Visually create and edit forms by selecting controls from the palette

• Define alerts based on user entries (Creation Successful!)

• Add images to forms

• Add menus to forms

Features of the MABIBM’s DB2e

Palm OS EmulatorIBM’s DB2e

• Effective for testing custom applications

• Different Palm OS versions

• Can be “buggy”

• Great instructional tool

Small Form FactorsPalm™ m500

• Memory: 8 MB

• Screen Resolution: 160 x 160

• Weight: 4 oz.

• Expansion Slot

• Palm OS Software: v4.0

• Price: $149

Small Form FactorsXircom® Wireless LAN Module

• High-speed access to network resources (up to 11 Mbps) for handheld PCs

• Compatible IEEE 802.11b high-rate standard

• Compatible with Palm m500 series, Palm m125 handheld computers

• Priced between $220 - $250

Small Form FactorsPalm™ Tungsten™ C

• Memory: 64 MB (51 MB actual)

• Screen Resolution: 320 x 320

• Weight: 6.3 oz.

• Wi-Fi 802.11b Radio

• Palm OS Software: v5.2.1

• Price: $499

Small Form FactorsPalm™ Tungsten™ W

• Memory: 14.8 MB actual storage capacity

• Screen Resolution: 320 x 320

• Weight: 6.4 oz.

• GSM™/GPRS Voice and Data

• Palm OS Software: v4.1.1

• Price: $549 (AT&T wireless service sold separately)

Small Form FactorsKyocera 7135 Smartphone

• 16 MB of RAM

• Weight: 6.6 oz.

• Palm OS Software: v4.1

• Trimode CDMA digital wireless phone• CDMA PCS (1900 MHz)• CDMA cellular (800 MHz)• Analog cellular networks

• Price: $499.95 with contract

Virtual CoconutsIST 240 Project

• Built a two-tier solution with IBM's DB2 Everyplace

• Their Virtual Solution: selling Hawaiian shirts, grass skirts and paper-mache coconuts for the luau

• Allowed the user to:• set up an online password

account• order products• check the status of their orders

using Palm Pilots.

• A CRM system gives the customer the status of their product via any handheld PDA or WAP enabled phone

PAIN Management DatabaseHershey Medical Center Project - 2003

• A Mobile DB2 Everyplace Wireless Database Solution • Hershey Medical Center - Anesthesiology Department

• Opportunity to have patient records on handheld devices in operating rooms

• Wirelessly transmit records to access/update patient information

• Goal was to integrate:• Wireless technology• Handheld devices• Mobile PAIN Management database• DB2 Everyplace

• DB2 Everyplace

• UDB2 Enterprise Database Server

• Wireless Access Points

• Small Form Factor• PDA• Smartphone

• Virtual Private Network (VPN) – Tunneling• Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) • In compliance with HIPAA requirements

PAIN Management DatabaseHardware & Software Requirements

• The wireless process would include:• Doctors carry mobile devices to access patient records• Access Points are located throughout the department• Patient records are accessed/updated inside the

department• Passwords (2 deep) to verify user (HIPAA regulations)• Mobile device wireless request for information • Doctor is notified when transaction is completed

• PAIN management research capabilities

PAIN Management DatabaseWireless Processes

Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

The HIPAA legislation has four primary objectives:

• Assure health insurance portability by eliminating job-lock due to pre-existing medical conditions

• Reduce healthcare fraud and abuse • Enforce standards for health information • Guarantee security and privacy of health information

PAIN Management DatabaseHIPAA Regulations

• All healthcare providers, health plans, payers, clearinghouses, and other entities that process health data must comply with HIPAA

• HIPAA applies to all communication that is stored or transmitted electronically, or that has been stored or transmitted electronically in the past.

• Media includes, but is not limited to:» Computer databases» Tapes» Disks» Telecommunications» Fax» Internet» Networks

PAIN Management DatabaseHIPAA Compliance

PAIN Management DatabaseDatabase Tables & Relationships

(Appended Tables)

• Surgery Table (1,1)

Surgeon ID Patient ID Surgeon Last Name Surgery DateSurgery / Injury Code

• Patient Table (1,M)ID Patient Last NamePatient First NameSexDate of BirthWeight

• Refine the customer requirements

• Make the system wireless 802.11x and/or Cellular with Palm™ Tungstens™ and Smartphones

• Make the wireless system secure• Use Movian VPN / Cisco • Hardware or software solution

PAIN Management DatabaseNext Steps

PA Governor’s School for ITMobile Database Skill Track

• Last year, each student:• Designed and created a mobile database• Built a mobile application for a Palm m500• Contacted the enterprise database – wired• Contacted the Internet wirelessly via 802.11b

• This year, we plan to:• Focus on mobile databases for health informatics• Use different form factors such as:

» Blackberries» Palm Tungsten» Smartphones

• Travel to Hershey Medical Center to visit the Life Lion pilots and emergency medical team

• Hershey Medical Center – Anesthesiology Department staff, especially Gregg Schuler, Jon Chadwick and Dr. Donald Martin MD

• Steve Kellogg, Mark Campbell, Craig Anthony and the staff of the AIT group at Penn State, University Park

• Debby Nakamura, IBM Director of the Advanced Development Group at IBM Silicon Valley

• Paul Zikopoulos, IBM Database Specialist at IBM Toronto

• Dan Foster and the RIIT Group of the Smeal College of Business, Penn State, University Park

Mobile Database DevelopmentAcknowledgements

Contact UsIBM DB2e

Dr. Stan Aungst E-mail: sga103@psu.edu

Office Phone: (814) 865 - 0814

Karen E. FleagleE-mail: kxf186@psu.edu