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Hormones, Pharmaceuticals, and Personal Care Products (CECs) in WaterOctober 20, 2015

Andrew Salvesonasalveson@carollo.com

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Organization Confidence in the Safety of Potable Water Reuse?

State of California Division of Drinking Water (formerly CDPH)

Yes, formal regulations finalized in 2014

National Research Council

Yes, 2012 report documents safety of potable water reuse and demonstrates comparative safety of potable reuse to conventional water supplies

California Medical Association

Yes, CMA demonstrates support for potable reuse in 2012

Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

Yes, multiple approved projects based upon a case by case analysis

Arizona, Virginia, Colorado, New Mexico, etc.

Yes, many states have potable reuse projects safely producing water based upon different regulatory approaches

Properly Engineered Potable Water Reuse is Supported by National Health Experts

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California Potable Water Reuse Projects

• Current– Groundwater Replenishment System– Montebello Forebay (Los Angeles)– West Basin MWD (Los Angeles)– Water Replenishment District– Inland Empire Utilities Agency– Cambria

• Near Term (2016-2020)– Santa Clara Valley Water District– Oxnard– City of Los Angeles (expansion)– Metropolitan Water District– Padre Dam– San Diego

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Potable Water ReuseWastewater Treatment

Urban Water Use

Water Treatment

Environmental Buffer

Advanced Water

Treatment

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In Response to Board Concerns, Carollo and SqCWD Staff Compiled a Detailed Literature Review of CECs in Water and in Potable Water Reuse Projects

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Potable Water Reuse Projects in California Must Meet Extensive Water Quality Criteria

MCL – maximum contaminant level

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Potable Water Reuse Projects in California Must Meet Extensive Water Quality Criteria

MCL – maximum contaminant levelNL – notification level

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Potable Water Reuse Projects in California Must Meet Extensive Water Quality Criteria

MCL – maximum contaminant levelNL – notification levelug/L – microgram per literng/L – nanogram per liter

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National Research Council (2012) Documents Margins of Safety for CECs

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Potable Water Supplies Are Not Pure, but Properly Engineered Treatment Makes Them Safe

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Per California Regulations, Potable Reuse Projects Have Multiple Barriers for Public Health Protection

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CECs are Consistently Found in Raw Wastewater and, to a lesser extent, in Treated Wastewater

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Reverse Osmosis removes salts, organic carbon, and the vast majority of CECs

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Final Product Water from Potable Reuse Treatment is Equal or Higher Quality Than Conventional Water Supplies

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Final Product Water from Potable Reuse Treatment is Equal or Higher Quality Than Conventional Water Supplies

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Potable Reuse Public Health AnalysisBig Spring Texas

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Fluorescence Images Tell a Good Story

Effluent RO Permeate

Moss Creek Lake

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Reverse Osmosis Achieves Robust Removal of Trace Organics (Pharmaceuticals etc.)

Sucralose

Sulfameth

oxa...

Atenolo

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Meprob

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Ultraviolet Light Advanced Oxidation Finishes the Job

Sucralose

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Atenolo

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Purified Water Quality Much Better than Conventional Water Supply

Sucralose

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Atenolo

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Sucralose

Sulfameth

oxa...

Atenolo

l

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tine

Meprob

amate

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Triclos

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arban

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Purified Water Quality Much Better than Conventional Water Supply

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0

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10Moss Creek LakeFinished Water

ng/L

The Story is similar for Nitrosamines…

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Estrone Estradiol Ethynylestradiol Testosterone Progesterone0

0.1

0.2

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… and Estrogens…

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PFBA

PFHxS

PFHxAPFOA

PFOSPFNA

PFDA

PFUdA

PFDoA

PFPnA

PFHpA0

0.5

1

1.5

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2.5

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Finished Water

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… and Perfluorinated Chemicals…

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Properly Engineered Potable Water Reuse Systems Produce a High Quality Water that is Protective of Public Health• Past, current, and ongoing studies continue to

look, and look again, at the safety of our water supplies.

• As new concerns are raised, the engineering community works to understand and address those concerns.

• The Division of Drinking Water (formerly CDPH) is dedicated to the protection of water quality. DDW regulations are designed to protect public health with orders of magnitude of safety barriers.

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Thank You for Listening