MMEA - Update on Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules and...

Update on Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules and Policies

Update on Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules and Policies

MMEA Fall ConferenceOctober 4, 2017

NTH Consultants, Ltd.

Rhiana C. Dornbos, PE

2

Project Engineer

Air Quality Permitting and

Compliance

517-702-2953

616-265-5755

[email protected]


3

Agenda

� Michigan Rule Changes

� AQD Policy and Procedures

� Air Permitting Developments

� Ozone Nonattainment Designations

� Dispersion Modeling

� Regulatory Horizon

Michigan Rule ChangesMichigan Rule Changes


5

Changes to Air Pollution Control Rules

� Effective December 20, 2016

� Goals:

• Clarify Existing Rules

• Provide additional Exemptions

• Respond to Objections raised by U.S. EPA

Updates to Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules

Part 1 General Provisions

Part 2 Air Use Approval

Part 9 Emission Limitation and Prohibitions - Miscellaneous


6

� NEW Rule 281(k): Aqueous based parts washers (<5% VOCs)

� Rule 285 Meaningful Change Exemption additions

� Rule 290 Limited Emissions Exemption additions

� NEW Rule 291 “De minimis” Emissions Exemption

� Rule 278 reminder

Exemption Changes/Additions


7

Rule 285 – “Meaningful Change”

� Relatively small changes in permitted process equipment

� “Meaningful increase” and “Meaningful change” defined

• Increase in PTE or “hazard potential” of 10% or greater

• Causes an exceedance of a permit limit

� Policy and Procedure No. AQD-25

• Effective May 9, 2017

• Seven-step process to evaluate “meaningful change”


8

Rule 290 – Emission Units with Limited Emissions

� Based on Actual Emissions

� Additional thresholds incorporated (Rule 290(2)(a)(ii)

• CO2 equivalent

• Mercury

• Lead

� Proper control equipment operation

• Temperature monitoring


9

Rule 291 – Emission Units with “de minimis” emissions

� Based on Emission Unit Potential to Emit

• Criteria pollutants

• CO2 equivalent

• Various TACs and non-TACs


10

Rule 291 Example – Emergency Diesel RICE Generator


11


� Step 1: Calculate Potential to Emit


12


PollutantRule 291 Threshold

(tpy)RICE PTE

(tpy)

PTE within Rule 291

Threshold?

CO2e 75,000 930 Yes

CO 10 4 Yes

NOx 10 7 Yes

SO2 10 0.01 Yes

VOC 5 0.5 Yes

PM 10 0.2 Yes

PM10 5 0.3 Yes

PM2.5 3 0.3 Yes

Total TACs 5 <1 Yes

Refer to R 336.1291 for complete criteria

� Step 2: Compare to Rule 291 Thresholds


13


Pollutant CategoryRule 291 Threshold

(tpy)RICE PTE

(tpy)

PTE of all TACs with SLs ≥0.04

µg/m3 and <2 µg/m3 0.12 0.002

PTE of all TACs with SLs ≥0.005

µg/m3 and <0.04 µg/m3 0.06 0

PTE of all TACs with SLs

<0.005 µg/m3 0.006 0.0004

Refer to R 336.1291 for complete criteria

� Step 2: Compare to Rule 291 Thresholds


14


• Step 3: Rule 278a and 278

• Include Project or activity

• Documentation of applicability

• Requirements under federal standards (NSPS, NESHAP)


15

RMRR Policy for LFG-to-Energy Facilities

� Policy and Procedure No. AQD-23

• Effective June 10, 2016

• Rule 285(2)(a)(vi)

� RMRR as part of a Normal maintenance program

• Overhaul and repair activities

• Repairing or replacing components

• Replacing an engine with a “like-kind” engine

� Documentation requirements for equipment

� NSPS and NESHAP may be affected


16

RMRR Policy for LFG-to-Energy Facilities

Exception to Policy and Procedure AQD-23:

� Catastrophic events

� Engine failures


17

Exemptions


18

Permitting Changes/Additions

� Rule 201(4) Permit void if project has not commenced within 18 months

� Change in RO an off-permit change (Rule 215(5))

• Life After ROP Updated (August 2017)

� Rule 208a rescinded

� Remove major source requirements based solely on GHGs


19

Permitting Changes/Additions – Air Toxics

� Rule 232: Change to averaging time for certain ITSLs

Many ITSLs updated from 8-hour to 24-hour (less stringent)

Rule Applicability Citation

Rule 224 T-BACT

Does not apply to sources in compliance with Rule 702

Rule 224(2)(c)

New Exemption for certain clean-burning equipment

Rule 224(2)(d)

Rule 225 New Exemption for certain clean-burning equipment

Rule 226(e)


20

New Exemption from Air Toxics Requirements

Applicability Criteria

NEW Air Toxics Exemption(Rule 224 and 226)

Variance: Suspension of Enforcement of Rule 225

Effective Dates

Effective December 20, 2016

Extended until June 12, 2018

Emission UnitsEngines, turbines,

boilers/process heatersFuel burning equipment

FuelsNatural Gas, Diesel fuel, or

BiodieselNatural Gas

Capacity ≤ 100 MMBtu/hr ≤ 50,000 cf/hr

Stack Requirements

1.5 x building heightVertical, unobstructed

1.5 x building heightVertical, unobstructed

Building Setback

Requirement≥ 100 feet from property line None

Air PermittingDevelopmentsAir PermittingDevelopments


22

MDEQ Responding to Recent U.S. EPA Comments

� The use of “Test Protocol”

� The lack of Reference Test Methods

� Practical Enforceability of Permit Limits


23

Permit Language Revisions

� Recent changes and updates to Permit language:

• No longer using “Test Protocol”

• High level citation of reference test method

• Enhanced language for monitoring and recordkeeping


24

Removal of “Test Protocol”

� Change applied to:

• ROP Applications and Renewals

• New Installations or Modifications (NSR)

• Administrative changes/corrections opening a permit


25

Replacement of “Test Protocol”

� Averaging Time specified in place of “Test Protocol”


26

Permit Implications

� How is Averaging Time selected?

Michigan Air Pollution Control Rule 205(1)(a):

The time period shall be set in accordance with the

applicable requirements…


27

Permit Implications

� What are “the applicable requirements”?

• NAAQS or PSD Increment

• Air Toxics Health-Based Screening Level

• Opt-out Limit

• BACT

• Federal Standard (NSPS or NESHAP)

� What is my unit’s operational variation?

� What does future compliance look like?


28

Reference Test Method Citation


29

Planning for Permit Changes

� Emission Estimates

� Compliance Methodology (Test Method)

� Operational Flexibility

� Discussion and Review Time

� Consider Permit Cleanup Options if available

Ozone Nonattainment DesignationsOzone Nonattainment Designations


31

Ozone (O3) Formation


32

Air Quality Designations for Ozone

� October 1, 2015 Ozone NAAQS revised to 70 ppb (8-hour)

� EPA designations due October 1, 2017

• June 6, 2017 – Deadline extended one year due to insufficient information

• August 2, 2017 – Extension withdrawn

� October 1, 2017 back on?


33

Air Quality Designations for Ozone

� MDEQ Designation Recommendations (October 2016)

• Recommended nonattainment:

• West Michigan: Allegan, Berrien, Muskegon

• Southeast Michigan: Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, Washtenaw, and Wayne

• U.P.: Schoolcraft County (tentative)

� 120 day letter

� Final Implementation Rule


34

Designated Areas Not Attaining Ozone Standard

� Non-Attainment NSR Permitting

• Emission reduction Offsets

• LAER

• Alternative site analysis

• Sources in compliance

• Public involvement

� Challenges

• Standard very low

• Background impacts

• Transport

• Offsets

Dispersion ModelingDispersion Modeling


36

Policy and Procedure AQD-022

� Effective March 3, 1015

• Dispersion modeling

• Options to meet Stack Height Requirements

• Allowable emission rate of new or modified emission units

� Challenges Ongoing

• Reductions in emissions (net benefit) not recognized

• Qualitative option

• Short-term standards


37

Appendix W to 40 CFR Part 51

� Guideline on Air Quality Models

• Revisions finalized October 20, 2016

• Federal Register January 17, 2017

• Effective date deferred to May 22, 2017


38

Secondary Formation

� Ozone: NOx and VOC

� Secondary PM2.5: NOx and SO2

� Two-tiered demonstration approach (New Appendix W)

Tier 1: Use of relationships between emissions and ambient impacts (from existing models)

Tier 2: Sophisticated case-specific Chemical Transport Modeling


39

Secondary Formation Challenges

� Tier 1: “MERPs”: Modeled Emission Rates for Precursors

• Guidance from EPA is still DRAFT

• Marquette, Montcalm, and Macomb

� EPA suggests use of SIL as “Critical Air Quality Threshold”

• Primary PM2.5 may exceed the SIL without considering secondary formation of PM2.5

• Ozone precursor thresholds

� Approved Modeling Protocol for PSD Projects

Regulatory HorizonRegulatory Horizon


41

� Modeling Guidance

� Ozone Nonattainment Designations

� CSAPR

� Clean Power Plan

� NSPS Subpart TTTT

Regulatory Horizon in Air Quality


42

Future Changes/Modifications

� Peakers not a Listed Source Category

• New Sources have 250 tpy (PSD)

• Aggregation Consideration

� Changes to Major Sources “A2A” Analysis for Applicability

• Actual-to-Projected Actual

• Past Actuals may be Low

• Future Projected Emissions based on Business Plan

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

MMEA - Update on Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules and...

Documents

Transcript of MMEA - Update on Michigan Air Pollution Control Rules and...