Media in a Changing World

Chapter Outline• Media Literacy• Basic Terms• History• Industry• Controversies

Chapter 1

What is media literacy?

Media Literacy

What about media criticism?

Media Literacy

Career Preparation1. Learn how to use media.2. Study careers in the media spotlight

such as a newscaster or reporter.3. Research behind-the-scenes

employment in film production, book editing, advertising, public relations, web site development or tons of other careers.

4. Non-media careers may have a media component.

Media Literacy

The Critic Vs. The Practitioner

Media Literacy

What do we mean when we talk about communication?

Basic Terms

Communication• Interpersonal

communication•Feedback•Noise

Basic Terms

What does the term “media” mean?• Print media• Broadcast media• Digital media (including Web

2.0 and social networking)• Entertainment media

Basic Terms

Mediated Communication

Basic Terms

Mass Communication• Reach• Potential for impact

Basic Terms

Mass Communication• feedback

Basic Terms

Gatekeepers

Basic Terms

Basic Model of Human Communication

Basic Terms

Traditional Model of Mass Communication

Basic Terms

Converged Media Model of Communication

Basic Terms

Converging Communication MediaConvergence• convergence of technologies• convergence of industries• convergence of content

Basic Terms

Technology and Change: The Printing Press

Media History

Technology and Change: The Telegraph

Media History

Inverted pyramid

Media History

The Associated Press

Journalistic objectivity

Media History

American Media Products Dominate the Global Scene

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Cultural imperialism

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Foreign Media in the U.S.

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Reasons for Corporate Media Growth• Economies of scale• Synergy

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

• Not all plans for synergy work out.

• AOL / Time-Warner

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

• Cross merchandizing / cross promotion

• Antitrust laws

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Global competition favors larger companies

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Groups and Conglomerates• group ownership (also called chain

ownership)• vertical integration • horizontal integration

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Vertical Integration

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Horizontal Integration

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Media Conglomerates•Time Warner•Viacom/CBS•Walt Disney Company•News Corporation•NBC-Universal

Columbia Journalism Review’s list

These four media conglomerates control an enormous number of well-known properties. They are all products of both vertical and horizontal integration.

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

• monopoly• Oligopoly• entrepreneurs

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Media and governments around the world

How much does the government control media in the U.S.?

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Different types of relationships between media and government•Government ownership•Private ownership/ government

control•Libertarian•Mixed model

These four media conglomerates control an enormous number of well-known properties. They are all products of both vertical and horizontal integration.

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

The U.S. Model•Regulation

•Fears of censorship•Adversarial relationship

•Fourth estate (an unofficial fourth branch of government)

•Media help hold elected officials accountable to the public

These four media conglomerates control an enormous number of well-known properties. They are all products of both vertical and horizontal integration.

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

Media and the audience

Understanding Today’s Media Industry

• Impact issues• Legal issues • Libel• invasion of privacy• antitrust actions• First Amendment

• Ethical issues • Morality of media

• Impact, legal, and ethical issues are related.

Media Controversies

Media in a Changing World

Chapter 1