MLA Citation · In-text Citations •In-text citations are citations within your paper that...
Transcript of MLA Citation · In-text Citations •In-text citations are citations within your paper that...
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MLA Citation
(Adapted from the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Writing Center
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Why Do You Need to Cite?
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Plagiarism
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What is Plagiarism?
According to the Purdue Office of Student Rights and Responsibilities, plagiarism can include the following:
- using the exact language of someone else without the use of quotation marks and without giving proper credit to the author.
-presenting the sequence of ideas or arranging the materials of someone else even though such is expressed in one’s own words, without giving appropriate acknowledgement.
-submitting a document written by someone else but representing it as one’s own.
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Step 1: Decide whether or not you need to give someone else credit for the ideas you’ve included in your paper. Step 2: Decide how to present the information in your writing (quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing). Step 3: Cite the source.
WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE YOUR SOURCE!
Three basic steps to avoiding plagiarism
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You must acknowledge the sources of quotations, paraphrases, arguments, and specific references you may use.
Whenever you quote or base your ideas on another person's work, you must document the source you used.
When Do You Cite?
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• Common knowledge is information generally known to an educated reader, such as widely known facts and dates, and, more rarely, ideas or language.
• When in doubt, cite it. It is better to over-cite than to under-cite.
What You Don’t Need to Cite
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Is it plagiarism to copy someone else’s words from a book, magazine, or other printed source without giving credit?
(Y/N)Is it plagiarism to use writing from an essay you wrote
without giving yourself credit?(Y/N)
Is it plagiarism to use something considered common knowledge, e.g.“Gravity exists” without giving credit?
(Y/N)Is it plagiarism to have your friend write your
term paper for you for cash? (Y/N)
Plagiarism Quiz!
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Types of Citations
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In-text Citations
•In-text citations are citations within your paper that indicate to your reader where your quoted text came from.
•After a quote, use the format (Last Name Pg#).
•Example: “Apples in Hawai‘i are expensive” (Smith 67).
•If you mentioned the author recently (in the same sentence, or sometimes, paragraph,) there is no need to put his/her last name, only the page #.
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Author-Page StyleMore In-Text Examples!
• Haunani K. Trask states that “The land is our mother, and we are her
children” (1197).
• “A pairing of certain opposites is consistent with the idea that the
universe is dichotomous, a duality of maleness (kāne) and femaleness
(wāhine)” (Johnson 30).
• Kame’eleihiwa asserts that we who are living on the land are responsible
for taking care of those who live in the sea (6).
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
Trask, Haunani K. "Coalition-Building between Natives and Non-Natives.” Stanford Law Review, vol. 43, no. 6, 1991, pp. 1197- 1213. Johnson, Rubellite Kawena. The Kumulipo Mind: A Global Heritage. 1st ed.,
Standford UP, 1999, www.scribd.com/11183847583948. Accessed 12 May 2017.
Kame'eleihiwa, Lilikalā. Kumulipo. University of Hawai‘i Press, 1999.
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Signal phrases mark the boundaries between source material and your own words; they can also tell readers why a source is trustworthy.
Some examples of signal phrases:
•Scott states that the Purdue Boilermakers “are better than. . ."
•According to the Idaho Potato Research Group, Potato consumption is up by 27 percent . . .
•Norm insists that the Boilermakers are ”the best football team in the Midwest" and that Louisville. . .
Signal Phrases
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∗Blocked quotes are used when you want to quote something that is more than four lines.
∗They have very specific rules.
Blocked Quotes
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Rules for Blocked Quotes
A. Must be more than four lines.
B. Lead into a block quotes with a colon, not a comma.
C. Indent the block one inch from the left margin.
D. Do not use quotation marks.
E. The Period comes before the parenthetical citation.
B
C
E
D
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Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
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A paraphrase is a detailed restatement of a written or sometimes spoken source material. It should be about the same length as the original passage and present the details of the original.
What is a Paraphrase?
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What is a Summary?
A summary is a condensed version of a passage. Similar to paraphrasing, summarizing involves using your own words and writing style to express another author's ideas. Unlike the paraphrase, which presents important details, the summary presents only the most important ideas of the passage.
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So What Now?
• Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas.
• Summarize in your own words what the single main idea of the essay is.
• Paraphrase important supporting points that come up in the essay.
• Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted directly.
•
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Works Cited Page
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Basic Rules• Label the page Works Cited and center it at the top of the page.
• Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries.
• Arrange entries in alphabetical order by authors' last names (or by title for sources without authors)..
• Capitalize the first word and all other principal words of the titles and subtitles.
• Indentation: Align the first line of the entry flush with the left margin, and indent all subsequent lines (5 to 7 spaces) to form a "hanging indent."
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Works Cited Page: The Basics
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Books
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Books
1. Single author: Last name, First name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication. Nordstrom, Georganne. Rhetoric: What Could Be Better?. Pedagogy
Press, 2014.
2. Two authors: The first given name appears in last name, first name format; subsequent author names appear in first name last name format. Thompson, Norm, and Scott Ka’alele. The Sāmoan and Hawaiian Guide to Indigenous Tutoring. ‘Oiwi, 2000.
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Peer-Reviewed Journals
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Article in a Scholarly Journal
General Format Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal, volume, issue, year,
pages. Napeahi, Joseph. "Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the Māori
in Taika Waititi’s Boy.” Film Studies in Pacific Literature, vol. 15, no. 1, 1996, pp. 41-50. Article in an Online-only Scholarly JournalKahana, Malae. “Research in Sāmoan Culture and Policy: Current Conditions and Future Directions.” Social Work and Society: The International Online-Only Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, 2008, www.tio-oj.org/1114379023. Accessed 20 May 2017.An Article from an Online Database (or Other Electronic Subscription Service)Nordstrom, Georganne, and Norm Thompson. “Indiana’s Organic
Fuel.” Science, vol. 12, no. 1, 2005, pp. 642-44. Wiley Online Library, doi: 10.1017/s001234859. Accessed 5 Mar. 2017.
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Film and Television
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Films or Movies
Recorded Films or MoviesThe Secret. Directed by Tim Burton, performances by Johnny Depp,
Martin Landau, Sarah Jessica Parker, Patricia Arquette, Touchstone, 1994.
Broadcast Television or Radio Program"The Blessing Way." The X-Files. Fox, WXIA, Atlanta, 19 Jul. 1998.
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Internet Sources
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Page on a Website
Lastname, First. “Title of Article in Quotation Marks.” Website Title in Italics, publication date, URL or DOI. Date
Accessed.
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YouTube
Author’s Name or Poster’s Username. “Title of Image or Video.” Name of Website, name of uploader, date
of posting. Date Accessed.
McGonigal, Jane. “Gaming and Productivity.” Youtube, uploaded by Big Think, 3 July 2012, www.youtube
.com/watch?v=mkdziwo. Accessed 28 June 2017.
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Summary• Avoid plagiarizing!
• Whenever you quote or base your ideas on another person's work, you must document the source you used
• In-Text citation, blocked quotes, and signal phrases
• Quotation, Summary, or Paraphrase
• Works Cited Page