M&L Webinar Talking Heads: Exploring the relationship between culture and media in education
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Transcript of M&L Webinar Talking Heads: Exploring the relationship between culture and media in education
Barend van Heusden11 January 2016
Culture, media, and educationAn introduction
Contents
1. A theory of culture and media
2. Theoretical culture
3. Discussion
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› What characterizes human culture?
1. The difference between memory and here-and-now
2. The relating of memory here-and-now to memory
| 3
memory ‘here-and-now’is related to
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Also appliesto cars in
other colours
perception imagination
conceptualizationanalysis
sensory (accommodation)
motor (assimilation)
concrete memories: episodic
abstract memories: semantic
The four dimensions of culture
Culture and media
body artefacts
languagegraphic
gezichthuman face
nägu
7‘Forms of culture’-quiz
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› What characterizes human culture?
1. The difference between memory and here-and-now
2. The relating of memory here-and-now to memory
3. Metacognition, or culture about culture
| 8
memory ‘here-and-now’
metacognition
is related to
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Self-perception: the news
Self-imagination: the arts, entertainment
Self-conceptualization: religion, ideology,
interpretation
Self-analysis: cognitive science
sensory (accommodation)
motor (assimilation)
Concrete memory: episodic
Abstract memory: semantic
Basic forms (expressions) of cultural selfconsciousness
Theoretical Culture
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Evolution of culture
› Human species emerges (5-4.000.000 year ago)
› Mimetic culture (2.000.000 jaar – 200.000 year)
› Mythical culture (200-000 jaar – 50.000 year)
› Graphic culture (50.000 jaar – present)
• Magical culture (50.000 – 10.000 year)
• Totemistic culture (10.000 – 5.000 BP)
• Religious culture (5.000 – 700 v.C.)
• Theoretical culture (700 BC – present)
• Greek antiquity (700 BC – )
• Roman antiquity (300 BC - 300)
• Middle Ages (300 – 1300)
• Modern Times (1400 – present)
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Human Evolution
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4. Evolution of culture (Merlin Donald)
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time
Doubling Mimetic Mythical Theoretic
(perception) (artefacts) (language) (graphic)
2.000.000 200.000 35.0005.000.000
Concept ‘horse’
The flat surface (wall, (clay)tablet, paper, board) allows us to
see (visual) abstractions
Seeing structures (‘insight’) is a prerequisite for theory and theoretical culture
› Theoretical culture depends on a specific medium.
› Theoretical cognition is not inborn…
› Our brain (the visual cortex) must learn to discover and see structures.
Evolution of graphic culture
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time
image… imagination … writing… abstract structures
paleolithicum …. neolithicum …..city culture… modernity
3200 70020000 500035000
Horses
Chauvet, France, 32.000-30.000 BP
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Mixed CultureIntentionele Cultuur
Media and Mimesis
Cave of Chauvet, approximately 30.000 years ago
The ‘lion-man’ from Hohlenstein-StadelAurignacien, circa 30.000 year BP
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Totem pole (detail), Thunderbird Park, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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› The first agriculture developed in China (rice)
› The middle east (today’s Iran, Iraq, Turkey (Göbekli Tepe), Syria, Jordan) was a particularly fertile area.
› The oldest cultivated grain is found here (cf. How Art Made the World).
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Sumerian statue: abstract
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Vase from Uruk, 3500-3100 11-1-2016 | 28
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Kritios Boy - epheboi± 500 BC
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Paper
•403 BCE Standardisation of handwriting (in Athens)
•± 400 BCE Ink (stabile form)
•Trade relations with Egypt and Phoenicia
One of the earliest images of a person reading a papyrus (440 – 435 BC)
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Researching reality
• In history: Herodote, Thucydides
• In philosophy: Sophists, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and many others
• In literature: Pindar, Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides, Menander
Oedipus and the sphinx (vase painting)
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School of Athens - Raphael (1483-1520) - Painted 1510-1511
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Phaedrus - A dialogue on love,
speech and writing (370 BCE?)
Bad for memory
Non-dialogical
Max Velthuis (1923-2004), Frog
Questions / discussion
Thank you for your attention!