Mitosis/Meiosis How are they different?. The exchange of DNA between the chromatid arms on...
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Transcript of Mitosis/Meiosis How are they different?. The exchange of DNA between the chromatid arms on...
Mitosis/Meiosis
How are they different?
The exchange of DNA between the chromatid arms on homologous pairs is called ________________Crossing over
This type of cell divisionused by bacteria to reproduce
Binary fission
The mixing up of maternal and paternal chromosomes as they move apart during anaphase I is called ______________Independent assortment
The pairing up of homologous chromosomes during prophase Iis called _________________synapsis
This diagram isshowing_________________
Crossing over
During which phase does this happen?
PROPHASE I of meiosis
Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?
meiosis
Makes 2 daughter cells ______________
Makes haploid cells _______________
Divides twice but copies DNA once __________________
Used to repair injuries ______________
mitosis
meiosis
mitosis
Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?
mitosis
Makes 4 daughter cells ______________
Makes diploid cells _______________
Copies DNA every __________________time it divides
Used to make gametes ______________
Meiosis
mitosis
meiosis
Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?
meiosis
Makes 2n cells ______________
Crossing over happens _______________
Used when organisms __________________grow bigger
Used in sexual reproduction ___________
mitosis
mitosis
meiosis
Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?
mitosis
Testes and ovaries do it ____________
Body cells do it _______________
Crossing over happens ____________
Divides twice ______________in a row
meiosis
meiosis
meiosis
Is it MITOSIS or MEIOSIS?
mitosis
Independent assortment_____________happens
Divides just once_______________
Used in oogenesis __________________
Makes cells identicalto parent cell __________________
meiosis
meiosis
mitosis
Type of cell division shown
meiosis
Body organ where you would expect tosee the above happen
Ovary or testes
Type of cell division shown
mitosis
Tell one reason why a cell woulddo this Grow organism bigger
Repair injuriesReplace worn out cellsAsexual reproduction
IN humans where does oogenesis happen? ovaries
IN plants and some algae thediploid multicellular organism iscalled a ________________sporophyte
The small cells produced when the cytoplasm divides unevenly during oogenesis are called ______________
Producing offspring without using sperm or eggs in which the DNA comes from only 1 parent
Polar bodies
Asexual reproduction
TRUE or FALSEPolar bodies will go on to become
mature eggs
FALSE; they will die
The production of mature sperm iscalled ___________________spermatogenesis
Type of reproduction in which offspring are produced by combining the genetic material from 2 parents
A cell with only one copy of each chromosome is called ___________
Sexual reproduction
Haploid OR 1n
A cell which has 2 copies of every chromosome is called _____________diploid
OR 2n
Type of division that makes daughtercells which are different from the parent cell and different from each other
meiosis
The production of a mature egg is
called ____________________oogenesis
Phase in which INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT happens
Anaphase I
Name 2 ways the DNA in cells getsrecombined in new ways during meiosis
Crossing over OR independent assortment
Phase during which SYNAPSIS happens
Prophase I
Spermatogenesis produces ____ mature sperm cells
4
Phase in which CROSSING OVER happens
Prophase I
How many mature eggs are produced
during oogenesis?
Only 1; the other 3 are polar bodies
Chromosomes that do NOT determine sex are called ____________autosomes
Tell one phase that is different inmeiosis than in mitosis
Prophase I- Synapsis & crossing overAnaphase I- homologous partners separate instead of sister chromatids; independent assortmentMetaphase I- homologous pairs line up togetherInterphase II- No DNA is copied
The group of 4 chromatids of a homologous pair is called a
________________tetrad
This picture of an organism’schromosomes is called a_______________karyotype
How many autosomes do humanshave? 44; 46 – 2 sex chromosomes
A human with 2 X chromosomesis a _________ male female
female
The joining of sperm and egg cellsis called _________________fertilization
A fertilized egg is called a_________________zygote
Tell how metaphase I and metaphase II are different
Metaphase I- homomolgouspartners line up together
Metaphase II- chromosomes line up separately
IN humans where does spermatogenesis happen?
testes
In plants and some algae thehaploid multicellular organism is called a ________________gametophyte
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Ychromosome is a. a somatic cell of a male. b. a zygote. c. a somatic cell of a female. d. a sperm cell. e. an ovum.
Homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles of a dividing cell during a. mitosis. b. meiosis I. c. meiosis II. d. fertilization. e. binary fission.
Sperm cell
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
Meiosis I
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced.
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x. b. 0.5 x . c. x. d. 2 x. e. 4 x.
D
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
Still X; chromosomes haven’t split yet
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced.
The immediate product of meiosis in a plant is a a. spore. b. gamete. c. sporophyte. d. gametophyte. e. zygote.
D
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
SPORE
Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that a. homologous chromosomes synapse. b. DNA replicates before the division. c. the daughter cells are diploid. d. sister chromatids separate during anaphase. e. the chromosome number is reduced.
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x. b. 0.5 x . c. x. d. 2 x. e. 4 x.
D
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
Still X; chromosomes haven’t split yet
If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G 1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be a. 0.25 x b. 0.5 x c. x d. 2 x e. 4 x
If we continued to follow the cell lineage from the cell above, then the DNA content at metaphase of meiosis II would be
a. 0.25 x b. 0.5 x c. xd. 2 xe. 4 x
2X cell copies DNA in S after G1, but hasn’t split yet
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
X- Back to X again; Cell has reduced # in meiosis I
Multicellular haploid organisms a. are typically called sporophytes. b. produce new cells for growth by meiosis. c. produce gametes by mitosis. d. are found only in aquatic environments. e. are the direct result of fertilization.
Crossing over usually contributes to genetic variation by exchanging chromosomal segments between a. sister chromatids of a chromosome. b. chromatids of nonhomologues. c. nonsister chromatids of homologues. d. nonhomologous loci of the genome. e. autosomes and sex chromosomes.
C
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
B
In comparing the typical life cycles of plants and
animals, a stage found in plants but not in animals is a
a. gamete. b. zygote
c. multicellular diploid. d. multicellular haploid
D
Campbell and Reese Self quiz
Which of the following life cycles is seen in plants? B
Animals Plants Most fungi & some algae & some protists
A B C
Which of the following life cycles is seen in animals? A
Animals Plants Most fungi & some algae & some protists
A B C
The following life cycles is seen in animals.
Haploid gametes fuse to produce a 2n zygote
via which process?
FERTILIZATION
The following life cycles is seen in animals.
Diploid organisms produce haploid gametes via which process?
MEIOSIS
The following life cycles is seen in animals.
A diploid zygote becomes a diploid multicellular adult via which process?
MITOSIS
The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Diploid organisms produce haploid spores via which process?
MEIOSIS
The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid spores produce haploid multicellular gametophytes via which process?
MITOSIS
The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid multicellular gametophytes produce haploid gametes via which process?
MITOSIS
The following life cycles is seen in plants and some algae. Haploid gametes produce a diploid zygote via which process?
FERTILIZATION