MITERRA-EUROPEAssessment of nitrogen flows in agriculture of EU-27

Oene Oenema, Jan Peter Lesschen & Gerard Velthof

Wageningen University & Research Centre

&

9 partners from 6 Member States

Outline

Description of MITERRA-Europe

Results N emissions NO3 concentrations

Conclusions

MITERRA-EUROPE

A tool for integrated assessment of N (C and P) emissions from agriculture in EU-27 at Member State and regional levels

Developed for the European Commission

Based on information from CAPRI and RAINS/GAINS

Simple/rapid model; uniform approach for EU-27

Scenario analysis

Understanding the cause-effect-benefit relationships

Output of MITERRA-EUROPE

Nitrogen (P and C) balances

Ammonia, nitrous oxide, denitrification and methane emissions from animal housing, storage and soils

Nitrate leaching to groundwater and surface water

Effects of measures (policies) to mitigate ammonia and nitrate emissions NEC, IPPC, Nitrate Directive, Water Framework Directive scenarios

Soil organic matter and C sequestration

Crop production: - Crop type - Cropped area - Management

Groundwater & surface waters

N inputs: N fertilizer BNF, N deposition

Animal production: - Animal species - Animal number - Management

N outputs: milk, meat, egg

NH4+ NO3

- DON Npart NH4+ NO3

- DON Npart

NH3 N2O NOX N2

Atmosphere

N outputs: harvested crop

NH3 N2O NOX N2

Atmosphere

Model concept for N; what comes in, must come out

manure

feed

Scales

Spatial: 27 Member States

• Nuts 2 level

• Nitrate Vulnerable Zones

• Country level

Temporal year

Input data

FAO, Eurostat Fertilizer (national), yields

CAPRI (Eurostat) Crop types and areas

Distribution of animals over NUTS II

RAINS Animal types, number and N excretion

Manure management system

JRC Soil and meteorological data NVZ maps

Alterra N contents of crops

Crop residues

Grassland area and yields

CalculationsVariabele Method

Fertilizer and manure distribution on Nuts 2 level

Distribution based on N demand, N input, crops

N and P surpluses Soil surface balance (OECD approach)

Emission of NH3, N2O, NOx, CH4 Emission factors (~from RAINS)

Leaching and denitrification (N2):Manure storageRunoffLarge surface waterGroundwater and small surface water

Site specific leaching fractions

N leaching pathways

Leaching from stored manure

Surface run-off from fields Shallow leaching

to surface waters

Leaching to below rooting zone

Site-specific leaching and surface-runoff fractions

Surface-runoff fractions Slope, land-use, precipitation surplus, depth to rock, Application rate manure and fertilizer

Leaching fractions Precipitations surplus, temperature, soil texture, land-

use, rooting depth, soil organic C content, Nitrogen surplus

Runoff of N, kg ha-1 yr-1Shallow N leaching to

surface waters, kg ha-1 yr-1

N leaching to groundwater, kg ha-1 yr-1

Nitrate concentration in shallow groundwater,

mg NO3 l-1

Ammonia emissions

kg N ha-1

Fate of N surplus (total N balance)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

AT BG BL CZ DE DK EE EL ES FI FR HU IR IT LT LU LV NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK

nitrogen oxidesnitrous oxideammonialeachingdenitrification

N surplus, kg N per ha

50%

100%

Baseline 2020,current trend

2020,NH3 measures

2020,NO3 measures

2020,NO3 measures,NH3 measures

Results of policy scenarios

NH3 emissionNO3 leaching

2020,NO3 measures,

low N feed

N2O emission

Conclusions

MITERRA-EUROPE applies a uniform and integrated approach for agriculture in EU-27 N balances on regional level N leaching and gaseous N emissions NO3 concentration in shallow groundwater Scenario analyses

EU Agriculture

Developments; links of MITERRA with other models

RAINS/GAINS

CAPRI

CCAT tool (Cross Compliance Assessment Tool): http://www.ccat.nl/UK/

Eururalis land use: http://www.eururalis.eu/index.htm

INTEGRATOR (Nitroeurope): http://www.nitroeurope.eu/

References

http://www.scammonia.wur.nl/UK

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/cafe/activities/ammonia_en

Oenema, O., D. Oudendag and G.L.Velthof (2007) Nutrient losses from manure management in the European Union. Livestock Sciences 112, 261–272.

Velthof GL, D Oudendag, HP Witzke, WAH Asman, Z Klimont and O Oenema (2008) Assessment of nitrogen emissions in EU-27 using the integrated model MITERRA-EUROPE. Journal of Environmental Quality (in press).

Oenema, O., H.P. Witzke, Z. Klimont, J.P. Lesschen, and G.L. Velthof (2008) Integrated assessment of promising measures to decrease nitrogen losses from agriculture in EU-27. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment (submitted)

© Wageningen UR

Thank you!

P balance on country level

0

50

100

150

200

AU BL BG CY CZ DK ES EE FI FR DE EL HU IR IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SK SL SE UK

surplus

yield

grazing

manure

fertilizer

Phosphorus, kg P2O5 per ha per year

* *

Validation/test: NO3 leachingTable xxx. Distribution of nitrate concentration in wells in groundwater bodies in European countries in 2002* (SOURCE EEA**) and the average calculated nitrate concentration with MITERRA-EUROPE in 2000. Percentage of wells <10 10-25 25-50 >50 mg NO3/l

average NO3 concentration MITERRA-EUROPE,

mg NO3/l

Austria 35 27 22 16 7 Belgium 0 0 100 0 56 Bulgaria 43 25 18 14 24 Czech Republic 65 19 6 10 53 Denmark 49 17 13 21 50 Estonia 81 18 1 1 10 Finland 100 0 0 0 10 France 22 25 48 4 22 Germany 40 40 20 0 38 Greece 52 23 14 11 13 Ireland 73 23 5 0 14 Italy 56 12 13 19 18 Latvia 100 0 0 0 8 Lithuania 99 1 0 0 14 Malta 0 0 33 67 162 Netherlands 69 7 7 17 78 Poland 74 13 5 8 36 Portugal 47 19 16 18 7 Slovakia 66 13 13 8 12 Slovenia 24 31 29 17 11 Spain 4 16 38 42 26 Sweden 100 0 0 0 6 United Kingdom 37 22 28 12 17 * for all countries results are from 2002, except for France (2000), Greece (1998), Liechtenstein (2001) and Spain (1999). ** htp://dataservice.eea.europa.eu/atlas/viewdata/viewpub.asp?id=1364