Missouri History

I. Indian Civilization

A. Prehistoric1. “before written history”2. Major tribes of Missouri:

a. Hopewell (500bc-400 ad) -Mound Builders b. Mississipian (900AD-1350

AD) c. Osage and Missourian--Farmers and Hunters

3. “Missouri”=land of large canoes

B. European Settlement

1. French Explorersa. Fr. Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolietb. First written accounts of Missouri exploration (1673)

2. French Colonizationa. Robert Cavalier, de la Salle -Claimed Mississippi Valley for France-Called area Louisiana (1682)

Marquette and Joliet

b. Founding of Ste. Genevieve 1. 1st permanent white settlement2. app. 1730

3. Louisiana Purchasea. April, 1803b. France sold area west of the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mtns. to the US for $15 millionc. People involved:

1. Napoleon Bonaparte 2. President Thomas Jefferson3. Robert Livingstone and James

Monroe

1. Founding of St. Louis (Feb. 15, 1764)a. Pierre Laclede and Auguste Chouteaub. Named the site St. Louis in honor of the French King, Louis IX c. Fur trading post

C. Settlement of Missouri

2. 1811—New Madrid earthquake, the worst in US history, occurred (Dec. 16)

3. 1812---A portion of the Territory of Louisiana became the Territory of Missouri (June 4)

4. 1812---The first general assembly of the Territory of Missouri met (Oct. 1)

Video

D. The Missouri Compromise1. In 1819, Missouri applied for statehood2. Sparked debate over the status of

slavery3. Compromise:

a. Missouri admitted as a slave state (12)b. Maine admitted as a free state (12)c. Southern boundary of MO used to divide free states from slave states

4. Missouri 24th state on Aug. 10, 1821

1820

E. First Government of Missouri1. First state capitol=St. Charles

(1821-1826)2. Jefferson City became permanent

capital city in 18263. First Governor=Alexander McNair

F. Gateway to the West

1. St. Louis served as a base for those exploring west.--- Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804

2. Stephen F. Austin left MO to settle territory of Texas

3. Westward expansion trails originated in Missouri

G. Missouri in the Civil War

1. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1846) a. Dred Scott=Slave sued for freedomb. Controversial case in which the Supreme Court ruled that slaves could not be US citizens

Circuit Court of St. Louis

Missouri SupremeCourt

United States Supreme Court

2. Bleeding Kansas a. Missouri=slave stateKansas=free stateb. Kansas-Nebraska Act

--allowed new states to vote on the issue of slavery (popular sovereignty) c. MO residents attempted to vote illegally in the KS electionsd. Resulted in several bloody attacks between the MO ruffians and the KS settlers led by John Brown.

3. Claiborne Jackson a. was elected Governor of Missouri in 1861b. Pro-Confederacy and attempted to seize the St. Louis arsenal but was defeatedc. Pro-confederate govt. officials driven out of Jefferson City by Union Captain Nathaniel Lyon

--Battle of Boonville (June 17, 1861)

--Battle of Carthage (July 5, 1861)

4. Major Battles

a. Wilson’s Creek (Aug. 10, 1861)1. 1st major battle of the Civil War west of the Mississippi River. (Springfield area) 2. Bloody Confederate victory

b. Guerilla warfare (1862-1864)1. MO Bushwhackers vs. KS Jayhawkers2. Isolated ambushes3. Bloody Bill Anderson and Quantrill's Raiders

c. Battle of Westport (Oct. 23, 1864) --Ended Sterling Price’s raid into northern MO

II. Official State Emblems

A. State Motto 1. “Salus populi suprema lex esto” 2. Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law3. Taken from the Roman philosopher, Cicero

B. The State Seal

1. Designed by Judge Robert William Wells

2. Adopted by the Missouri General Assembly on January 11, 1822.

3. The Center: a. Right Side (US Symbols) Bald eagle with arrows and olive

branches “the power of war and peace lies

in the hands of the Federal Govt.

Judge Robert William Wells,

designer of the Missouri State Seal,

congressman and Missouri’s

attorney general from 1826 to 1836.

b. Left Side (State symbols) 1. Grizzly Bear (strength) 2. Silver Crescent Moon

a. symbolizes MO status/growth

b. 2nd state created out of the Louisiana territory

4. The Shielda. “United We stand, Divided we fall” b. MO’s advantage of being a state in the Union

5. Grizzly Bears--symbolize the state's strength and its citizens' bravery

6. MDCCCXX (1820) --the year Missouri began functions of a US state

7. Helmet and starshelmet=represents state sovereignty

star=Missouri's status as the 24th state.

C. The State Flag

1. Missouri adopted an official flag on March 22, 1913

2. Flag consists of: • Red stripe represents valor• White stripe represents purity• Blue stripe represents justice• The coat-of-arms (state seal)

is in the center

http://www.senate.mo.gov/05info/press-room/kidspage/State%20Symbols/State%20Symbols.ppt

D. The State Animal--Missouri Mule

E. State Flower--Hawthorne

F. State Tree--Flowering Dogwood

G. State Insect --Honeybee

H. State Bird--Blue Bird

I. State Fish--Channel Catfish

J. Missouri Day--Celebrated the third Wednesday in October each year

K. The State Capitol

1. Jefferson City established in 18262. Three different capitol buildings

in Jeff City a. first two destroyed by fireb. Current building finished in 1919 for $4,215,000 ---The building is 437 feet long, 300 feet wide at its center and 200 feet wide in the wings.

3. Famous Statues at the Capitola. Thomas Jefferson on the south entrance sideb. Ceres=goddess of vegetation on the top of the dome c. Louisiana Purchase bronze relief

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

CERESCERES

Louisiana Purchase

Relief

4. Inside the MO Capitol

a. Thomas Hart Benton Murals

--a collection of bronze busts depicting famous Missourians and a plaque describing their accomplishments and history.

b. Hall of Famous Missourians

MO House of Reps

The Missouri Senate