MISSISSIPPI SOYBEAN PROMOTION BOARD PROJECT 58-2014 … · 2015. 5. 20. · Apr. 2015 1 MISSISSIPPI...
Transcript of MISSISSIPPI SOYBEAN PROMOTION BOARD PROJECT 58-2014 … · 2015. 5. 20. · Apr. 2015 1 MISSISSIPPI...
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MISSISSIPPI SOYBEAN PROMOTION BOARD
PROJECT 58-2014 (YEAR 2)
2014 Annual Report
TITLE: Impact of Planting Date and Maturity Group on Management Strategies for
Insect Pests in Soybean
INVESTIGATORS: Angus Catchot, Associate Professor of Extension, Mississippi State
University, 662 418-8163, [email protected]; Jeff Gore, Assistant Research Professor,
Mississippi State University, 662 820-9969, [email protected]; Trent Irby, Assistant
Professor of Extension, Mississippi State University, 662 418-7842, [email protected]; Don
Cook, Assistant Research Professor, Mississippi State University, 662 255-1899,
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The Early Soybean Production System (ESPS) is the program that armed growers with the ability
to achieve much higher yields and avoid many of the devastating late-season insect pests that
robbed soybean yields across the South. Currently, growers are trending toward later planting
dates, and in many cases have forgotten the benefits of early planting. Because of this pests such
as corn earworm and soybean looper are being observed infesting more and more acres, and
many are also pondering the use of Bt soybean technologies for the South.
This project will answer critical questions around insect infestation timings based on planting
dates and maturity groups, as well as strong agronomic data based on planting dates in the Hills
and Delta region of the state.
Graduate Student Masters Project
Objective One: Identify the seasonal periods in MG IV and V soybeans in the Hills and Delta
region of Mississippi where the greatest threat of insect pest loss is likely to occur.
Activities: Data have been analyzed and reports are in review.
Objective Two: To evaluate the benefits of season-long control of caterpillars in MG IV and
MG V Soybeans in the Hills and Delta region of Mississippi at various planting dates.
Activities: Data have been analyzed and reports are in review.
Objective Three: Document the potential risk of flaring caterpillar pests by use of disruptive
pyrethroid sprays targeting other pests or their potential economic benefit at various planting
dates and maturity groups in the Hill and Delta regions of MS.
Activities: Data have been analyzed and reports are in review.
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Materials and Methods
To determine the seasonal periods where the greatest threat of insect pest loss is likely to occur
in Mississippi, an experiment was conducted at the R.R. Foil Experiment Station in Starkville,
Mississippi, as well as the Delta Research and Experiment Center in Stoneville, Mississippi.
Experimental design was a randomized complete block with a factorial arrangement of
treatments with four replications, with factor 1 being planting date and factor 2 being treatment.
Plots were four rows 65 feet long, with 10-foot-wide alleys and four border rows in between
planting dates. There were seven planting dates with two maturity groups at each location spaced
out every 15 days from the third week of March through the second week of July.
The two cultivars were Asgrow 4632 and Asgrow 5332, which are MG IV and V, respectively.
There were four spray regimes in each planting date by maturity group combination. Foliar
applications were initiated at the R1 stage, or at first sign of caterpillar pest, or if economic
threshold was reached before the R1 stage.
Spray Regimes were 1) Untreated Check, 2) Simulated Bt soybeans (Prevathon at 20 oz/acre
every 2 weeks), 3) Bug only/Disruptive Sprays (Dimethoate 16 oz/acre) @ R1, R3, and R5, and
4) Threshold.
Sampling for insect pest was done with a standard 38-cm sweep net at 25 sweeps per plot.
Samples were placed into one-gallon Ziploc bags and placed into a freezer for 24 hours and then
counted in the lab to determine all beneficial and pest insects per sample.
Samples were taken weekly starting at the R1 growth stage and carried out through the R7
growth stage. Stand counts were taken at the V1 to V2 growth stage to determine plant
populations and uniformity of plots. Plant heights were taken at the V1, R1, and R6 growth
stages, as well as a canopy closure measurement at the R6 growth stage. Soil temperature was
also recorded at planting. Plots were harvested at the end of the season (middle two rows of each
plot). All data were analyzed in PROC GLIMMIX from SAS with a Poisson distribution and a
0.05 alpha level.
Report of Progress/Activity
Due to the extremely large volume of data associated with this project, the student is
transitioning from a M.S. program directly into a PhD program to allow for large plot
implementation of his findings in 2015 and 2016.
The student has summarized 2013-14 results for publication. The publications are in review and
will be available after all revisions are made.
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The publications are:
Effects of Planting Date and Maturity Group on Soybean Agronomics
N.R. Bateman1, A.L. Catchot
1, J. Gore
2, D.R. Cook
2, F.R. Musser
1, and J.T. Irby
1
1 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology,
Mississippi State University, 100 Old Highway 12 Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA 2
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi
State University, Delta Research and Extension Center, 82 Stoneville Rd P.O. Box 197,
Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
Effects of Planting Date and Maturity Group on the Occurrence of Soybean Insect Pest
N.R. Bateman1, A.L. Catchot
1, J. Gore
2, D.R. Cook
2, F.R. Musser
1, and J.T. Irby
1
1 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology,
Mississippi State University, 100 Old Highway 12 Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA 2
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi
State University, Delta Research and Extension Center, 82 Stoneville Rd P.O. Box 197,
Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
A summary version of a Power Point presentation of the results from this study follows.
Seasonal Occurrence Of
Caterpillar Pests Of
SoybeansNick Bateman, Angus Catchot,
Jeff Gore, Fred Musser, Don Cook,
Trent Irby
Introduction
• Early Soybean Production System (ESPS)
– Ability to achieve higher yields
– Potential to avoid damaging late season pest
a) Corn Earworm
b) Soybean Looper
c) Stink Bugs
– Now growers are trending back toward later planting
dates, and in some cases have completely forgotten
about the ESPS
Justification
• 2014 Insect Control + Losses > $34,500,000
– Stink Bugs, Soybean Loopers, and Corn Earworms
• Corn Earworms Loss + Cost = $11,009,548
– Infested 16.9% of total soybean acres
– 688,455 Bushels lost
• Soybean Loopers Loss + Cost = $11,101,041
– Infested 33.8% of total soybean acres
– 690,104 Bushels lost
Caterpillar Pests Infesting Soybean in Mississippi
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Acres Treated
$38,988,282
Mississippi Soybean
• In 2004 65% of MS soybeans were planted by April
25th
• In 2012 it was less than 40%
• As cotton acres drop, producers are beginning to
plant more Group V soybeans over several planting
dates to manage harvest
Acreage Shifts Mississippi (2014)
400,000
2,225,000
540,000
400,000100,000
Cotton Soybean Corn Wheat Sorghum
60%
Objectives
• Identify the seasonal periods where the greatest threat of insect pest loss is likely to occur.
• To evaluate the benefits of season-long control of caterpillars (Simulated Bt) and the potential risk of flaring caterpillar pests
• Determine the agronomic benefits of planting date for soybean
Overall Materials and Methods
• RCB Design
– Factorial trt arrangement
– Factor A Planting Date
– Factor B Treatment
• Treatments
– Prevathon 20oz (Simulated Bt)
– Threshold
– Dimethoate 16 oz (Bug Only)
– UTC
• 2 Locations
– Hills (Starkville North Farm)
– Delta (Stoneville DREC)
• 2 Maturity Groups
– Asgrow 4632 (Group IV)
– Asgrow 5332 (Group V)
• Samples taken once a week
– Samples were bagged in Ziploc bags and
frozen then counted in the lab
• All pest and beneficial insects where counted
• Data Analyzed with SAS 9.3
– Alpha = 0.05
– Poisson Distribution
Mississippi Soybean Planting
5 15 25 25 20 5 3 2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Planted
14-Mar/1-Apr 1-Apr/15-Apr 15-Apr/1-May 1-May/15-May
15-May/1-June 1-June/15-June 15-June/1-July 1-July/15-July
Materials and Methods Cont.
• Hills 2013
– Planting Dates
– 3/28, 4/17, 5/9, 5/30, 6/13, 7/1,
7/15
• Hills 2014
– Planting Dates
– 3/21, 4/1, 5/8, 6/4, 6/16, 6/30,
7/16
• Delta 2013
– Planting Dates
– 4/8, 4/15, 5/8, 5/30, 6/13, 7/1,
7/15
• Delta 2014
– Planting Dates
– 3/25, 4/16, 5/12, 6/3, 6/13, 6/30,
7/16
Results
• Canopy closure was maximized before Julian Day 147 (May 27)
– Loss of 1% of canopy closure a day after 5/27
• Plant height was maximized on Julian Date 153 (June 2)
– Loss of .4426 IN/day after June 2
• Yield was maximized on Julian day 110 (April 20)
– Loss of .396 bu/day (2.77 bu/week) after April 20
Summary
• With yield decreasing daily after April 20 it is important to save what yield potential is left for plantings later than April 20 through extensive Management
• Also after May 27 canopy closure starts to decrease leaving later planted soybean more vulnerable to higher egg lays by caterpillar pest
• When plant heights were maximized there was more lodging that occurred
Results
• Soybean Looper peaked between 8/20-10/8
– Planting dates 4-7(5/30-7/16) vulnerable to soybean looper
• Stink Bugs had the same peak and vulnerable planting dates as Soybean Looper
• Bean Leaf Beetle peaked between 8/10-9/27
– Planting dates 3-5 (5/8-6-16) fell in this peak
– Planting dates 6 and 7 (6/30-7/16) also vulnerable to this peak
Table of Caterpillar Threshold Sprays
Threshold Sprays
Location and
Planting Date Spray Date Insect Pest Chemical
Hills 2013
4 29-August Soybean Loopers Belt 2 oz/a
5 29-August Soybean Loopers Belt 2 oz/a
6 29-August Soybean Loopers Belt 2 oz/a
Delta 2013
5 17-September Soybean Loopers Belt 2 oz/a
6 17-September Soybean Loopers Belt 2 oz/a
Soybean Loopers By Treatments
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Prevathon 20 oz Threshold UTC Disruptive
Me
an
of
the
se
as
on
to
tal
a
bb
ab
P<0.0001
Yield for treatments
44.3 42.2 40.9 39.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Prevathon 20 oz Threshold UTC Disruptive
Bu
sh
els
/Ac
re
a bbab
P=0.0057
Results
• Prevathon (Simulated Bt) significantly lowered caterpillar pest compared to all other treatments
• When looking only at planting dates that reached economic threshold, Prevathon (Simulated Bt) yield statistically higher than the UTC.
• The potential for Bt beans through these two years of research only fall in the last 30% of the planting window, but more work is needed to define the actual window for Bt beans
Questions?