MISIW: !&-ewe h p r t and Reccmnsnd6tiom ~4 W i c irctivities i n the European The6ter.

SLmJECT P A E

Chepter 1: T/O h E :C-107 3ands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Saction 1 - -dminiatration . , , , , , , , , , , , . . Section 2 - T~.c:.r.icd Supirvisim . , . , . , , , . , , 2 Section 3 - 0,:i:tiona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Section 4 - Organieztion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I, adction 5 - Su>?ly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . j Suction b - Concluaione end R-cwc.endbtions . . . . . . 6 BibLioghphp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Chcrhr 2: No,i-T;O E. G or Extra Duty B,rL;& . . . . . . . . 8 Scction 7 - Orgmiaotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e section 8 - O+r..tione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Section 9 - SL;.** , . . * . , I . . I . * . * . * * F ,%cLio., 10 - Col clmiom and kcm.da t ions . . . . . 10 BraLb,Jep& 4 , . . + I s I , s m e 4 . * 10

Chapter 3: Usoellane6us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U. &otioii IJ - Vocal ?m.,rm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Section 12 - axmy Ewy N i t - K i t I + . - - s - . u Scotion L3 - V-Disca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l2 Section 14 - Go.,c~uaions and kca.S.ct tion8 12 Bra1io;raph.v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l3

- a - iippendices t

1. plan far ham * ndetratipg.

a. Wing the Eurcpeen cenlpaign, the personnel of a l l numbesed or deepratem T/O & E bands in the Kwepean W a t e r , we8 undar the juris- diction d tha Mjutant Censral. The er eervice ai all aiviaica T/O k I b n d ~ w a s Bfantry, while the arm d all desiyrakrd as being Air obrper sirroe m e of the above semlaee or Bpme included hand O f f i W 8 m band soctiarul, 811 mettera cmcerniw! tbe ad- mieirrtrtition of bmb, - a typo unit, were crmpletely decentralized. a n t s by reauielt ion, by Ulltary Occupation Specialty number, t h r q h norha nd jutant GenerPf gsrsonnsl channelel from the GrmuI Borces ilsinforoemnt CarmnenB. h the Ground Pootces Reinfaroemsnt C o d t he re v u no systom provided by which such classified talent could be revealed eroept *o%h Xflitary Oaoupatian B,eoialty number.

bir Pcrcee Bands waa

b. fi W@ c l r i&ae3ly i4tSnaSd thrt bend8 W O U a Becup0 TefiaOe-

2. @&soweion.

a. The problem & %echeieel supemision frm a high level b e w vaiy cau&cated if administrative msttera were not oarried out on fhe cmreayondine. lawl. For rmnqler

m y bend8 subnitted morning reports ea a oansolldated part of the Badquartera Detochwnt t o Whioh they were

nation and location Or tbe bsna did not appear cm my sf the machine rsoorde reaorte,

&cnm colmanding oificers ueed band T/Ole t o hide e x t r a alerks, W o k drlvara, woks, e t h . ImanrPbile rOporting ocmplete abanda' on their mclrning mmta.

The "la of band6 w w dlreotly affected when thay wem overlooked in the award of decorations. &48ny ban& did work well de" af awerde.

In many lnatance8, the bandleader baoked t h e psrformvlnoo of T/O & E bands, The booking of non-T/O o r nvoluntewa W e , on the other bnd, wau reoogaizea as a reapon- elbi l i ty OS the spoeinL mrviws ofYic0r. Oomiderable confuedcm and uneven d ie t r ibu t i cm of entertafiunsnt.

at twhed i" aamSr3stratiWi c&n1188Qwtly. the d e s b -

This lea ta

routing s u p to 2-1, 2uropeirn Theater of Opsrations, ZL June 1945, %atest LIB lulmber inventary revealed only three bandamn in the c o " d . . . # I . This wa6 a t a time when Ground Forcer ?ahforcement Commend had over 95,ooO replacements. Eandldaders often waited for as long as a year f o r a replacement, A typical statement mads by a warrant o f f i c e r bandleader is, n ~ ~ & h sent us m e t 4 drummers rho mul& not rebd nursic,l* h e i d e a fai l ing provide su f f i c i en t replacsmsnts, the system forced bandleadsrs to resort t. recruiting bandsmsn from nearby unite. Thta pMceas was so slow t h a t bands often remained inoperative for long periods of time. .Pa- placemSnta, whether locally recruited o r secured through channels, lacked ta lent end mang were unable tr p l a y because of lack o f praoticea

t h e administration of e31 T/O 6 E %lo7 Bands was the opinion of t h e majority of special services off icers end bandleaders conedted& The majority of the cmsultauts f e l t t ha t had epaoial ssrvlces been responaib) f o r the administration of such banda, methods would k v a been developed t o secure end train replacements, and that the i r general adminis t ra t iva s ta tus would have been improved.

c. That, apecjal. services should have been made respons ib le for

Technical supervision was provided for only BB a p a r t of the cOOPPBnd mrponsibslity of the iarnediata cQppDBnding of f i ce r of t h e band. Horrever, aq@etlons as to the employinant of tho T/O & E ';an& xere offered t h r o w dpeCi8l services technica l channels t o s p e o i a se rv i ces o f f i c e r s i r (See a+priCix 5)

4. Discussion.

a. The technical euperviaion of bands was often exerc ised by an jndividual who had U t t l e or no mueical background. dands were e i t h e r e w c t e d t o plaJr in inlpossible elrounatances, or without the opportunity to prepare the i r music in rehearsale; or, they f a i l e d t o f u l l y accomplish the i r mission, because of the inability of those exsrcieing teckmLcel. supervision, to judge the amount of work the band w a a capable of doing%

the Europan Theater l a t e in the o m & 'he exprienoe &ned by e i e c i a l eervioes, has &awn t ha t it is the logical t e c b n i d service t.e exercise technical supervision over all TI0 k E bands. The opinion of the majority of e ~ e o i a l strvluas officers and bandleaders coneulted in- dicated that specicl k h c e o should bevo been nade respondblo for the technical auparvision of all T/O & E 20-107 BPndsl They felt that t h e operation of s w h T/O & J!t b&5 would tiam Dew greetly improved If one agency, a p c l a l aarvicss preferred, had been designated t o exe rc i se thia technical supenriaion. Thct maw special services off icere , w i t h Choir present training, are not qua l i f ied t o exerclse dupervision of band8 has been mvedled. Also, bandleaders, as they am currently chopen and

b. Tac'rxiic~l sumrvision by a p o l a l services became a reality h

part of the opccial

aTz-M!2 OPWATICW

5. %r.s for 0:EretinCr T/O k E B- xere summarired in cra~lo

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,;%:?:?=a, dated 14 h p i l 1944, fmn Headquartsrs F h s t United Stttes h~ Group to the :.&r Deparhent, which said, nht present time d iv i s ions me using t h e i r bends for purposes of prwiding music and r ec rea t ion for th s troops. \;hen these divisions go h t o combat, the bandB will be used i n various ways, a t t h e d iscre t ion of their c o w d h g gemrpla. HOYJ- over, in practically a l l 08888, bands" w i l l haw Zo be wed as l i t ter- bearars, f i r s t aid men, and, in soma casos, replacmmts...,.". U~sions of TfO & E bands, ee spcc i f ica l ly l i s t ed in FM 2e-54 and Chari~e ;!1 are:

"a. To 2;rticipLe in, end t o fumieh the dosired m u s i c at military functior,a.

"b. To furnish rmusical entortainnent for the command on such occasions 6s may be prescribed by. the comaanding officer.

of the unit to which the band is organically assigned.'l %. To perform suitable caabat duties as dimcted by t he co"and@x

6. Discussion.

a. Sow divisional ccmmanders gave their bands tasks, such as, guarding and sorv ic iw res t areas, guarding supply traina, and guarding tho divisional command post - whore rehearsal8 could be held and tna in- togrity of the band, 88 a musical oqanieation, COUM be maintained. Thus, when tho d iv is ion pas disengapd, thc band w t 8 a b h to function as a muaiOal organi.aation loraediatoly. Tho= adrrmBndLm, who used t h e i r bandma as UttoPbGCrOrE and a8 replacmnta, found that, when ncedud, t hc i r S d a *or0 inoperctive and requlwd coolplcto reorganization. This often took as long as b!o months tlnra.

forward a a thair mgimntsl c"and ?A&. Thop travelad on trucks, $laying for scattcrod groups of troops. cMmplo of tho type, w a ~ +,ho :mnd of the 101 Pdrbome EiviSiOn, membcrs of which nor0 often undor f i r0 during tha ..rnheim operation.

tainmant i n divisional end corpa rest aroas. The btind of the 2E Infmtrg Division was engapd in such duties whcn they l o s t ell but 1'7 of t h o i r 58 men during the Wonma Ca!qylrn. Soparato bands rYiro employed i n corps, aw and baso scction r c s t ccntcrs, whtch were locatod f u r t h w t o the rear,

unploycd solaly fur thu cntertainmcnt of the t r o o p of t h a t r o g i k m t . Lwr ionce has ahovm, bands ehould not bc assignod t o M ochclon l a v e r than tho cchalon from oh thoy BM expcctcd t o opcrato. if it is desired t h a t a band servieo senrsl. scparatc rc&"nta, the band should not bc assigncd to one of tho rogimonte, but t o tho echolon above.

b. Othcr divisionel bands opraicd aa small ensambles as far Ttsy p l 5 p d at the roadsides,

h

c, Divisionel bonds were used t o fumish music and Uvo CntOr-

d, Bands which M C ~ O a s e a c d t o eep?,rate wgimnts WOru u6ud.y

For aam?le:

Q , Tht Cianot: bands of T/O e: I bands b o o m of oquaL importanoe mith t h e nLUta~j bands of which thoy were a part. Thoso groups mcro valuable becausa of t hc i r wbi lLty ; tho d c f M h l y p0d.U~~ p a c t i o n they caussd in tho morala of tho troops; Md t he i r on ter tahment vjluc. An cnamblo of t.w pleyars could p l q for mea6 U s , a t conwy halts, i n auditoriums and i n bivouac. Thoy wars uscd with, end, i n many cascs, as vohiclcs f a r v a r i o ~ ahows and musical mvws. The rcaults hava ppovorl thft militaq bands can bo epl5.t into d clrrsemblaa, oach of whlch can oporatc indtrpondantly. mm are raiacrd, thc nuoiber of small ensemblaa available can bu ~ C I W ~ S G ~ . Chanps i n the T/O & E d Zmds nrc nocossarg. t o make t h i s sait oporation mro successful.

IT prosant standards of rousicianbhip of bande-

Thc irltO&'$ of tho b w , as B conbar t and

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militarg band, while perfonning undor capabls leadcrahig,

the sp l i t ope ration, be maintained

f. Thc o?inions of the p a t majcritg of the consultants indl- cat8 that one mission of the T/O & E AGIO7 B d w a a identical with the mission of special servioes; L e . , paragraph 5 b above, Because of this dLqdiCatiM of mission and In order to provide the spacial a s r v i c ~ s office with an authorisad musical organization, the consultants &met wr&nihnusi stated that they f e l t special ervices should be responsible fo r t h operation of T/o & E B e n J

ORGANIZATION

7. ,Jsrsonnel:

a. Thc tablg of organbation authorized fox soparatc end organizational bands was T/O L E 20-107 datod 8 ffirch 19@, with sub- eequont Changcs #L, 7 N u s t 1944; and hJ 2l+ b h 1945. This Ti0 & E provides for one warrant officer and I unllstcd m n for a soparato band, and two warrant offioers and 56 anlisted men for an orga%ational band.

t o ‘iar Deprtment Lc t t r , f i l e AG 222 G-f-GNWT, 7 h y 1944, subjoctr Wsor;anization and ..edosignatioii of Non&,vi.sional B a d s .It

b. S b p y a t b band$ waro reorganiaod and mdesignatod according

c. OFneral cri t icisms of thc T/O & E used fo r bands during the summsrized a? follcve:l campaign, can be

(11 Thc Growth of importance of thc dance bends f o d f FORI tho T/O & E ,bands, emphasiecd the f a c t that no provisions vem made, in thc T/O 8 E wed, f o r zu i ta r >layocrs, extra pianists, wophonists, and contrabass playdrs, these indispensable players under othar biil i tary Occupation Spc ia l ty numbers.

Tho strcngth of the o r g d a a t i e n a l band was aClguat0. l bwmr , tho strength of the separate band was inode- qub. t h h of two dance bands v u y di f f icu l t . NorL;l furlouch rete and sick ca l l often rDndarod the separatc band in- operative as a military band h a u s e of dopendency on

This omifision necessitatad tho concealing of

’IW musiaal qupLttg of the 28 i>iWe bnnd We3 The 28 piuca instrumontation mado the cmposiCion

’%, “ &ycrG.

me majority of the consultants indicatcd their bcliof tllef thc charactrir of the work roc.uired of bend-, hghly & U e d and technical, i s not rccognietd b corresponding grsdes in tho tiblo of organization$

The proeant maximum rank for bandleader, as provided by T/O 6 E 20-107, is chief warrant officer. Bandloaders should be authorized a c d a s i c u a d rank, fn lceephg with t h ~ technioP naturs of t hc i r profession, and oanunand raaponeibility. opinion of a l l bendl~sdors e.nd tho majority of 6pc i .d sarvicoa o f f i o o r d

This was t h o unanimous

R_ZslrIZlCrlCD SECTION 5

SUPPLY P

8, Current Litcrature:

a. : l r Dqartment Sup?ly Eulletin ki45, dated 13 October 19& authorinas an initial allownncc of J25 .03 t o purchase mucic fm both sopnrato 2nd o r g u i z a t i m a l bands, and a quarterly allowance of ,.45.01 f o r each separate band, and ,90,00 for each organizational band. bu l l c t in f u r t h w states, "Bands outside of the continental 'Jnited Ltatos, unable t o procure music locdly, mag rcquisition on the Port of Embarkatbr t o which they era attcchod f o r supply.ii Authorized band6 i n tine Europan Theator of Opcr2.tions wro in.3tructcd t o requisition music by addressing tho i r requisitions t o t h o Now York Port of d a r k a t i o n (through channels). l i s t i n g t i t l u s , com;~osurs, and rgpoMix ;2 - ~ . u s i c -u l lu t in ~ l f .

Tho

ubUshcrs of music required. (Sue

b. Duo t o mai lddivcry i r regular i ty and delay I n ?roccssing of requisit ions, bendlondars wre unable t o chooso music vhich was, o r would ha, cumently popelar with thc troops by tho time t no i r bande wore ab10 t,o play it. from the Fcv rork Port. Tila music, published for, and uscd by Europcan bmde, was found U~SI . I~ 'MLD~O f o r uso by United Stat26 Arrny b a d s , I,orai?l channels failcd t o provide eppropdeto music, bandlad .c rs purchascd music with psraond funds or* with rocranticnnl funds dosi&natad f o r tho wclfero of thc bancismcn$

&: m0ntt.s uaucdly peascd bcfora music was ritccived

-e

9. Instrumcnts arnd FXpend&blbla junplies:

< . Tho supply Of ?.,e ,,.usice1 i n s t r w n t s end cxpbndablos w8s thc roaponsfbil i ty of thc 0l;fico of thc Chief .ixrtctrmEstcr.

munt t o m o t band rcquircmcntb was not proyidud through prescribed channuls$

b. A l l bencllcadora intiirviewud egrood t h a t the ncccssary equip

(1) llusicnl oquipxnt was not requisitioned from the Zom of In tur ior i n s&etanbia l quantitius, k q u i a i t i o n s woro bawd on inaccurate, rcports which did not show tho coorcct numbcr of bando in tho ThoatLr.

( 2 ) Ekluipcnt and roquisit ions wcrc hendlod by pcrsonnol unfamilier with thoso spccializod supplics.

(3) h c ; l p"uremcmt ospccially i n F raco , waa not nd-

(4) 'pi?c :crvicos of rcpair f&c i l i t i c s , available i n P;ris and B ~ u 9 ~ i l 1 , :?we not procurod for tho rapair and maintcnanoo of sd.v&oab~o instrumcnta. Si.ncc an im- portant fac tor iidting thc m u f a c t u r o of new in- s t r w t a , both i n Zuropo and i n tho Unitcd 4t.zt;La, wa8 tho scara i ty of mfchincd brass, this 6tOp should havc boon takcn.

UqUtcly C x p l O i t C d ,

10. Ec;uj.7!mlt:

i. Tkc b b l c of ogipmont of separate arid organisatlonal bands was T/O .$ E 29-107, datod B bkrch 19&, with subsoquent C I q c a 81, datod 7 ..bust 19h4, and $2, datod 24 ..arch 19455

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b. The @xiom of m a d consultants irdicate tildt s ince the Cffioe of the Chief Slrertermasker was not responsible f o r t h e supply o f non-Tlk h t r u m o n t s and acccss~r i ee such as guitara, accordians, sufli- c k n t saxophonaa, danco band mtos, public address eystctlns and drum s o t s , SpoCu services was c a ~ a d upon t o provide t h o d

11. In view of tho foreming discussion, the Conoral 3wrd con- cludos as follovsr

C. The teohnioJl supervision and the oparation of ell Ti0 Q X 20-107 band8 should bo cstabliahed aa D rosponsibiliiq of spec ia l acrvicas. This conclusion is basod upon the assumpLion tht special acrvicea mull bocomo a scparato branch o f service; i n -,ihioh mnt, it w o u l d bo ad- vantagoous for tho branch of ell T/O .% E b a d , w r a o n t ~ ~ l to bo designated as spciel . sorvicos units. Administration is a normal ruspnns%bilit~ of the comaander of thc uuib to rvhich a band is a6signr.d o r attached and should not bo chargcjd t o a sorvico.

t h ~ T/O 1 E band ahoulG be restatcd i n sll tr&inirc I I @ r I U d 6 and Army .7.cLul.tions, 80 a3 to mphasieo t h e importamze of Woir ,Idditd.ond. function as danco bmds.

0. 36 glaprs.

d. should includo tho gcrsonncl and equipnont nocusaary f o r thir opcration cf scveral dance bands within the lorgur mFlittrj7 bznds.

b. The mission and oporatlrg p’inciplas f o r the eniplo.peAt of

Thc strongth of tho Boprntc T/O & X should be incrcmod t o

Tho T/O & 1 for both sriparats a:xl orgnnisaljiond. bmde

e. Tho L T ~ O S included i n the T/O k E of both soparato and organisatiord b d s a m not in lcocphg with tho tcohnicol nature of the work ruquirod of bandamn.

thc tochnicnl riatux of thoir training and wm.d irraponuihility.

similsr to t h p t outlined i n !@cildir. 4.

f . Sondleadcre should bc authorized a rank oomacnsurata with

E ,

h.

Tfio 6up~ly of music for bands should bu owodi tcd in R mannor

The ;~octimmcnt, s t o r q c , handlin: and issue of all musical oc-uipunt should bo Iilpdo tha rriSpQnaibilit7 O f O t O SUpplS 8 G r V i O G . r&lificd specialists should be in chr5o of all phasos of mu8 cal In- ~trumont suply f r o m procw”t, y to, and including eelvegof

12. It is wcommdod:

0. Tip. t, Pimthr studr b e mado of the cporatLon of tho T/O & E band ~6 an c n t c ~ ~ n t wxlt md that yrt inonc dcctrinos, tochniquoa, docwnt s , and tables of organisation and cC&@Wnt be emendad bp approprinto agmcics of thi: Thr OcpartmcnC.

mado a responsibility of special scrvicos.

T/O & E Uld volwtecr, bo mdo the responsibility of one supply acrvice.

b. Thet tho opcritior, and supcrviaion of e31 T/O & E b a s bo

That tho supply of musical equipmnt for all bands, both C .

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X r j b T X L L l a i r - - - - -- ---- Bibliography

Ansnors to quostionnairos submittod t o consultants, 'XBSS file.

IM 21-205, datud 16 Sontembtr 1944.

Re$nantsl Recreation Officers' Cui&, US Amr, p e p r e d by Morale Branch, :D.

Lattcr, AG 322 DpF;C, Hq EIOWA, &tad 2 Uay 1945, subj: hlloczt ion of ..my B. d e . '1

F?4 28-5, t i t l o rf..rq~ Chanro dl.

T/O & C ;C-107, dntcd 8 tiarch 1944; Changu il, 7 &Lust 1944; Change 42, 24 Iaarch 1945.

9 Supply 3ull~tiri 1 M 4 5 (13 Oetobcr 1944).

Afttr Action B q o r t , Third US A m y , 1 higust l9U to 9 Nay 1945.

AR 220-5, dated 16 Doc&cr 194k; C m a f3, 3 JJly 1945.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6 .

7. E.

9.

13. p a n f o r Organization:

a. %courade!ent of the formtion cf volunteer extra-duty bands ICE inuluded i n the ovm-all palicy of the Special Services Divieion, '.car Repartment. ..uthority for the oqenization of volunteer bands is in- cluded i n .R 253-58 dated 3s Decanrbrr 1974; md Change #2, dated 1 June 19U. Vnit spcial services officers were delegated the responsi5iUty of organiziog and Edmlnistering these bands.

14. piscussion:

a. lbn-T,'O Pr X bands, somethee called "volmteer bands311 proved to be one Of special cervices' nost powerful morale building imple- ments i n sp i te of the l6ck of organized planning f o r t he i r organisatioc and we, InblscFbinant distribution OR su~$Lies prevented +he maxi" utillcaatioii of such c r i t i c s l instruments as samphones, contrabass, etc. Instruraants, alway6 i n short sup$y, were often hoarded by unite in xhich an active band did not exist. Accordingly, B L ~ equiteble distribution of the acrrices o f the bands w s s impossible.

performance of n o d ;aFlitarjr duties, the efficiency of the buWjmen, as musicians, and a e soldiers suffered alike. The finding of rehearsal t i n s was often d i f f i cu l t . Arq choice of hour usually interfered ~6th regularly assigned duties. Lome unit wmmandera organized t h e i r ban& on a provisional T/O b d i e , and allowed duty time for rehearmla and porfonnancee. alwaya a t the disposal of t he special senrioes of f icer for t h e deve lop ment of his unit music y r o ~ p m . t h a t nuthoriaed T/O E: E dance bands should have been made available BS a t o o l f o r the use of special servlces officers$ logical place for theesa dance bands would bsve been in tho s p c i a l d e r - vices company and tnat the organlzation of such duty-time bands would have been a more ef f io ien t mthod of p d & q entertfi imant music t o the troops than br the 3n&Lscridnant or8anisation of extra-duty KO=- T/O 2mcn bands.

b. 'hen participation i n bend ac t iv i t i e s wae combined with the

:hen t h i s was not the case, the Non-T/O band W a s not

The consultants substantiated the opinion

They f e l t t h a t the

SECna: 6

OFZEATTW5 -- 15. The ~ l a for - the h e r a t ' 2 of NP-T/O or fit a 4 u t Ernds Waf

t o furnish mueic f o r aocial'func%m such as dances ind dt perties.p4 ?&0 wcrea t icna l opportunities ofzared the musicians became aubordinete i n inoportance t o the mte rh innen t value of tho bands.

ver sa t i l i t y was explored. i n the soldierlc life. l istenad to a band composed of t he i r own friends was sponteneous and positive. Varketr ehms nere developed rround nearly every band&,5Bmde ;1leyed

16. The A q t u a l he ra t ions of !Ion-T/O Csn& increased ca t h e i r l'S-Ln;l' ri:~dLc was a welccms element anywhere

TLo i f f s c t an the m o d e of the troops when they

%.e we of laar,-T/Q u m C s ,;as not confined tc dances alone.

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b w i n g and L? the r d n to l i s ten . Convo:f halts, mea8 halls, bombed and gutted buildings, and aards of haspittala became concert hal l s where L . e r k a n awing music was @ayed and heard.

or t'?am seaeions" t o troops who often sat on the ground

17. Jnst-nta end Zmendables for Non-T,'O bands were to be furnished b the llnit of available funds, and the production capccity of the musical instrument manufacturing industry. and industry, mede the supply of instruments for the f u l l m i l i t a r y b a d impossible. Therefore, supplies were U t e d t o those needed t o operate 10 t o 1 5 piece bancb. l o c d pr0cura"t of i t e m not available through nomil epecial services 6U@Y channels. VLO ruplr of inetxunenta for NoL-T~O ~ C S vas & h a p 'difficult as sufficient raw bras6 stock and manufnctllring f ac i l i t i e s were not available. I t e m m e t esaenthl. to the opcration of these bands and special problem concerning aach am:

a. 4rhojhonca. k q d t o s were pmhaeed i n Pari0 from Fr-Lch menufacturers until their brass 6tock waa depleted. &,ul:itions on the ZOUO of In te r ior ROW navcr ccnpleted.

was received frm the United States and Britain. the Britieh wero of Inferior o_Uall t~.

fram the UrLtod S l t L L s cor.tributed t o the i r short l i f e . this i t e m was sufficient, although the twps of ezch set wore not conqlate

made special service6 completely depondent on the Zone of Interior for

There two factors, f u h

Funds and charnels were d e available for the

b. Tru.2ets and Tr~donca. A GubEtantial 8upp1,- of these iQm Tk%e received from

c. Drum C e t L . Ti.6 in fc r ior qua l i t r of the drum sets sblppod The sup,)* of

d. Go,.tr+bass. Xethods of " f a c t u r e of contrabas in t iurop

a supply.

matcq iace of desiznkg. It8 supiar was el-~ays inadequate.

special servlces and t he Oft lce of Chiaf r.IL?.FtU"ter were SeC- tho a m itsma of suppLcs in tho countries of EuroAp, causcd dolays and unnecearary friction.

19. Current Dance Orchestrations: Scts af da.cc orchestrations vere alo'catcti monthly to the major conmami speoial S C r v i C W officers on e basis of troop strength pementage. FurK.4- distribution wan wads by the major command speciel acnricee offlcare upon recoipt of u t rc&- s ~ t l o n s . t l t l a s , aB ohoson by a committee of expr ta i n the Unitod Stctoe, Lace In M e "paign th:. nunbar of t i t l e o an oach aut WBB changed t o eight t0 oorrospond with ths usual number of new and popular tunes available cach month. Navg Hit-Kit. The eup,ily of orchestration8 was inadcguato during most of th6 campeiga; howev r, subaeqwnt to $he music publishers' donatin& of popular dance ws1c to the amy, and the eliminaUon of all oherge for such w i c , the supply wae bufficient.

e Ti!* h;U f ie ld ;riano (r.li stock rubor 36-P-CSO) nab 8

18. The DuJUcation of Effort in Frocumnusnt -hi&\ d a t e d &cause

&ch Lct consisted of four arrqomcnte of currently popular

h e t i t l e s were usud.ly the sake a s tho= published in thc

20. ED f0Uws:

a.

In view of the foregoing discussion, the CorAral Bohrd concludes

The Sup& of music fo r Non-T,'O bonds should be expuditcd in

b. The procurament , atoragc, handling, and issue of all m u s i c a l a mariner siniler to that outlined in A q e n d i x /+,

eqUipnont should bo made the rasgonsibilitg of one eupply servioc. (See paragraph U).

c + The nurabcr of o r g a i c dance bands of spacial services d t S should be increased until the nccd for organizing Non-T,'O rod E dance bands in the smeller uni t s is sllminated.

a. It is r e c m e d : a. n a t the su>-&y of musical aquipmnt for all bands be made

T.kt continuous research be conducted toward the d e V E l O p E n t

the responsibility of one supply sbrvice.

b. of improved matbode of furnishing l iw musicd entorteinrmnt and mu4icd. supplies to the troops in thc field.

22, b u : Sin?% was an important part of the pre-invasion 21- of spec ia l sorvicea. The orzanieation of song fosts, as B recreational diversion, mas t o be ancouraged whenever possible. Singing of Unit songs and marching tunes on road narches vias strcssed$r2r3(fiso 808 &vendi% 6). E::tkuiasm for t h i s particular part of the spocial services music program m e high uU1 events a f t t r t i e invasion s h e d tha t the mmer and opeed with which our army travaled, provided f tvr opportunttics for macised song fea ts . The consuLtant8 unanimously stated that the rcaction of the troops ac t iv i ty w&a n6gEtiVuly reoetxmdt The troops ?I'GfQrrCd to dng i n s& groups, n i t ! only t h e i r olm inner cmtions aa a motivating fo rm. Ti;~;y wanted t o sing the l a t ce t song hits, heard daily on the radios, a s woll as the old favoxitus. soi'g feats wuro enjoyed by tho troops. As a mejor project of the music program, group singing did n o t jus t i fy tho stress plaood on it by specid. scrvices.

23. OrF.anised Choral Sin.rinZ5: l k e prs-invasion nbnning of the epeoial serviccs olusic 'jmgram included ths encouragement of organiaed' chord groups?r.%lee clubs of 10 t o 50 voices mre r o c o m d e d . During the garrison life in &y>and, p e e clubs wre or8aniesd. Lrrza Glee clubs 7m-e formed i n Eworal divisions. The a h c d chorus provod popuhr where nurees o r 'IACs narc avsilable. The effect of organized ohoral music q o n the morale of both thG siqcrs md t he i r audiencis c6mOt be OVCF em@I"haszod. The most rapid growth of oreadzed ah::h:, homvw, occurred among the colorsd trm; s1 tis ncarly every Sattalion hed n sp i r i t ua l , quartet or glce club, I R i t i a l supplies of choral music (poorly selected, Md as a result wesbod) w w m shippud t o tha European m a t e r i n bulk. (See Appcnatr 5j. Latcr ehi,.monts, which adoc3ate4 suppUcd ell groups, voro distributud by package on rcccipt of un i t re@dt ions on Tlicakw Spocisl Scrvlces eupplg. titles, printed on tho outaidc wrapping of Ech package. fac i l i t a tod and F a t l y d u i e d thc handling und atoragc of choral musio .

o a forced preeontation of thrj song f c s t

L en w e n t on the program of a variety show,

A paokags contained 20 eopiUs eGCh Of f ive Tho t i t l c a , pickod by 811 a x y z r t in "I York Cit;., wLra plainly

' h i s t p of 2ackaglng

QEcTIC% 12

-- A m NAVY KIT-KIT a. Mecussion: Tho ..qv Navy fiit-Ut was designed to etinulate

&roup singing md t o bc. a subs t i tu te for the A m y Song Book. nally consisted of a 12 y b , p bookht of piano 5corCs (words and music) and 50 l:mio 8hc~t.s . Tho HiGKit saloctiow , chosen by FA o o d t t u e of musical e w r t s , contained a veriet,- of song8 including swing numbcrs, ballads, marchjag songs, old favorites, and currently popular awoet tunes. excellent t s s to v i t h which its conbnts were chosen, and the attractive- ness of t he & on i ts covCr sheets, mede tho H i t - K i t extremely popdkr with the. troops6 Cc;'aultants unanimously etatud t h a t the l y r i c sheets wcrc not widely usodd They w6ru subsequently nbondonod. then bcoame acccptod as be% the o f f i c i a l amy 8ouFce f o r rheet music.

It origi-

The

Tho E i t - K i t

Small orchoetrationa piano scorc booklet came i n t o gme t demand.

- 11 -

and choral err=:-emnts ware made, using It as a basis. It was used h clubs and dayrooms f o r recreet ioml .piano ?l.s.yln:. Once each noath, the Eit-Gt 8 s included in the weekly magazine kite distributed by apcoial senrices, through Army Postal Service, from the New York Port t o omh Company slzed unit. %finning i n February 1945, the distribution of the lyric she& was abandoned, but t he inclusion of the piano score booklat in the magazine kit continued. bution of 15,000 piano ecore bdoklets was made, based on proportionate tmop strength, to the special- services offieere of the major cprmands.

To supplerent t h i s issue, monthly dis t r i -

S&TIoN 12 V?DISCS

2k. Discussion: v-discs (plastic, p q c r core, 12 inch, non-break- eble, phonograph recordings) contrinod h limited amount of c lass ical music and a bulk of currently :Jowar h i t tunes, most of which were also in- cluded i n the A p Navy Fdt-Xid ?hs selection of tuns6 and artiste was highly rQggrdOd, although sma c nsultents indicated a preftrunoe for a larger percentago of dance tunes? V-discs wore wed with mobile cad s tn t i c publio addrass syatems; thoy wers played beforo pd af ter movias; and they were used as a subst i tute for l i v e dance m u s i c . Seta of 20 V-discs of assorted titles, packed i n wator-proof cardboard boxes, w ~ r e distributod monthly by tho Special LerVlcea Division, ;kr Dopartolunt. Shipments rocoivad in tho Eum9een Theator were allocated on a proportion- a t e troop strength basis, t o the major c~nsand special sorvices Officers, wh0,furthor distributed the seta on receipt of unit ccquisitiora. maxyDum supply of V-discs f o r the European hsztcr , 3,WO eets, m n t h b , was not suf f ic imt t o provide a o t s on a basis of one pkr 250 mn, consid- ered the basis of i S S U a . The lack of ad quate record playera available, and the inferior quality of those in w e t furthcr prevented tho mSXimum use behng made of rooordad mualc as a morale builder. records i rduded i n the V-disc se a, were seldm utiliaed prOperM Classical recordings were desired8 but mainly i n special tppes Of in- stallations such as hogpitals, large clubs, and rest centers. opinion of the cnnsultsnts that specicl sets, containing 0d.g classical recordings and carefully prepared program notes, were needed.

The

Tbe c l a s s i c d

It i s the

25. In view of the foregoing discussion, the General Board concludes as follams:

9, Group s h & & g should be only a spontaneous activity, and

Organiaed choral sbglng should be encouraged.

The Am.. Navy X i t - K i t shovld be included i n the unit maga-

not forced in i ts presentation.

b.

C. zine kit, and also dietributed b:; bulk allocztions through specid. services supply channels.

per company sized unit.

per company sized unit.

V-diso issue.

d, V-Liscs 8hod.d be supplied on B basis of one se t per month

Racord playera shou3.d be m d e available on a basis c f one

Classical recordin:s should not be included i n the sthndard Saecial s e t s , containing only classical recordings shot0.d

e.

f ,

- 12 -

be prepared,

26. It i s reco“ded:

a. Xact further research be made by appropriate S i a r Departmont agencies twierd the dewlopent of improved .nethods of furnlahing choral mudo literature t o troop in the f ie ld .

methods of providing recorded music for the e n t e r t a h m t of troopa i n the field.

b. That reeearcb be conducted b a r d the d e v e l o p a t o f improved

17 Kay, 1945.

TI Source of band muaio t;hrcugh C.uartermaster channels.

If. Source of band music Ghrough S F o i a l Scrvicea channels.

III. Eqendable supylies f o r Authorised Bw&.

I. 'J4r departnent supply bul le t fn 10-14.5 dated 13 October 14wI authorisee a quarter ly music allowance of ,?!,5 for 4 28 piece band and jW f o r a 56 piece band, outside the continental Unit& S t a t e s unable to procure music locally w y requisition on the port of embarkation to which they 81-0 attaohed for supply11. addressing the requis i t ion t o the Nem Yosk Port of &&arkation (Wu;;h challnels) and Ustint titleus, conposers, and publishere of t h e music required. G ~ V O the above mentioned bulletin as t h e bas i s of i s ew .

11. l h s i c which i s knwn t o be a v U b l e et publishers i n the UU &v be requieltionsd through Sacia l %rvices Channels. The ra- 0-uieition ehould be addresaed t o S s c i a l Services, ETOUSA, ( t h r o u h channels) and must 2 v e the title, composer and publisher of t h e COIL- p o d t i o n required. 90 sure and s t a t e where the music om be purchased. Such requis i t ion should not be U t t e d f o r amaU amounts of muaio but should be held unto the band leader b e a dosen or more selections he wishes to obtain. Lf it is n o t def ini te ly known that t h e desirad titles are avellable, statemant ehould b e made on the requis i t ion t h a t the publisher nay eubst i tute shllar type compositions for tho86 out

The b u l l e t i n also states, Q.&a

.'.uthori.sed band8 i n EXQ m y requis i t ion music by

of pr int .

111. T&le three, 3uirtcrmastsr du@y Ca-log &tod hi. 19k5, d v e s a l is t of expendable supplies for each six months period. Rut&sltcton ahodd be submitted and if not f i l l e d resubmitted W 6 q 30 dys. tiona tr determine the reason for la& O f S U P p b .

The '&id leader should follow through on unfilled mqud-

For the Ciduf Of 9.uCiil S = W i c e 6 2

/s/ D.viC: H. T J l u y /t/ DAVlD H. TLaCEY

Colonel, CE, D;Chid , swci-1 Scrvicae .

19 June , 1445. ms1c SlJm"' #::

SE;1xete -T,b & E 20-107 aands

Status: Por l e t t e r order headquarters, ETOeffA, flle iiG 32 O:J W Subject: '1A13*%tion of .my BandeIf, dated 2 K q 1945, Smcial Sewices i, responsible for tho technical supunrFsi0n of %&rate T/O iJI; E, b d s i n the P.cater. lT.erefore S ~ c i c l %mice8 Officers of comaands t o vMch EUI bands are assigned a m responsible fo r the technical supervision of these bands and it i s mcolrnandcd t h a t this duty be debgatad t o il competent Uiwic Off iaer .

1.

2. peflnition of TeckiiicA Su:x.n&sion: TJ recamend&tlons to reepoetive C o m ~ ~ d i n r Officers as t o the assiwmcnt of bands; to audition the bands and deter&e the i r p o s s i b i l i t k s &d limttations;7to dotelmine tha t an adequate training program is bGhg carried on; to insure, through proper echeduling and muting, the maximun util ization of ecch b3rid; to a i d i n the auditioning and acquiring S u l t a b l B replacement personnel, as rcquired; t o advise i n the preparation of requisitions for suppliea acd eciui-puent and the f o l l m h g up on such nquieit ions to inswe t h a t thcse bands are proporly supplied and equippod.

sponaibllity of the km+"astcr Corps, Howwr, Fn instances where noceseary suppkies md oquipnent c m o t be obtained PronGUrrt&l".$tcr SoWCeS, WCia Srld-ccS s u p p ~ a s may b issued t o thcsc bands on ncmorandum receipt, at thc d i scn t ion of the S p c i a l h r v l c o officer ohargsd w i t h tcchnical suporvisioa of thc unit.

3 . SupuUes: Tha supply and equipping of T/O ,nO E bands is the re

a. See ' k r Department Supply Bulletin 10-145, datGd 13 October

b. See Nusic Bulletin #lJ Special 5crvicos, Hq. EIDUSA, d M

c. Dance orchcstratiom and mili tary band arrangements mag be

191r4.

17 &Y 1945. r e q u i e i t h o d through n o m i l Spc ia l dervice SL\P!'~:~ channels ab aut forth i n lo t t c r , headquartore ETOUSA, A0 4W/l qhSS. Subject: s,W&ll Scrvice Supply Procedure, dated 10 b y 19b5.

January 1985 for cxpondeblc itrtos of aupply.

';eeWv Schedule of Band ..octiyiticst (Soparate ban&, T 0 and - 20-107 ; (''GeUy Schedule 0; Band Activitiie); of the Army Kusic Program Guide, Spocial Serviceb, HcadqWbrters ETOUGA, dated €3 h:? 1945.

d. See Tsblc I=, C&omstey Supply Catalog #', datod

4. See Part 11, ac t iv i ty No. 1 3 (% rand Show); a d knnex K

5. Band Contesta and Festival : &E annex E (Su-gestiona for Organizing a b s C d B a d Fe8tival);'annax F (&a-ching B d cont i s t ) ; and " e x G (Suggustiom fo r Condwting a Dame Bend Contest); of t h e Army Euuaic Program Ciui.de, S p c i a l S~rvicss, headquarters ETOUSA, dated 8 31ay 19L5.

/a/ David H. Tullag / t / D A V I D H. W Y

Colonal CE Deputy Chid of Special Services

iestionnaira

cl-.oscn? I 1 I 15,l. 0 21. ' ore there sufiicfrnt rocord ~lcsr;rs? I1 ' 2 1 1 3

-

During the European campaign, bandltladors of both T/O k E ~ r l d volunteer bands experiencod considerable d i f f icu l ty Fn securirlii music which was or would be currently popular with tha troops bv thc time t h e i r bands were able t o play it. Tho i r regular i t ies of m a i l deliveries and delays i n processing of requisitions usually CaW6d 6 months or more t o elapse before music could be obtained from the Naw Yo* Port. methods wore used t o t r y to elluviate tho situation; but none were successful. Yusic was shipped in bulk l o t s and d is t r ibu ted to bandloaders regardless of t i t l e s . Impracticable booausc of the c r i t i c a l shortwe of paper a t that time.

bclievsd, provide a f a s t and ef f ic ien t mnobie fo r providing bandloaders with currently popular music.

h s i c should be issued d i rec t to each bend monthly via ~1.ngr Postal Service, according t o the bandla inon~tory mufiic allowancs, from a centl.el bureau in the Sono of Intcrior. operated by Special Survicos.

In B file s g s t e m in thc central bureau up-to-datc pa%nant data concemlng cech band should bc mafntaincd, i . E . g o d o of d i f f icu l ty o f music eaah band is crpable of playing; l is t of r a p r t o i r b ; inatrumen- t a t ion ,

Various

This obviously wastoful pr8ctic.e WSB particularly

The foUowing o u t l h c br ie f ly describes a aptem which \*ill, it i s

a.

T h central buroau should bo

b.

c. Bondlcaders should roquisitlon music monthly on a spocial music raquiaition form on vihich infometion needed 3n tho supcrvlsion and administration of banda can b e given. prefrronco in selection of t i t l e s and arranp.cnts. Howsvcr, Ff his pre- ference is not avaibblo, he ahodd und, mtand tha t substi tute sulkctions w i l l be made by q ; r t s in the ccntral b u w u aftm cons?llthng t h e i r f i l e e for additional i n f o r a t i o n conacming his W.d.

On thia form, he w i l l indicetc

d. The music roquisition should bc aubmittcd through Specid ?hW, ORCh SbrviceB channels by t h o bandleader to t h o centre1 burmu.

echelon may extract from tha requiaitaon such inforru:-tj.on os is desircd for the edministrntion End supcrvision of thc b a d .

ha wnpletd, approved and fomarded t o the prmGr procurmcnt .Wncy w i t k t out delay.

e , The roqaibitions, upon a r r iv s l e t tho contra1 bureau, should

E, tnJsLc: Ths promotion of muaical bands in u n i t 8 and organizations, the

promotion o f glee clubs, mas6 singing. Technical asaltence to groups and individuals, vocal i n a t m n t a l , The amplopent a f muaic RS a thcrapcutic &gent.

31% issued each month.

each month.

(1) i n average of S,W classical and popular racordings

(2) An averap of 500 dmca band arrangemnts we issued

(3) 4,900 co)ics of milsic kits have boon isaucd to da%.

( I + ) 900 axle ca l l records hzvG bcm issued te &to. (5) 3W classicel conc6rta havc btcn given t o de.to.

9 Y * l *

* * * * * Tnu Kuic Section lies originally ptt of CTO, SSD nd vas thora

urganiacd by Ca?t. Lrthur 8. I W t , in Doccmbbr 18/42. In t h c first quarter of 1943 it, togcthsr with t ho rcst of 3, SSD, mwcd ovtr :SD, SOS. 'Phc muhia o f f i c a haa visited almost ewry part of tho UK, and in 1943 covcrcd mom thm l5,ooO mil6a, Form 20 card^ havo bum survoyed and musical Went found for bends, orcb6tres cnd glcc clubs. Song loadd classes hew bcw hold in psriow pert6 of tho UK. Gloo cluba wcrc organizaa, inc ludiq thti LW 5o-man Gloc Club. Orchestras and 3..,nds have beon 0:ganized m d instruasnts requiaitioncd and obtafnud. ,. w s i c circulating library haa bccn organiwd with ovLr 1,m Lond arrangements, 200 Gl.60 CSub arranpmcnts, boo Grchastral arrsogcnwmts, 50 Clair arran~umCnts, md 100 booka on tho subject of mudo. @JCr 600 S o t 8 of music have b m i mod in tho first yeilr.

recorded nuafo p r o g " ~ which bevo born diatributod by Base SOCtiOn SIx,ci& : e d c o s Officen..

Nuafc appreciation groups ham bccn organlzod about classical,

f. song nriting campoWticn waa sts\esd snd cO&bttRd in 190.

* ( + . E * * C P y l " TRyE ITl!fL.L?T COPIES:

R E 6 T B I C C E D

B B 8 4 E 1 C ! P E D - a _ - -_-._

1944, f o r example, the following h & u a ” a were issued:

Basa Vi018 9i+ Phono;raplY records 136,328 CLarineta 317 Saxophone8 4 9 Drum so ts 142 Tl’ornbona6 109 Piano s 129 “ p e t s 93 Pocket inatrumsnts 11,607 Vloline 126

3. Complete canvas of a l l available F r a c h and U i b h 8Wrce6 !‘:?a bcen made. Haweuer , only aaall amounts of instrorasnts wore availaula. Since ccwlng to Paris the W i c Branch, through pGr.soL14-1 cantact with many rutai l dealer0 has providad 530ial Sewiceswith:

2l :St0 saxophones 3.6 Drum sets 12 mor saxophones 78 Clarinets

3E Trmbonee 27 violins 59 humpets 31, GlZi.kU’8

2 Flutes 2 mo€s 2 Tubrs 6 B;sa drums

6,000 resde for alto Sax h,OOO reeds for Tenor Stx 1,000 reeds for Baritone sax

820 miac. drum aoceS80Id.eS 1M) eats Mter striuge15,OW danoe orchestrations

15,000 reeds f o r Cl&,netsW,000 copiea of sheet music

Special attontlon he6 been dovoted to Spacbl SerVioQS h i ~ c n i 9 9 ~ 4. W e e unite are oonsldered the most e f f i c i en t oparational agent of tho LIuslc Branch. Each C o w d n t a i n s a t l eas t on0 danco orchestra and several muaic technicians.

5. Under tls superviaion and onccurqcincnt of the Mualc Branch, many musical organizationa have flourished in this ‘heater. they ~WG the following kirrdar

..ppmldnratcly,

H i l l b i l l y bands 375 Dance ombetras 535 Non-T/O NSitary Bands 65 Choruses and glcc Clubs 35 T/O Bands (from 2&-60 men) 107

6 . It hao been thc nolicy of tho Music Branch to ancaurago as far at! possible ectiw perticipation by the aoldicr i n musicFil actIvlt;ics, k ride distribution of pockcta izod instruMnts and of t h e .a?w-Bt hav tended t o du this. containing tho song8 the soldier W M ~ R to sing (dctormined bs popular G ~ T V poll.). A t 3rcser.t apprcocfmately l8,ooO packote a m distributed through- out the theater pcr nonth. 8,000 phonograph record8 arc use3 pGr month. ‘Ria l a tho maximum produo- t lon capacity of induotry. month ooulG bo mod.

Tho iw Hit-Kit, io a packct of m i c and wo1dshsrts

Sup.~kraf,ntcng tho Hit-Kit, approdmstoly

It is Osthatcd the.t ao h k h as 7 5 , W p i r

For tho Chief of Che Uusic Branch:

/s/ Claronco L. Z X l l a / k / cL.3.acE L. KtI3.S

2d Lt, L.C a u t . I b i c Officw

L CERTIFIED TRUE COPY:

Major, M a n t r y

Appendix 5.