Mis Planning and Development BY Ankur mittal
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Transcript of Mis Planning and Development BY Ankur mittal
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MIS PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
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Information system planningISP is the planning of information systems for
an organization. Information system planning is assessing the
information needs of an organization and defining the systems, databases and technologies that best satisfy those needs.
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Planning and developmentPlanning of information systemA. Development of long range plans:It focuses efforts and resources on long-term, general
objectives and yet provides a foundation for short-term activities
Provides a framework for action. It involves thinking ahead and designing future
action
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Cont……B. content of the MIS planFirst MIS is a major corporate asset
provides benefitsuses resources- Money
The planning process provides support for business objects
the planning process allocates resources based upon priorities
in THEORY the MIS plan should be aligned with the Corporate business strategy
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Cont………C. MIS goals and objectives 1. it should provide online information on the
stock, market and the accounts balance. 2. the query processing should not exceed
more than three seconds. 3. the focus of the system will be on the end
user computing and access facilities.
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A linkage between MIS & Business Plansthe MIS plan refers to the requirements of
the business planthe MIS plan is checked against the business
planthe corporate business plan states the
informational needsnon-MIS managers participate in the MIS
planning processMIS managers participate in the business
planning processCorporate and MIS calendars are in sink with
each other.
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BUSINESS PLAN VERSUS MIS PLAN BUSINESS PLAN MIS PLAN
Business goals and objectives MIS goals, objectives consistent to business goals and objectives.
Business plan and strategy Information strategy for the business planImplementation playing a supportive role.
Strategy planning and decision Architecture of the management information system to support decision.
Management plan for execution and control.
System development schedule, matching the plan execution.
Operation plan for the execution Hardware and software plan for the procurement and the implementation.
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The architecture of the MISThe architecture of the MIS plan provides a
system structure and their input, output and linkages.
Architectural approach is used for planning, analyzing, designing, and implementing applications within an enterprise.
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The system development scheduleThis development schedule is to be weighed
against the time scale for achieving certain information requirement linked to a business plan. If these are not fully met, it is necessary to revise the time schedule and also the development schedule, whenever necessary.
For example: it is necessary to develop the accounting system first and then the analysis.
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Hardware and software planThe selection of the architecture , the
approach to the information system development and the choice of the hardware and software are the strategic decisions in the design and development of the MIS in the organization.
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Hardware/Software Alternatives• Hardware:– Use in-house hardware:• Personal computer system• Multiple-user computer system• Networked computer system– Use external hardware (outsource)• Software: – Develop custom software using in-house programmers – Have custom software developed by contract programmers (outsource software development – onshore or offshore) – Purchase packaged software – Purchase packaged software and modify – Use external software (outsources)
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development of information system A. Development and implementation of the MIS. The development strategy determines where to begin and in
what sequence the development can take place with the sole objective of assuring the information support
B. Prototype approach Building a scaled-down working version of the system Advantages: Users are involved in design Captures requirements in concrete form
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Cont……..C. Life cycle approach:The systems that can be developed in
systematic manner, and can be reviewed after a year or two, for significant modification if any...
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cont………. D. Implementation: tow stepsConversiontrainingConversion: switching old system to new
Four basic strategies Parallel conversion: old system used with new system
at first Phased conversion: break IS into modules and
integrate one at a time Cut-over conversion: immediately replace all Pilot conversion: introduce in one business unit at a
time
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Cont…….
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SYSTEM ANALYSISIt traditionally involves a detailed study of:The information needs of the organization and its end-
users.The activities, resources, and products of any present
information systems.The information system capabilities required t meet the
information needs of users.System analysis of the activities: Analysis of the organizational environment Analysis of any present system, System requirements analysis System requirements.
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SURVEY PHASEThe purpose of the survey phase is to
determine the worthiness of the project and to create a plan to complete those projects.
It includes:Survey problems, opportunities and
solutions,Negotiate project scopePlan the projectPresent the project
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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
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SDLSSystems development life cycle (SDLC)
Provides overall framework for managing systems development process
Two main approaches to SDLCPredictive approach – assumes project can be
planned out in advanceAdaptive approach – more flexible, assumes
project cannot be planned out in advanceAll projects use some variation of SDLC
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Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) The SDLC is composed of 5 major Phases
Grouping of related activities
Three major activitiesAnalysis: understanding business needsDesign: conceptualizing computer-system
solutionImplementation: construction, testing, and
installationTwo additional phases
Project planningSupport
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Iteration Across Life Cycle Phases
Work done once, then again
“Nobody gets it right the first time”
Iterations may be driven by:
Critical functionality Subsystems
Typically, most complex and risky parts of system dealt with first
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SYSTEM ANALYSTSystems Analyst Key individuals in the systemsdevelopment processSkills of a Successful Systems Analyst Analytical Understanding of organizations Problem solving skills System thinking Ability to see organizations and information systems assystems Technical Understanding of potential and limitations of technologyManagement Ability to manage projects, resources, risk and change Interpersonal Effective written and oral communication skills
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FEASIBILITY OF SYSTEMSFeasibility study begins when a problem is identified
by managers and users of MIS department. In this phase, the system analyst visits the MIS department and starts preliminary investigations
. The investigations mainly focuses on following question:
What are the major problems in the existing system? For example: management does not know the stock
position of various parts on time and the production process is considerably delayed due to out of stock positions of required parts.
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Types of FeasibilityOrganizational feasibility– Does the IS provide the required support for
business operations and/or management Technical feasibility– Is it possible to develop the IS using existing
technology? Operational feasibility– Will the IS be accepted by users?Economic feasibility– Is the IS economically justified?– Do the benefits of the IS outweigh the costs over
the expected life of the system? (typically 3 to 7 years)
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DATA FLOW DIGRAMData flow diagram (DFD): describes flow of
dataFour symbols
External entitiesProcessesData storesDirection of data flow
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DFD CONT……..
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DATA FLOW DIGRAMDFD symbols
External entities are external individuals and groups
Processes are events that change dataData store is resting dataData flow is direction that data moves
Simplicity of DFD is advantageDFD suitable for describing non-computer
based ISDFD cannot describe system completely
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SYSTEM DESIGN system analysis describe what a system
should do to meet the information needs of users, the strategy specifies how the system will accomplish the objectives.
It consists of both logical and physical design activities.
1. Logical Design Concentrates on business aspects of the system2. Physical Design Technical specificationsSystems design: three steps
DescriptionConstructionTesting
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SYSTEM DESIGN
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