MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM SUNwou.edu/~brownk/ES104/ES104.2010.1012.OuterPlanetsMinors... ·...
Transcript of MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM SUNwou.edu/~brownk/ES104/ES104.2010.1012.OuterPlanetsMinors... ·...
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OUTER PLANETS
MINOR MEMBERS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
SUN
Jupiter (Earth for Scale)
Jupiter’s bands are clouds
Hubble view of Jupiter
Arrow shows entry point of Galileo probe, Dec. 1995
http://www.solarviews.com/raw/jup/vjupitr5.mpg
• http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/hstimages.html
Link to rotating view of Jupiter
Galilean moons
• http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00743
Io
True color on topEnhanced color on bottomSurface covered with calderas (like Crater calderas (like Crater Lake…without the water!)
• http://www.nineplanets.org/io.html
Volcanic Plume on Io
Europa
• http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00746
Ganymede
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Callisto
• http://www.solarviews.com/cap/jup/callist1.htm
Four Inner moons of Jupiter
Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, ThebeAmalthea is 247 km acrossPhotos by Galileo probe, 1996-97
• http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/ganymede/PIA01076.html
Jupiter’s outermost ring
Discovered by Voyager IThis photo by Galileo space probe--November 9, 1996
• http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/callisto/p48188.html
Saturn
Voyager I, II went there in 1980, 81This photo by Cassini in 2004
• http://www.nineplanets.org/saturn.html• http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/overview/index.cfm
True-color image of Saturn’s rings
• http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/images/image-details.cfm?path=../multimedia/images/rings/images/PIA05421.jpg&type=image
Saturn
Saturn and some of its moons Titan
• http://ciclops.lpl.arizona.edu/view.php?id=575
River system on Titan
• http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Cassini-Huygens/SEMHB881Y3E_1.html
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Enceladus
• http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/captions/saturn/encelads.htm
Uranus Uranus (by Hubble)
• http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1996/15/image/a
Neptune Minor Members of Solar System
AsteroidsMeteoroidsCometsK i B l ObjKuiper Belt ObjectsDwarf Planets
“Planet”
Orbits SunNot a satelliteDominates its orbital path
“Dwarf Planet”
is in orbit around Sun has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to pull itself into near-spherical shape has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit is not a satellite
Pluto and Charon
HST image
• http://www.solarviews.com/cap/pluto/pluto3.htm
Pluto and Charon
Pluto does not dominate its orbitPluto is the first discovered Kuiper Belt Object
“Plutonian objects” of which it is the original example
Pluto’s moon is Charon
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Orbits of outer planets
Notice Pluto is sometimes closer to Sun than Neptune p
• http://www.nineplanets.org/plutodyn.html
Inclination of Planetary orbits
Notice Pluto’s large inclination to Sun’s equator• http://www.nineplanets.org/plutodyn.html
Kuiper Belt
Donut shaped area containing numerous icy bodies of various sizesEris is the largest discoveredPluto and Charon are someTriton moon of Saturn is likely one that was Triton, moon of Saturn, is likely one that was captured by Saturn’s gravityOrigin of numerous comets that orbit Sun in periods less than 200 yearsA division of Trans-Neptunian Objects
Eris
Kuiper Belt ObjectLarger than PlutoDiscovered in 2003
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)
Eris (2003 UB 313)
http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/planetlila/#size
Orbit of Orcus (2004 DW)Kuiper Belt Object
In redCompare to
Pluto in black
• http://www.gps.caltech.edu/%7Echad/2004dw/
black
Inclination of Orbit of Orcus
Pluto in red Neptune in grayOrcus in blue wikipedia, Orcus-transNeptunian object, 2008-1013
Trans-Neptunian Objects
Earth for scale wikipedia, Orcus-transNeptunian object, 2008-1013
More Info: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=KBOs&Display=OverviewLong
TNOs
Orbits of Makemake (blue), Haumea (green), contrasted with the orbit of Pluto (red) and the ecliptic (grey). The perihelia (q)[3] and the aphelia (Q) are marked with the dates of passage. The positions on April 2006 are marked with the spheres illustrating relative sizes and differences in albedo and colour.
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Dwarf planets
Large Kuiper Belt ObjectsPlutoErisM k kMakemakeHaumea
The asteroid CeresOther KBOs likely to be discovered that are also dwarf planets
Ceres composition
• http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/050907_ceres_planet.html
Asteroids
Gaspra Asteroids
Ida, Gaspra, Deimos, Phobos
• http://www.nineplanets.org/asteroids.html
Detail of Comet
Hale Bopp Meteors
• http://www.jplnet.com/img2002/meteor.jpg• http://www.dmsweb.org/
Major Impact Structures
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Meteor Crater, Arizona
• http://www.xtec.es/recursos/astronom/craters/METEOR.jpg
Manicouagan, QuebecShoemaker-Levy 9
• http://www.nineplanets.org/sl9.html
SL9 scar on Jupiter
• http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/sl9/image/sl9g_hst5.gif
Electromagnetic Spectrum Spectrum
Continuous Spectrum
From glowing gas under pressureLike the interior of Sun
Dark Line Spectrum
White light passing through cold, low pressure gasGas absorbs its elemental wavelength signature
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Bright Line Spectrum
Incandescent hot gas emits its elemental wavelength signature
3 types of spectra Sun
Photo of Sun’s granular surface Detail of Sunspot Group of Sunspots
Sunspot Variation over time Spicules of the Chromosphere Solar Corona
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Solar wind blows comet tails
http://www.astro.uva.nl/demo/sun/inter.htm
Solar Prominence
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0109/sunplume_soho_big.gif Video clip http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap030223.html
Another video clip http://spacescience.com/headlines/images/prominence/prominence_10jan00.mov
Auroras
Aurora photo from Skylab
http://www.astro.uva.nl/demo/sun/aarde.htm
Surface Detail of Sun Solar Interior
Nuclear Fusion of 4 Hydrogen to 1 HeliumDifference in atomic mass is released as energyReleased as photons—light particlesConvection brings photons to photosphereSun will last about another 5 billion years
Structure of SunSun Structure
Photosphere: most visible part— “Surface”Hydrogen and heliumGranules, sunspots
Chromosphere: lower atmosphereSpicules from granules of photosphereprominences
Corona: outer atmosphereIonized gasesSolar wind
Solar flaresCreate aurorasAssociated with sunspots
Sun now and later
This page was copied from Nick Strobel's Astronomy Notes. Go to his site at www.astronomynotes.com for the updated and corrected version
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Red Giant BetelgeuseThis page was copied from Nick Strobel's Astronomy Notes. Go to his site at www.astronomynotes.com for the updated and corrected version
Nebula—eventual Sun
http://www.astro.uva.nl/demo/sun/leven.htm
Main Sequence to Red Giant to White Dwarf
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l2/dwarfs.html
BEYOND OUR SOLAR SYSTEM
Earth Science 11th ed.Pages 660-680
Lagoon Nebula