MINOANS · MINOANS 2000-1400 BC Lived on Crete. Why do we call them Minoans? Major influence on...
Transcript of MINOANS · MINOANS 2000-1400 BC Lived on Crete. Why do we call them Minoans? Major influence on...
MINOANS
2000-1400 BC
Lived on Crete. Why do we call them Minoans?
Major influence on Greece
Knossos was capital city. Had no fortifications. What might this mean?
Linear A
Culture ends about 1200 BC. Why?
PHOENICIANS
1100 BC, Phoenicians now most powerful traders along Mediteranean
Mainly area now known as Lebanon
Made up of city states (Byblos, Tyre, Sidon)
Colonized northern Africa. What was their greatest colony?
Remarkable shipbuilders (possible voyages?)
PHOENICIANS
The alphabet (where we get the word “Phonetic) (the Phoenicians were “Hooked on Phonics” )
Who conquered most of Phoenicia?
INDO-EUROPEANS
HITTITES
Controlled Asia Minor
Fought Egyptians and Babylon
Were advanced militarily due to the use of chariots and iron
Conquered around 1190 BC
ARYANS
Took over Indus River Valley
Left no archaeological record
However, left us the “Vedas”, their sacred literature.
Developed “Caste” system
HINDUISM
Aryan religion influenced and led to Hinduism
Multiple Gods (Brahma/Vishnu/Shiva)
Extremely complex (many variations)
Reincarnation and Moksha/Nirvana
Concept of Karma
BUDDHISM
Founded by Siddhartha Gautama
Other ways to reach Nirvana 4 Noble Truths 8 Fold Path Complex with different
variations (Tibetan/Zen) Has actually found more
acceptance in the Far East than in India (theories?)
BUDDHISM
Eightfold Path
• Right view
• Right intention
• Right speech
• Right action
• Right livelihood
• Right effort
• Right mindfulness
• Right concentration
BUDDHISM
4 Noble Truths
1. Life as we know it ultimately is or leads to suffering/uneasiness
2. Suffering is caused by craving.
3. Suffering ends when craving ends
4. Reaching this liberated state is achieved by following the teachings of the Buddha.
INDUS RIVER VALLEY
Modern Day NE India
Source of Indus river=Himalayas
Surrounded on three sides by mountains (Himalayas and Hindu Kush), Southern boundary is Arabian Sea
Invasions came through the Khyber Pass
Harrapans (2500-1500 BCE)
INDUS RIVER VALLEY
Major cities: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
City grid system (4 quarters? Political, residential, economic, religious)
Underground sewage system
We don’t understand their language
What happened?