Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey
description
Transcript of Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey
![Page 1: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Alain L. KornhauserProfessor, Operations Research & Financial Engineering
Director, Program in Transportation Faculty Chair, PAVE (Princeton Autonomous Vehicle Engineering)
Princeton University
Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its
Implications for New Jersey
Committee for a Smart New Jersey
The New Jersey State Chapter of ITS America2012 Annual Symposium
December 14, 2012
![Page 2: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2005 2007
Link to Presentation Not Easy 20072005Old House
Beginning of Serious Vehicle Automation
![Page 3: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Evolvution Since the DARPA Challenges..
From the Stanford team…
Feet offHands off
Google Team: ~50 People ~ $15M/yr (chump change)
![Page 4: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
They’re Addressing the fact that…
We really don’t want to drive…
![Page 5: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Addressing the fact that…
We aren’t that good…
>90% crashes involve human error
Google’s :
DOT HS 810 767 Pre-Crash Scenario Typology for Crash Avoidance Research
More on Google: Levandowski Presentation
![Page 6: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Evolution by the Auto Makers
• Self-parking systems video (1st version Toyota ’03; US ‘06) MB Park Assist
• Lane Departure Warning Systems – Continental LWDS; Bendix AutoVue LDWS; Ford Driver Alert; Bosch Lane Departure and Lane Keeping Support ; Continental Driver Assistance Systems
• Frontal Impact Warning Systems Volvo video
• MBML350 Safety Features *; Mercedes Benz ; MB Lane Keeping Assistance; MB Active Lane Keeping Assist YouTube*• MB Attention Assist YouTube;
![Page 7: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Evolution by Specialized Road Vehicles: Snow Plows
• Minnesota: Snowplow Technology Integration for Driver Assistance http://www.cts.umn.edu/Research/ProjectDetail.html?id=1999005
• Alaska: Smart Snowplows http://www.govtech.com/e-government/Smart-Snowplows-Keep-the-Highway-to-Valdez-Alaska-Clear.html
• California: Filed-Ready GPS-Based Guidance Methods and Systems for Winter Maintenance Vehicles http://ahmct.ucdavis.edu/pdf/UCD-ARR-09-09-30-03.pdf
![Page 8: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Evolution in Transit Buses
http://www.bus2.me.umn.edu/
Objective: Efficient Utilization of Narrow Bus-Only Shoulders
Methodology: Driver Assistance via • Virtual Images,• Haptic Feedback, and • Tactile Feedback
(It Knows Enough to Steer the Bus, but doesn’t)
![Page 9: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Bus 2.0: Initial Demonstration ofTransit-based Driver Assistance
Fleet of 10 Gillig low floor busesMorning and evening express services22 mile (one-way) travel distanceReliable travel times in all weather and traffic conditions
![Page 10: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bus 2.0: Transit-based Driver AssistanceHow Do They Do It?
![Page 11: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bus 2.0: Transit-based Driver AssistanceHow Do They Do It?
It Just Works!
![Page 12: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ Port Authority Bus Terminal
– 223 Departure Gates– Readily Accommodates 700 Buses/hr
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 13: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the
Lincoln Tunnel
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 14: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln
Tunnel• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by
default, essentially bus-only
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 15: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln
Tunnel• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by default, essentially bus-only • Many Strategically Located Park&Ride Lots
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 16: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Pieces are Connected by:• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL)– 2.5 miles
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 17: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Pieces are Connected by:• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL)– Lane Segregation is by Removable Plastic Peg– Yet exceedingly Safe
» 3 (?) accidents in 41 years, no fatalities.
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 18: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Pieces are Connected by:• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL Movie)– Daily (6am->10am): 1,800 Buses; 65,000 pax– Peak Hour: 700 Buses; 35,000 pax– Peak Hour: At Capacity!
» Physical Driver Limit» Av. 5 sec. headway
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 19: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
– Additional Demand Exists for “BRT 2 NYC”– How to increase capacity of XBL?
• “Take a 2nd Lane”?– Political suicide!
• Widen the Viaduct and Helix?– Very expensive/disruptive
• How about Driver Assistance?– Extend Bus 2.0 Technology
Improving The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 20: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Go Beyond Bus 2.0:– add Intelligent Cruise Control with Lane Assist to the
2,000 buses…• e.g. Daimler Benz Distronic Plus with Traffic Jam Assist• even at $100,000/bus this is just $200M
• Could achieve sustained 3.0 second headways– Increases practical throughput by 50%
• from 700 -> 1,000 buses/hr; 35,000 -> 50,000 pax/hr
– Increased passenger capacity comparable to what would have been provided by $10B ARC rail tunnel
• Institutionally manageable:– All Express Buses are leased for 1$/yr from PANY&NJ– Facilities (XBL, LT, PABT) are controlled by PANY&NJ DoT
• Ideal test facility available: – Ft. Monmouth
Improving The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 21: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Concept Not New:
• Concept Makes Even More Sense Now!
Improving The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 22: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Thank You
![Page 23: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
2005 2007
Link to Presentation Not Easy 20072005Old House
![Page 26: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Could the Best be made even Better?Is the XBL an opportunity
• Specific: “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) URL– Currently:
• Fleet of 3,000 buses use the XBL leading to the Lincoln Tunnel & 42nd Street PA Bus Terminal.
• Unassisted practical capacity: 700 Buses/hr (5.1 sec headway)
– By adding Intelligent Cruise Control with Lane Assist to 3,000 buses…• e.g. Daimler Benz Distronic Plus with Traffic Jam Assist
– Could achieve sustained 3.0 second headways• Increases practical throughput by 50% • from 700 -> 1,000 buses/hr; 35,000 -> 50,000 pax/hr• Increased passenger capacity comparable to what would
have been provided by $10B ARC rail tunnel.
![Page 27: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln
Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL)
– 2.5 miles; 700 Buses/hr; 35,000 pax/hr; 1,800 Daily Buses; 65,000pax/(6am->10am)
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 28: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln
Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL)
– Lane Segregation is by Removable Plastic Peg
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 29: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln
Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL)• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by
default, essentially bus-only
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 30: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln
Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL)• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by default, essentially bus-only • Many Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 31: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln
Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL)
– Lane Segregation is by Removable Plastic Peg
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 32: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the
Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by
default, essentially bus-only • Many Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 33: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the
Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by
default, essentially bus-only • Many Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
![Page 34: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Extending Bus 2.0 Technology to Substantially Enhance New Jersey’s
Bus Rapid Transit System
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln
Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL
) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by
default, essentially bus-only • Many Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots
![Page 35: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Extending Bus 2.0 Technology to Substantially Enhance New Jersey’s
Bus Rapid Transit System
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• Composed of:• an efficient Boarding/Alighting Port Authority Bus
Terminal• Direct Access and Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the
Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are,
by default, essentially bus-only • Numerous Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots
![Page 36: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• Composed of:• an efficient Boarding/Alighting Port Authority Bus
Terminal• Direct Access and Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the
Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are,
by default, essentially bus-only • Numerous Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots
![Page 37: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• Composed of:• an efficient Boarding/Alighting Port Authority Bus
Terminal• Direct Access and Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the
Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are,
by default, essentially bus-only • Numerous Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots
![Page 38: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062520/568164cf550346895dd6f9c3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System
• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!
• Composed of:• an efficient Boarding/Alighting Port Authority Bus
Terminal• Direct Access and Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the
Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane
(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are,
by default, essentially bus-only • Numerous Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots