Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey

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Alain L. Kornhauser Professor, Operations Research & Financial Engineering Director, Program in Transportation Faculty Chair, PAVE (Princeton Autonomous Vehicle Engineering) Princeton University Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey Committee for a Smart New Jersey The New Jersey State Chapter of ITS America 2012 Annual Symposium December 14, 2012

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Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey. Alain L. Kornhauser Professor, Op e rations Research & Financial Engineering Director, Program in Transportation Faculty Chair, PAVE (Princeton Autonomous Vehicle Engineering) Princeton University. Committee for a Smart New Jersey - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its Implications for New Jersey

Page 1: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

Alain L. KornhauserProfessor, Operations Research & Financial Engineering

Director, Program in Transportation Faculty Chair, PAVE (Princeton Autonomous Vehicle Engineering)

Princeton University

Minneapolis' Bus 2.0 and its

Implications for New Jersey

Committee for a Smart New Jersey

The New Jersey State Chapter of ITS America2012 Annual Symposium

December 14, 2012

Page 3: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

Evolvution Since the DARPA Challenges..

From the Stanford team…

Feet offHands off

Google Team: ~50 People ~ $15M/yr (chump change)

Page 4: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

They’re Addressing the fact that…

We really don’t want to drive…

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Evolution by the Auto Makers

• Self-parking systems video (1st version Toyota ’03; US ‘06) MB Park Assist

• Lane Departure Warning Systems – Continental LWDS; Bendix AutoVue LDWS; Ford Driver Alert; Bosch Lane Departure and Lane Keeping Support ; Continental Driver Assistance Systems

• Frontal Impact Warning Systems Volvo video

• MBML350 Safety Features *; Mercedes Benz ; MB Lane Keeping Assistance; MB Active Lane Keeping Assist YouTube*• MB Attention Assist YouTube;

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Evolution by Specialized Road Vehicles: Snow Plows

• Minnesota: Snowplow Technology Integration for Driver Assistance http://www.cts.umn.edu/Research/ProjectDetail.html?id=1999005

• Alaska: Smart Snowplows http://www.govtech.com/e-government/Smart-Snowplows-Keep-the-Highway-to-Valdez-Alaska-Clear.html

• California: Filed-Ready GPS-Based Guidance Methods and Systems for Winter Maintenance Vehicles http://ahmct.ucdavis.edu/pdf/UCD-ARR-09-09-30-03.pdf

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Evolution in Transit Buses

http://www.bus2.me.umn.edu/

Objective: Efficient Utilization of Narrow Bus-Only Shoulders

Methodology: Driver Assistance via • Virtual Images,• Haptic Feedback, and • Tactile Feedback

(It Knows Enough to Steer the Bus, but doesn’t)

Page 9: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

Bus 2.0: Initial Demonstration ofTransit-based Driver Assistance

Fleet of 10 Gillig low floor busesMorning and evening express services22 mile (one-way) travel distanceReliable travel times in all weather and traffic conditions

Page 10: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

Bus 2.0: Transit-based Driver AssistanceHow Do They Do It?

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Bus 2.0: Transit-based Driver AssistanceHow Do They Do It?

It Just Works!

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• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ Port Authority Bus Terminal

– 223 Departure Gates– Readily Accommodates 700 Buses/hr

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 13: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the

Lincoln Tunnel

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 14: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln

Tunnel• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by

default, essentially bus-only

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 15: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• It Consists of:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln

Tunnel• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by default, essentially bus-only • Many Strategically Located Park&Ride Lots

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 16: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Pieces are Connected by:• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane

(XBL)– 2.5 miles

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

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• Pieces are Connected by:• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane

(XBL)– Lane Segregation is by Removable Plastic Peg– Yet exceedingly Safe

» 3 (?) accidents in 41 years, no fatalities.

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

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• Pieces are Connected by:• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane

(XBL Movie)– Daily (6am->10am): 1,800 Buses; 65,000 pax– Peak Hour: 700 Buses; 35,000 pax– Peak Hour: At Capacity!

» Physical Driver Limit» Av. 5 sec. headway

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

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– Additional Demand Exists for “BRT 2 NYC”– How to increase capacity of XBL?

• “Take a 2nd Lane”?– Political suicide!

• Widen the Viaduct and Helix?– Very expensive/disruptive

• How about Driver Assistance?– Extend Bus 2.0 Technology

Improving The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

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• Go Beyond Bus 2.0:– add Intelligent Cruise Control with Lane Assist to the

2,000 buses…• e.g. Daimler Benz Distronic Plus with Traffic Jam Assist• even at $100,000/bus this is just $200M

• Could achieve sustained 3.0 second headways– Increases practical throughput by 50%

• from 700 -> 1,000 buses/hr; 35,000 -> 50,000 pax/hr

– Increased passenger capacity comparable to what would have been provided by $10B ARC rail tunnel

• Institutionally manageable:– All Express Buses are leased for 1$/yr from PANY&NJ– Facilities (XBL, LT, PABT) are controlled by PANY&NJ DoT

• Ideal test facility available: – Ft. Monmouth

Improving The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

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• Concept Not New:

• Concept Makes Even More Sense Now!

Improving The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

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Thank You

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Could the Best be made even Better?Is the XBL an opportunity

• Specific: “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL) URL– Currently:

• Fleet of 3,000 buses use the XBL leading to the Lincoln Tunnel & 42nd Street PA Bus Terminal.

• Unassisted practical capacity: 700 Buses/hr (5.1 sec headway)

– By adding Intelligent Cruise Control with Lane Assist to 3,000 buses…• e.g. Daimler Benz Distronic Plus with Traffic Jam Assist

– Could achieve sustained 3.0 second headways• Increases practical throughput by 50% • from 700 -> 1,000 buses/hr; 35,000 -> 50,000 pax/hr• Increased passenger capacity comparable to what would

have been provided by $10B ARC rail tunnel.

Page 27: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln

Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL)

– 2.5 miles; 700 Buses/hr; 35,000 pax/hr; 1,800 Daily Buses; 65,000pax/(6am->10am)

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 28: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln

Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL)

– Lane Segregation is by Removable Plastic Peg

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 29: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln

Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL)• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by

default, essentially bus-only

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 30: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln

Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL)• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by default, essentially bus-only • Many Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 31: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln

Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL)

– Lane Segregation is by Removable Plastic Peg

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 32: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the

Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane

(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by

default, essentially bus-only • Many Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 33: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the

Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane

(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by

default, essentially bus-only • Many Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

Page 34: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

Extending Bus 2.0 Technology to Substantially Enhance New Jersey’s

Bus Rapid Transit System

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• There exists:• Efficient Boarding/Alighting @ PA Bus Terminal• Direct Access/Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the Lincoln

Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane (XBL

) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are, by

default, essentially bus-only • Many Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots

Page 35: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

Extending Bus 2.0 Technology to Substantially Enhance New Jersey’s

Bus Rapid Transit System

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• Composed of:• an efficient Boarding/Alighting Port Authority Bus

Terminal• Direct Access and Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the

Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane

(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are,

by default, essentially bus-only • Numerous Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots

Page 36: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• Composed of:• an efficient Boarding/Alighting Port Authority Bus

Terminal• Direct Access and Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the

Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane

(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are,

by default, essentially bus-only • Numerous Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots

Page 37: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• Composed of:• an efficient Boarding/Alighting Port Authority Bus

Terminal• Direct Access and Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the

Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane

(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are,

by default, essentially bus-only • Numerous Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots

Page 38: Minneapolis' Bus 2.0  and  its  Implications for  New Jersey

The World’s Best Bus Rapid Transit System

• Fact: For over 40 years New Jersey has had the World’s Best “Bus Rapid Transit” System!

• Composed of:• an efficient Boarding/Alighting Port Authority Bus

Terminal• Direct Access and Egress to Exclusive Lanes in the

Lincoln Tunnel• “495-viaduct” Counter-flow Exclusive Bus Lane

(XBL) URL• 3+ HOV Lanes on the NJ Turnpike that are,

by default, essentially bus-only • Numerous Efficiently Located Park&Ride Lots