Mining. It’s a mineral if it… Is naturally occurring Is an inorganic compound Has specific...
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Transcript of Mining. It’s a mineral if it… Is naturally occurring Is an inorganic compound Has specific...
![Page 1: Mining. It’s a mineral if it… Is naturally occurring Is an inorganic compound Has specific physical and chemical properties (melting point, density, hardness)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070414/5697c0111a28abf838ccb575/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mining
![Page 2: Mining. It’s a mineral if it… Is naturally occurring Is an inorganic compound Has specific physical and chemical properties (melting point, density, hardness)](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070414/5697c0111a28abf838ccb575/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
It’s a mineral if it…
• Is naturally occurring• Is an inorganic compound• Has specific physical and chemical
properties (melting point, density, hardness)
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Minerals are non-renewable
• Resources are mineral deposits that are presumed to exist
• Reserves are known to exist and are economically exploitable– Strategic reserves are stock piled by
government for emergency use (?)
• The most accessible deposits are already being used
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What are our options when high grade ores are depleted?
• exploit lower grade ores (costs more, more environmental impact)
• recycle, reuse• Find substitutes or do without
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Environmental Impacts
• Exploration is not totally benign• activities can fragment and destroy habitat and
cause physical changes in land, soil, water
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Subsurface mining
• more dangerous to miners, but less damaging to environment
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Surface mining
• strip mining, mountaintop removal • more profitable • less dangerous for workers…• …but more environmentally
destructive
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Acid Mine Drainage
• sulfides from deposits can contaminate surface and ground water
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Problems
• Written for "pick and shovel" miners, not modern mining techniques
• Subsidizes large mining companies, they keep all profits from mines
• Many more people live in the West now and are exposed to contamination
• When companies declare bankruptcy, taxpayers must pay for cleanup
• Mining practices can undermine environmental protection
• Make amendments!
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Social Impact
• Bust and boom economy
• Original influx of people stretches local services
• When mines close communities are abandoned
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Surface Mine Reclamation Act of 1977
• Federal law that requires reclamation of coal mines. Some states require mineral mine reclamation
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General Mining Act of 1872
• Designed to promote development and economy out West
• Opened public land to prospecting and mining.
• Land can be explored and minerals extracted for $5/acre
• Miners do not pay royalties