Mining: Growth industry’s devastating footprint: what next?
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Transcript of Mining: Growth industry’s devastating footprint: what next?
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Mining: Growth industry’s devastating footprint: what next?
Sunita NarainDirector
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BackgroundOur work:1. Rating of Indian industry: Paper; auto; cement2. Working with media: fellowship 2006
Our understanding:a. Big issue; big politics and current news – from Posco;
Mittal; to Chinab. Challenge to development: industry extracts resources;
does not even provide employment – devastates local environment; people’s lives
c. Regulatory and governance failure – why laws and institutions not able to decide in public interest
d. Huge tensions – from lynching of contractor in Goa; Kalinganagar; to all other cases
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Our work
From Green Rating of individual sectors to:a. Work with regulators – paper on state of
regulators (PCB’s) in India; training workshops;b. Work with civil society– provide technical inputs
into EIAs; training workshops;c. Work with cross-cutting issues with industry;
regulators and civil society – to push for policy changes: Book; consultation and briefing on mining
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Overview: China factor
• Since 2005
• Huge increase in demand;
• Huge increase in price -- up 48 per cent since the beginning of 2006
• Real price at 15-year high
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Impacts on us
Growth industry : between mid 1990s to 2005• Iron ore production increased has doubled in 10
years – from 60 million tonnes annually to 155 million tonnes;
• Bauxite increased from 5 million tonnes to 12 million tonnes;
• Chromite from 1 million tonnes to 3.4 million tonnes
• Coal and lignite from 266 million tonnes to 438 million tonnes
Just the beginning – clear from the gold rush in all states; clear from the players in the field
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Big business: Big fights • Steel; Aluminum; cement expected to grow at 9-10 per cent
annually in next 10 years; • Power plants – on coal – on high trajectoryFights:a. Between big players – Indian and multinational only in the
mining area and between Indian players in integrated sectors – steel makers want integrated iron ore fields etc; between export and domestic value addition;
b. Between public sector – which has existing concessions – and new players who want the mining areas;
c. Between small, unorganised miners and big multinational miners;
Left out: a. People who will be displacedb. Environment and forest
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Mines and water
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Mines and forests
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Forest clearance for mining
8,6392,031Avg. forest diversion/ year (ha.)
95,00360,42734,527Forests diverted (ha.)
8012619Avg. leases granted/ year
1198881317Mine leases granted in forest areas
Total
(1980-2005)
1997-2005
1980-1997
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Understanding regulations
• 1. Environmental clearances: on what basis? • 2. Public hearing: are people heard?• 3. Forest clearance or forest compensation?• 4. Environment management plan: who
oversees? Who plans? What are the institutions for this?
• 5. Mine restoration? • 6. Watersheds? Is this anyone’s concern
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Mines and water
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Mines and forests
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Forest clearance for mining
8,6392,031Avg. forest diversion/ year (ha.)
95,00360,42734,527Forests diverted (ha.)
8012619Avg. leases granted/ year
1198881317Mine leases granted in forest areas
Total
(1980-2005)
1997-2005
1980-1997
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Understanding regulations
• 1. Environmental clearances: on what basis? • 2. Public hearing: are people heard?• 3. Forest clearance or forest compensation?• 4. Environment management plan: who
oversees? Who plans? What are the institutions for this?
• 5. Mine restoration? • 6. Watersheds? Is this anyone’s concern