mini'app'lesapple! computer user group newsletter

VOLUME IV NC) 10 OCTOBER 1981

CALENDAR

WHICH WHEN

CALENDAR

WHERE

CALENDAR

WHAT

NORK- Sat Oct 3SHOP 11.00",m toNote 2 4100pm

Pascal Wed Oct 7Note 1 7130pm

Genealogy Sat Oct 10

Fort Snelling Mon Oct 12Note 2

Board Meeting Wed Oct 147100pm

REGULRR WEDNESDAYMINI'APP'LES OCT 21stNote 3 7130pm

Nokomis Community CtrMinnehahaha Parkway

Minnemot~ Federal9th Ave S Hopkins

Minn. Historical Soc

Nokomis Community CtrMinnehaha Parkway

S.K.Johnson'm Home6053 Wentworth

WILDERSCHOOLAuditorium3320 Elliot Ave SMinneapolisSee lIap inside

A good opportunity to gethelp from the experts.Bring your Apple!

Regular Pascal SpecialInterest Group Meeting.

Genealogy Conference.

Programming SpecialInterest Group Meeting

Double Header.Charles Hirth of CDCon Disks andSu-Sl?en Bare ofCamp CourageDetails below--

Music DeliO Thu Oct 22 Note 5 Thoae peraona s.riouslycontemplating purchase ofMusic Systems maycompare different units.

OCT 21~t MEETING

Fort Snelling Mon Oct 26Note 2

Pascal Wed Nov 4Note 1 7.30pm

Nibble Wed Nov 11"Subscribers" 7.30pmNote 4

REGULRR WEDNESDAYMINI'APP'LES NOV 18thNote 3 7130pm

Nokomis Community CtrMinnehaha Parkway

Minnesota Federal9th Ave S Hopkins

Home of Ron Androff1725 Crest Ridge LaneEagan

UNIVERSITVMINNESOTAST. PAULCAMPUSNear St~te FairRoom B45 Bldg 412Map in next issue

Programming SpecialInterest Group Meeting

Regular Pascal SpecialInterest Group Meeting.

StatuB and Discussion

Mike Birnbau1l<Parade of Homea>

Home Control Techniques

~harles Wirth is National Sales Managerfor CDC Disk Products. He will make ashort presentation about Floppy Disks.This will be followed by Su-Shen B~re ofCamp Courage who has a very interesting$lide show on how the Handicappedinterface with a computer.

Note 1. Contact- Keith Madonna2. Dave Nordvall3. Chuck Thiesfeld4. John Schoeppner5. Chuck Boody

PAGI::· 1 =

MINI' APP' L.E!:i OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

"'INI~~PP~LES

President Stephen K.Johnson6053 Wentwo~th AveMinneapolis,Minnesota, 55419

869-3447S.

This is the Newsletter ofMini'app'les, the Apple IIUsers' group of the Twin Citiesof Minneapolis and St. Paul.

Past PresidentaTJd

NewsletterEditor

Vice President

Daniel B.Buchler­13516 Grand AvenueBurnsville,Minnesota, 55337

Chuck Thiesfeld8416 Xerxes,Bloomington,Minnesota, 55431

890-5051S.

831-0009830-5020

Please direct questions toapp~oprlate board member or anyofficer. Technical questionsshould be di~ected to one of theTechnical Advisers listed here.

ME!'fTlOE!'r-s-hip

Marilyn Thomas2735 Irving,Minneapolis,Minnesota, 55408

Treasurer

Secretary

MEMBERS

Ron Androff1725 CrestEagan,Minnesota,

OF THE

872-7669

452-5230Ridge Lane,

55122

BOARD

Applications for membershipshould be directed to theMembership Co-ordinator.

Dues are $10/year thru July;$5/year in July/Aug/Sept. Bft~~

Q~t 12t, $10 buys membership forcurrent and next year. Membersreceive a subscription to thisnewsletter and all clubbenefits.

Ann Bell 544-45058325 39th Avenue N.New Hope,Minnesota, 55427

NE!'"",s-1E!'ttE!'r­CC>r1 t r- i 0 L" t i C>r1 s-

Please send contributions to theNewsletter Editor. Hard copybinary or text files (ASCIIcoded) are prefe~ed, but anyfo~m will be gratefullyaccepted. Deadline forpublication is the 3rd Wednesdayof the month preceding the monthin which the item might beincluded. An article will beprinted when space permits if,in the opinion of the NewsletterEditor, it constitutes suitablematerial for publication.

DOMs (Diskettes of the Month)are available at meetings for$4/disk or by mail for $6/disk.Contact Software Sales coord'r.

DOMs-

489-8321636-4865

544-7303Dr

Dave LadenJim White

Hugh Kurtzman11622 Live OakMinnetonka,Mn., 55343

Dan Buchler 890-5051Chuck Boody 933-5290Terry Pinotti 786-7118Dave Nordvall 724-9174Ken Slingsby 507/263-3715Al Peterman 721-3295Peter Gilles 475-3916A.Michael Young 884-2841Chase Allen 432-6245Keith Madonna 474-3876Bill Decoursey 574-9062John Schoeppner 455-8613Rick Gates 735-0373

Technical Advisers

Newsletter EditorBibliographerLibrarianMECC LibrarianProgram EditorHardware SalesDisk SalesPublicity Co' torEducation Co'torSpcl Interest - PascalSpcl Int. GeneologySpcl Int. - NibbleSpcl Int. - Z80/CPM ~

Meeting Hdw Support

MembershipCo-ordinator

Software Distr. - Mailand Software Sales

Assistant Prog Editors:Tom EdwardsRick Gates

Ci~culation 750 (approx)

Assistant Librarians: Bill Decoursey see above

927-6790see above

Rates are asFull PageHalf Page

follows:$30/issue$20/issue

PAGE 2

MINI'APP'LE8

APPLE + 68000

OCTOBER-1981 NEWSLETTER

DTACK GROUNDEDby Dan "Buchler

DTACK GROUNDED** is the name of aforthcoming product of Digital AcousticsInc., Santa Ana, California. Through anexcellent and very entertainingnewsletter (we have received twoeditions so far), they are keeping theworld advised of their plan to market a'68000' add-on .... board .... for the PET andthe Appl elI.

For the uninitiated, the 68000 isMotorola's 16 bit microprocessor to endall other microprocessors. It isprobably the most powerful device on themarket and sells for over $200 perchip.

DTACK GROUNDED's philosophy is that ifyou are going to add on to the Apple IIin order to give it extended capability,why not go with the best! In theirnewsletter they take great pains to tellyou that the cheapest 68000 system youcan buy costs $10000, and that evenApple have been rumoured to have anApple III like system, using a 68000,under consideration. They also tell youthe 6809, which is currently used on oneApple add-on board, isn't that muchsuperior to the 6502, the chip that isin your Apple II.

So what will this add-on board do foryou and me. Well, without any special'application' software, in the initialrelease it will increase throughput by afactor of 14, assuming you use BASIC anda fair number of floating pointoperations. You may also acheive thissame speed-up with the new compilers,for they use the same floating pointroutines as does the regular Basicinterpreter. In other words, yourthroughput with compiled Basic might be100 times faster with the 68000 comparedto regular Basic and no 68000. Thisfir"st release will cover the floatingpoint package, trancendental functions(SIN, ATN, etc). A second release willtransfer the evaluation of expressionsover to the 68000, thus futherincreasing throughput. This secondrelease will also include a 61 bit (14decimal digit) option. Your currentBasic only has 9 digit precision. The14 digit version will be between 3 to 6times faster than the 9 digit currentApplesoft. With respect to Applesoft,this second release will effectively doall the work in the 68000, leaving the6502 as an 1/0 processor~

The problem with all of the above isthat you have to use the BASIC floatingpoint routines, which are stored in ROMin order to invoke the 68000. More onhow that's done later. To really makeuse of the 68000, you have to haveapplication software that actaully makesdirect use of it. DTACK GROUNDED arebanking that some software companieswill actually release software in thefuture designed specifically for theirhardware. Can you imagine a Sub LogicFlight Simulator that refreshs a 3Dpicture with 10 times more detail thanat present at 30 or more frames persecond?

More about the hardware: To make use offloating point, etc., DTACK GROUNDEDplan to release listings of changes toyour on board APPLESOFT ROM firmware.Because of copyright considerations,they feel that they cannot actually sella modified Applesoft. Instead, theytell us (user group hardware hackers,etc) how to 'burn' a 6532 EPROM bycopying your own ROM into the 6532together with their changes which invokethe 68000.

The DTACK GROUNDED 68000 system willconsist of the following:

A 6.5 by 15 inch printed circuit board(with or without a 68000). The boardmounts OUTSIDE of the Apple.A 5 volt power supply with its ownpower cord.A parallel interface board for hookingthe above board to the Apple bus.A shielded case for the PC board.(Not avaialble with the firstrelease> •Written instructions on modifying theApplesoft ROM (as described above).A 'crude' cross assembler which willallow 68000 code to be assembled onthe Apple.

The 68000 PC board has space for 92K of68000 16 bit memory. However, you needonly buy 2K in ord~r to get the thing towork.

Continued on pa;& 4

** The name DTACK GROUNDED comes fromthe grounding of the DaTaACKnowledge signal line on the68000 bus. This technique convertsthe system bus from an asynchronousto synchronous, simplifying thesupporting logic. Unfortunately, italso eliminates some errorprocessing capability.

PAGE 3 1II__r

_

MINI'APP'LES OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

By John L. Hansen

Audio King (Southdale) has expanded thebookshelf and carry some of the newerbooks (they had "Beneath Apple DOS" be­fore any other store), including fourbooks on Apple and UCSD Pascal.

My primary source of ccmputer books hasbeen B. Dalton at Southdale. B. Daltonhas four standard shelf units of com­puter books, many more than any computerstore, and they add new books much morerapidly than any other source. Theyhave had virtually every book I've foundon the Apple before any of the computerstores.

One of my problems in life has been thefact that when I become interested in asubject, I start hunting for all thebooks I can find that will help me learnabout the subject. Obviously then, whenI got involved with the Apple, I startedhunting for computer books. If ycu havethe same problem I do, this shortarticle summarizes my book-huntingexperiences.

6

Of course, computer stores are primarilyinterested in selling hardware and soft­ware, not books. However, if they aregoing to sell books, some efforts shouldbe made to keep the stock up to date.This is more difficult for them than forB. Dalton since none of them have bookbuyers who keep up on the book mar­ket. However, as you can see from mycomments above, some do a much betterjob than others. If your favoritecomputer store does not have recentApple books, your comments andsuggestions might persuade them that atlittle updating could result in somesales.

The Xerox Store in Edina has added a newbook shelf, including a good selectionof Apple books. I found "Apple Pascal"and "Pascal Primer" there before anyother stores, including B. Dalton.

Zim Computers has a good magazineselection (only place I've been able tofind "The Apple Shoppe") and a good bookselection. They had the Lewis Pascalbook and "Apple Machine Language" by theInmans before any other computer store.

COMPUTERSOURCES

LOCALBOOK

Apple + 68000 • Contim.led from page 3

The first release is aimed at theexperimenter. However, the secondrelease with the high precisionarithmetic is aimed at business.

I, for one, will follow this developmentwith alot of interest. It might just bethe one thing that prevents one wakingup one day and finding that one owns apiece of museum computer equipment. Wewill keep Mini'app'les members informedof all of DTACK GROUNDED's developmentand news.

Computerland (Bloomington) recently hashad several new books, including severalon Pascal, but some of the older bookshave been on the shelves for more than ayear (one small shelf seems to be apermanent exhibit of several copies ofthree books). Computer I and stores dohave the best selection of computermagazines.

Dayton's Computer Center had a largemagazine selection (many of them backissues) the last time I was there. Manyof the magazines and a lot of the booksare leftovers from the Computer Depotwhen they did not have Apples.

Digital Den stores have the same bookproblem as Computerland -- too few newones (though a little better than Com­puterland) and too much deadstock.Titles that haven't moved in a yearshould be tossed. The magazine selec­tion is minimal (Creative Computing,Interface Age, Compute).

Personal Business Systems has expandedboth book and magazine shelves signifi­cantly. I found SYBEX's "Pascal Pro­grams for Scientists and Engineers" andthe new "Apple Monitors Peeled" there,the latter several weeks before I saw itanywhere else.

The PET version isproduction this month$725 (including thememory). The Appleavailable shortly andtiny bit more.

6

supposed to be inand will sell for

68000 and 2k ofversion will be

will likely cost a

PAGE 4 bE

MINI'APP'LES OCTOBER 981 NEWSLETTER

P'ASCAL BOOKS-for

APPLE PASCAL USERSBy John L. Hansen

As you have already undoubtedlydiscovered, the Pascal books includedwith the Language Card are not Pascaltutorials. My initial searches forinformation on how' to program ApplePascal were not too successful. Whilethere were,many good books available onstandard Pascal, none of... them deai t wi ththe UCSD or Apple versions. In recentmonths, however, a number of booksuseful to Apple Pascal users haveappeared. I have not researched themall thoroughly, but offer the. followinglist and comments for those who areinterested, but have not had a chance tohunt them up.

PASCAL PROGRAMMINGFOR ,THE APPLE

T. G. LewisReston Publishing Co.panyPrentice-Hall, 1981($12.95)

Lewis assumes some kn~ledge of theApple and programming. The book iswritten to help you "upgrade yourcomputer expertise to include Pascal".Financial applications, text processing,sound, and graphics are all used asexamples. The use of various Pascalfeatures are clearly explained. John.Schoeppner, 'who has' gotten further inthe book than I have", called to tel'l lIIethat some of the examples have beenprinted on the wrong pages in the copyhe has. SOURCE: B. Dalton, but haveseen it at Audio King, COlllputerland,Digital Den, Personal Business Systems,and lim Computer.

APPLE PASCALA Hands-On Approach

Rrthur Luehr.ann & Herbert Peckha.HcGraw-Hill Book Co.pany, 1981($13.95)

In this tutorial guide to Apple Pascal,the authors assume the user is anabsolute beginner, not only with Pascal,but also with the Apple. This can besomewhat frustrating when you're as"experienced" as I ,am, but does letanyone start learning. The bookcontains 14 sessions and 30-40 hours ofhands-on activities designed to give youa solid working knowledge of thevocabulary, grammar rules, and meaningsthat make up Pascal. 'It is one ,of thefew books I've found that contains indexlistings of semicolon usage and it alsocovers use of long integers. Sampleprograms are given and then expanded andchanged with good explanations of theeffects of and reasons for the changes.The book is written for use with onedisk drive and Apple Pascal Version 1.1,but everything learned carries over to atwo-drive system and instructions aregiven for use with Version 1.0. Soals,summaries, and quizzes with answers areincluded with each chapter. For thebeginner, I think this is the best bookin the list. SOURCE: The Xerox Store(Edina), though I have seen it since atAudio King (Southdale).

PA,SCAL PRIMER

David Fox and Howard NaiteHoward N. Sa.s & Co., 1981($;16.95)

This book is written for any version. ofUCSD Pascal, but includes'special not.sfor,Apple owners. The programs wereprepa....ed on an Apple IIcomputer~ Thebook present Pascal as an ideal ·firstlanguage for programmers'. The examplesare interesting and useful, includinglong loan and game programs, and a largenumber of cartoons add some fun to thelearning process. A 34-page chapter onstrings and long integers and a shortsection on interfacing assembly languagewith Pascal is inc,luded. A QuickReference Card for UCSD Pascal isincluded. SOURCE: B. Dalton, but haveseen it at The Xerox ~tore.

BEGINNER~S GUIDE FORTHE UCSD PASCAl.,.­SYSTEM

Kenneth L. BowlesBYTEIHcGraw-Hill, 1980($11.95)

This book does not' contain informationon programming, but does a very good jobof explaining the UCSD Pascal operatingsystem (as it should since Bowles is thedeveloper). Continued on Page 6

PAGE 5

MINI'APP'LES

P~sc~1 Books Conti nued from page 5

INTRODUCTION TOPASCAL INCLUDINGUCSD PASCAL

Rodney ZaksSYBEX, Inc" 1980($14.95)

Zak's book is well-written, withexcellent use of syntax diagrams andflowcharts. The examples are given instandard Pascal, but each chapterincludes a discussion of applicablefeatures of UCSD Pascal. A chaptercovering the more complex aspects ofUCSD Pascal is also included. Longintegers are not covered. Exercises andanswers are included. SOURCE: SVBEXbefore any local stores got it, but havesince seen it at all of the computerstores mentioned above.

THE PASCAL HANDBOOK

Jacques TiberghienSYBEX, Inc" 1981($15.95)

A reference manual resembling DavidLien's "The BASIC Handbook" anencyclopedia of Pascal. Entries coverreserved words, operators, delimiters,types, functions, procedures, constants,and concepts. Versions of Pascalincluded are Standard, HP 1000, J&W/CDC,OMSI, PASCAL/Z, and UCSD. SOURCE:Computer1and, hut have seen it at theother stores mentioned above.

OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

NOTE: "Apple" and "Apple Pascal" aretrademarks of Apple Computer Inc. "UCSDPascal" is a trademark of the Regents ofthe University of California.

G

EX'Pediter][ Continued from page 11

Overall, I have found the EXPEDITER ][to exceed my expectations, and wouldcertainly recommend it to anyone who hasproblems with their Applesoft programsrunning too slowly.(Editor's note: The September issue ofSoftalk contains a detailed review of 4Rpplesoft compilers:- Microsoft's TRSC- Hayden's Compiler- SDS's Speeds tar- On-Line's Expediter J[ )

G

CLASSIFIED

For SaleI/O Devices Model 210 Impact Printer.Free Standing unit with keyboard.Tractor and platen feed. Supports upperand lower case; comes with complete setof spare electronics, cables and printhead. RS232 Interface 300 baud.Standard ASCii. Works but could do withsome minor adjustments.Also - Multitech FM-30 300 baud modem.

$1925 John Tuchner 770-1524 (before 2pm)

Apple II Plus, 48k, 1 Disk Drive (3.3),BMC Green Phosphor Monitor, Variousaccessories.

Dean Wyman; J.D., CPA,ATTORNEY AT LAW

800 Washington Avenue S.E., Suite 103,331-1884 227-6067

COMPUTER & SOFTWARECORPORATE & TAX PLANNING

PROGRAMMING FORPOETSA GENTLE INTRODUCTION USING PASCAL

Richard Con~ay, JaDes Rrcher, andRalph Con~ay

Ninthrop Publishers, Inc" 1980($11.95)

"This is a book about programming, forreaders who don't expect to do muchprogramming themselves, but who wouldstill like to understand what it is allabout." Text-editing programs, aconcordance, a statistical system, and avariety of other programs are included.The authors use the string-processingfeature of UCSD Pascal because those ofstandard Pascal are much lessconvenient. SOURCE: B. Dalton, buthave seen it at the other stores since.

Modem and printer togetherPrinter only

Jim Ninsor

$200$100

831-8149

PAGE 6 r

MINI~APPPLES OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER 1

8 DIVISION STREET HOLTSVILLE, NEW YORK 1114'PHONE: 516- 698-8636

$ 90.00$396.00

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$ 68.00

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$183.00$125.00$ 49.00$156.00$225.00$2(,0.00

.. b'~Lljrder by !-;'Ol:- -1, Can 516-08-06y._

$25.75$24.00$24.00$27.00$29.50$23.50

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$12.95$11.25$ 5.25

$ I ,250.00$ 560.00$ 475.00$ 410.00$ 150.00$ 189.00$ 150.00$ 180.00$ 29.00$ 50.00$ 60.00

To make payment: We gladly accept your personalcheck, bank draft, money order, VISA or Master Charge

A.P ~PUTER PRODUCTS l:}.

SUPER DISCOUNT PRICES!APPLE ACCESSORIES:

Graphtrax (Epson)Epson MX70Epson MX80 Complete with

Apple Interface & CableEpson MX80FT Complete withApple Interface & Cable

. Tymac Parallel Interface forEpson MX80

Hi-Res Software for MX80(must use Tymac Interface)

Paper Tiger IDS 445GOkidata Microl ine 80Okidata Microline 82Okidata Microline 83Okidata HiRes AdaptorSanyo BIW 12 11 green screenNEC 12 11 green screen

. Zen i th Co lor 13"Ha~es MJcromodem I IMicrosoft 16K Ram CardMicrosoft z-80 CardM&R Super Term BoardVidex Video Term BoardAndromeda 16K Memory CardLobo Mini-Floppy Drive(Apple)L&M 3.2/3.3 Dos SwitchNovation Apple-CatFriction Feeder Kit for

Epson MX80MOUNTAIN COMPUTERS:

CPS BoardRomplus (No Roms)Keyboard Filter RomRomwr iterApple ClockSupertalker SD200

"Not The Biggest ........ Just The Best!!

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VERBATIM DATALIFE withFREE plastic library case

BASFMEMOREXSCOTCH: 744-0 L?~MAXELL: MOlSYNCOM w/plas. 1ib. caseACCESSORIES:

5t." MINI FLOPPY DISKETTES:

SCOTCH Head Cleaning KitMini-Floppy Tray & Cover with

Index Set(Holds 120 diskettes)F1i pin Fi 1e Tray

(Holds 50 diskettes)Plastic Library Case - MiniDust Covers:Apple I I and Apple 11+Epson MX80

Fi Ii ng Pane 1s :With document pocket:

4 pocket (10 to a set)2 pocket (10 to a set)2 pocket (w/o doc.)

APPLE PRODUCTS:

Apple II Plus (48K)Dis k I I with con t ro lIe rDisk I I wlo controllerLanguage System (Pascal)Apple Parallel InterfaceCommunication InterfaceHi-Speed Serial InterfaceCentronics InterfaceApple PaddlesDos 3.3 Upgrade KitDos Tool Ki t

TERMS: A.P. COMPUTER PRODUCTS accepts VISA, HASTERCARO,

personal checks & money orderc;. '.Ie '<'Ii 11 pay shippingon all prepaid orders o ....er ')\('0. AJ I orders under $100.please add $2.00 shipping E. handling. C.O.D. ordersunder S100. add 53.00 shipping f. handling. C.O.D.

orders over 5100. require lSi deposit. balance C.O.D.

PAGE '7

MINI'APP'LES OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

PROG_EXAM

(Editor's note: Chuck Thiesfeld isworking on another version which will

This program will list your Applesoftprogram giving the RAM address of eachof the program lines.This would facilitate modifying the

program to contain illegal statements,(or to hide machine language perhaps?)To use, RUN the program. This willcreate a text image of itself. LOADyour Applsoft program; EXEC EXAMINE andRUN 63982. Your program must notcontain line numbers greater than63982. Typed in by Ron Androff.

If you have the Epson MX-80 printerwith the Graftrax 80 option, thisprogram will dump a hires screen topaper. To use it, POKE 9,x; BRUNGRAPHIC DUMP; where x=75 ($4B) for 4.7inch wide picture, or x=76 ($4C) for 2.3inch wide picture. The program aswritten will work with most eight-bitparallel interfaces for the Epson:1. The Epson board with the Thiesfeld

modification (reference Mini'App'Lesnewsletter April 1981);

2. The Epson board using the game portfor the eighth bit (referenceMini'App'Les newsletter May 1981);

3. The Tymac board and most otherparallel boards which pass thruoghthe high order bit. Written by CaryMariash with modifications by DanBuchler.

APPLESOFT LINE WRITER

This is a program debugging toolused to detect errors that happenwhile the program is running. Itwill list the line number where theerror occured and the reason for theerror. By Rob Stewart of the NIAUG.From the lAC #7.

INSULTS

These three files set up a GeneralLedger for a small business allowingupdating, calculation, and printingof the data. The PRINT routine iscalled by the main routine. By FredAmundesen of the NIAUG. From the lAC#7.

GENERAL LEDGERG./L DATA

A programming aid which writeslines into a program for commonlyused set up routines such as DOSstrings. Running this program willset up a text file which you EXECinto your target program. Theliberal comments in the programfurther explain its operation. ByJim Pfeiffer of the NIAUG. From lAC#7.

This program is a spin off fromthe HAIKU poetry. Insults hurls someof the most gruesome jabs under thesun. Please do not use this programto describe my descriptions of yourDOM contribution! By BruceChristopher of the NIAUG. From lAC#7.

ERROR HANDLER

These programs include anothermethod of creating shape tables (seeour DOM #6). The two onelinerprograms demonstrate a fancy picturedrawing algorithm. The Snoopyprogram is very cute - it can drawSnoopy upside down or sideways. ByPaul Stadfeld of the NorthernIllinois Apple Users Group (NIAUG).From the lAC #7.

SKVWRITERSI-<VWR I TER (INSTRUCTIONS)SKVWR ITER <ONELINER S)SI-<VWR I TER (SNOOPY)

use only 7 wires and thus will workwith an un.odified Epson board anyany other parallel interface board.He is also adding so.e additionalpicture sizing options.>

(EPSON)

#7Ken 51 ing.,by

DOMby

GRAPHIC DUMP

The Disk of the Month for Octobercontains all the programs from lAC #7, afew programs from other user groupnewsletters, and some locally writtenprograms.

NOTE: DOM #7, as usual, contains ahello program, "MINI'APP'LES", which isin Integer Basic. If you have an APPLE11+ and do not have the Integer Board,you can still use the DOM if you type"RUN CATALOG MANAGEMENT" after you getthe "LANGUAGE NOT AVAILABLE" messageupon booting. Of course it is notnecessary to boot the DOM if you haveDOS 3.2 loaded. This hopefully clears upa continuing misunderstanding. Ofcourse, if you have the APPLE 11+ and donot have the Integer Board, you may beable to run the Integer Basic programsusing a RAM resident IntegerInterperter.

nm PAGE 8 11&11111_.1111I11I11111111I 11I

MINI'APP'LES OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

GAME NAME

MAKE LINE CAPTURE

This program will create an EXECfile of part of your program. Thiscould be used with the COMPAREprogram which was in a recent DOM. ByDavid Nordvall.

Some time ago there was a programon the DOM which produced pie chartsannotated with the APPLE's HGRPRINT. (Originally distributed byApple as part of one of their'Contributed Software Volumes'). HGRPRINT was written to be used on 32Kor 48K systems therefore quite a bitof 'space is' wasted on the (now) usual48K machines. Wayne has moved theroutine and provided a means toeasily copy it from disk to disk. ByWayne Saylo.

PRINT 4BKPR I NT 4BK INSTRUCTIONS

HGR PRINT 4BK

HGRHGRCOPY

This program allows the dumping ofVisicalc files. By David Sherman ofthe NIAUG. From the lAC #7.

LORES GRAPH I CS EXAMPLESH I RES GRAPH I CS EXAMPLESHIRES GRAPHIC DEMOIMPROVED H :r RES CURSOR PROG

TIMER ROUTINE

Here is a routine you can add toyour program to time the intervalrequired to respond to your prompt.The timing appears to be very closeto actual time as the routine iswritten. Typed by Ron Androff.

These programs will give someinsight into the APPLE II graphicscapabilities perhaps enough to giveyou the 'kick' to add graphics to theprogram you are working on for thenext DOM.

DPRING

SNOOPY FOOTBALL POSTER

DOM HEADER

DOCUMENT INTEGER PROGRAMSSYMBOL TABLE XREFLINE '"' XREF

These programs will aid in thegood documentation of your IntegerBasic programs to help inunderstanding in the future. To use,LOAD you Integer program, EXECDOCUMENT INTEGER PROGRAMS. If youwant printed output initialize theprinter before the EXEC. Submittedby Ken Slingsby

** * **

G

NOTICE *

This routine can be added to yourgame program to keep track of thehighest score for each run of thegame. The interesting feature ofthis routine is that it is selfmodifing and saves the modified imageto disk. David has promissed more tofollow in this newsletter. By DavidNorvall.

This will be the last DOM to beissued using DOS 3.2, UNLESS there isstrong oposition to switching. At arecent meeting we conducted aninformal poll and found less than 12out of about 200 members present thathad DOS 3.2 only. For the first timesince we started the DOM, there is asurplus of programs available.Therefore the extra storage on the3.3 disks should not make for lessthan full DOMs if you continuesupporting the DOM. I am in theprocess of swithcing to 3.3 and amfinding it a good time to clean upthe catalogs of unused clutter. Thecomments I have recieved lately seemto support DOS 3.3 as the way to go.

(Editorls Hote: DONIs Nill beavailable for sale at the next.eeting for $4 a piece. Or l you .ayorder by .ail fro. Hugh Kurtz.an lNhose address is on page 2 1 for $6 apiece.>

thisyouri tL

Just in time for the season,poster will grace the walls ofroom (or wherever you putSubmitted by Ken Slingsby.

Someone asked me how the DOMheaders are created. This programmakes about half the work easy. Itcreates seven text files whose filenames make up the header. Theremaining work, (for me as I have notautomated it yet) consists of using adisk utility to remove the track andsector list and file storage for eachfile. Without this step 14 sectorsare made useless with unnessary (inthis case) data. This program isbased on a very good article inCALL-APPLE July/August 1981 byClifton Howard, M.D. By Ken Slingsby(for what it's worth).

7 PAGE 9

MINI'APP'LES OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

BULK ORDER FORM I1tCROMtNT SPEECH SYNTHESIZERS

MICRO MOUTH

Waveform Digital SynthesisIC by National Semi-conductor144 phrase vocabulary (as released)No special drivers requiredReplacement rom allows for user selection ofexpression

SWEET TALKER

Phoeneme Synthesizer64 phonemes

Unlimited vocabularyApple slot or Parallel port

----------------------------------------------------------------

To order send check to

Charles J. Mages9140 35th Ave NorthNew Hope, MN 55427Phone 545-1859 (H)

We need 5 orders for the discount pri ce

Order Form

Mi ero-mouth f.ist Mini'app'les price Quantity Total

Apple (kit) $120Apple (assembled) $150

Sweet Talker

$105$130

SC-Ol ChipParallel Port(requires powerApple Slot

$70$139

supply)$149

$55$120

$130

TOTAL

Narne _AddressCi ty__====== Phone

PAGE 1()

$--

MINI'APP'LES

EXPEDITER ][

OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

APPLESOFT COMPILERMINIREVIEW

by Cary Mariash

globalseveral

loss of

Those of you who write programs inApplesoft have most likely experiencedan occasional program which takesforever to run. There is nothing morefrustrating than staring at a monitorwhich does not change, especially sincethe computer was purchased because itperformed operations extremely rapidly.There is hope for the frustratedprogrammer, the Applesoft compiler.

Before I review the EXPEDITER ][, I mustdigress with a few backgroundexplanations and comments. Applesoft isa Basic language which is executed inthe Apple ][ by a technique calledinterpretation. That is, after you type"RUN", the first line is obtained byanother program, called an"interpreter", which translates thestatement written in Basic, to a seriesof machine codes on which the processorcan then operate. This process proceedsone line at a time while the program isrunning--

the next line number to beexecuted is found, thestatement at this line numberis interpreted, and then theinterpreted code is executed.

The Applesoft compilers perform theinterpretation of the entire program atonce, andperlllit you to save the programin its interpreted form, or to run theprogram in its interpreted form.

The advantage of the compiler is,therefore, obvious. It saves the timeduring program execution usually spentin interpreting the Applesoft program.Anyone with experience in writing inassembly language, i.e. machinelanguage, knows that an equivalentprocedure will execute in about onetenth the time it takes for thatprocedure to execute in Applesoft.

The EXPEDITER ][ is an Applesoftcompiler distributed by On-Line Systems.It's operation is quite simple. Onesimply loads the Applesoft program intomemory, places the EXPEDITER ][ diskettein a drive, and "BRUN EXPEDITER". Theprogram is then compiled at a rate ofabout 30 lines per minute. After theprogram is compiled, the user can savethe program on any diskette in the usualmanner, i.e. "SAVE MYPROGRAM". Theprogram is executed by a simple runstatement. If you try to list theprogram, all you see is the single1 ine:

1 CALL 4352

The compiled program begins at 4352($1100 hex). I have used the compileron a program which took 10 to 15 minutesto run in Applesoft, but only about 1 to2 minutes to run after it was compiled.

This compiler supports virtually allApplesoft commands, including graphiccommands. It uses many of the routinesin the Basic ROM chips, and thereforerequires Applesoft to be resident inROM. There are several peculiarities ofthis compiler of which one must be awareor else severe problems may occur. Thecompiler allocates specific locations inmemory for all variables, includingstring variables. Therefore, enoughspace must be reserved for each stringvariable used at the time the program iscompiled. The compiler does this byassUming that no string will be longerthan 40 characters. If you anticipatethat a string will be longer than 40characters, you must declare the maximumlength of the string at the time theprogram is compiled. Otherwise,disasterous results will occur at thetime you run the program. The advantageof reserving specific space in memorylor each string is that there is no needfor the FRE(O) command, since there isno collection of previously usedstrings.

A few other interesting features of thiscompiler <are:1) the ability to protect any number of

different areas in memory for Hi-Resgraphics, machine language programs,etc;

2) the ability to declarevariables and thus linkApplesoft programs withoutthe variables;

3) the ability to enable or disable thetrace command for debugging;

4) saving programs as modules to becalled separately during programexecution.

The major disadvantage of the compileris that the size of the program. Thisshould rarely be a problem. I have alsofound that a simple FOR-NEXT loop is notsubstantially sped up when compiled.

Therefore, if FOR-NEXT loops are themajor reason your program runs slowly,then you should not expect muchimprovement after using this compiler.

Continued on Page 6

PAGE 11

MINI'APP,LESII 1I.0CIOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

NEWS

By Daniel B Buchler

1. Deliveries of the MX-80s havecommenced again. There was a periodof several weeks when you could'ntget any.

2. This writer has finished his HIGHERPRINT program. A summary of' theprogram appears elsewhere in thisnewsletter. The program has beenextensively used in printing. articleheaders (Higher Print Emphasizedmode) in this newsletter andparagraphs 5 and 6 below using amodified Higher Text Old English Fontin Condensed mode.

3. A Mini'app'les member from Akron,Ohio, attempted to contact the Epson

. User Group in Raleigh at the addresspublis~ed previously in thisnewsletter, and received the letterback marked .

Not Deliverable as addressed.I checked my original source, the May1981 edition of Byte magazine anddiscovered that the last digit of theZIP code was in error. This may bethe reason for the above problem.The address is repeated below:

Frank BardenEpson Users Groupc/o 1017 Trollingwood LaneRaleighNC 2760~

If anybody has information aboutBarden, his address, etc., pleasecome forward.

of abbiCeconcet>ning

in a

Ah well, you can't have your cake andeat it all the time. The fantasticthing about the Epson is that evenwhen it 'homes' the print-head, theregistration is so perfect, youcannot tell that such a thing hashappened. There's more onregistration in the HIGHER PRINTdiscussion.

printed. After that it 'homes' theprint-head, and waits for anotherfull buffer, or until the total bytesspecified by the Graphic set-up havebeen satisfied. This means the printhead returns to the left margin, thenmoves back again to continue printingfrom where it leaft off. The effectof all this is that if you do notprovide bytes to the printer at printspeed (1 millesecond/byte in 960mode), you will get one or more'homes' during the printing of a lineof graphics. I am in the process ofre-coding some parts of the HigherPrint program to prevent 'homing'during printing of long lines.Otherwise, the Printer gets terriblyslow.

.6. ~n unte~teb piecepickeb up t~i~ mont~

t>enewing t>ibbon~

cat>tt>i)Jge.~en t~e cat>tt>ibge anb~p t>al? w it ~ _ -'0. J£tt it~it obet> nigbt. ~~e ~ 40will cau~e tbe unu~.b inkto migt>ate to t~e bat>eat>.a~ Of tbe t>ibbon makingit almo~t like new?

PRINTEREPSON

The buffer holds 234 (approx) bytesor characters. The buffer isemptied, either upon receipt of aCarriage Return, or. when it fills.While in 960 Graphic mode (120dots/inch), the internal Epson logicwaits until the buffer is full beforethe print-head starts moving. Then,it uses the buffer in are-circulating manner, i.e. itremoves one byte in order to printthat byte, and allows one byte to beput in. If the Apple gets behind infilling the buffer, even apparentlyfor a few bytes, the printer willcomplete printing, those bytesalready in the buffer and not yet

4. Chuck Thiesfeld and I havethe following facts aboutEpson buffers input to itGraphic mode.

deducedhow the

when in6. As predicted last month, we

have a workind screen dumpprodram. Cary Mariash did anexcellent job producind aprodram which either prints in480 or in 960 mode. It will beavailable on a DOM to bereleased by the Octobermeetind. It will work with anEpson card modiFied either withthe wire doind to the dame port(a la Adornato May,MiniPappPles)J or with an Epsonwith piddy-back lodic perThiesFeld (April,MiniPappPles)J or with anunmodiFied TVMAC, AIO or otherparallel cards passind throudhthe hidh order bit.

Continued on Page 14

PAGE 12

MINI'APP'LES OCTOBE~·'" 1981 NEWSLETTER

HIGHER PRINTSUMMARY

Example:

P~eceding LA R GEIn line

Following P~int.

and again

by Daniel B. Buchler

3 Ope~ating modes a~e p~ovided:

HIGHER PRINT MODES

A 4BK Apple II o~ Apple II Plus withDisk is ~equi~ed.

HARDWARECONSIDERATIONS

dots between linesmultiple lines ino~ La~ge cha~acte~

p~ovided, which willto customize hisfollowing pa~amete~s

2. The numbe~ ofwhen p~inting

eithe~ Condensedmode.

A SYSGENp~og~am isallow the use~

configuation. Themay be defined:

1. Slot numbe~ of inte~face ca~d

SYSGEN

HIGHER PRINTDDT MATRIX

La~ge lette~s a~e p~inted on the pape~

in exactly the same way they a~e

displayed on a sc~een. That is in a 14wide by 16 high dot mat~ix. The Epson4BO Dot G~aphic mode is used, whichp~ints at 60 dots/inch. The~efo~e onegets a maximum of 4BO/14 = 3~ characte~s

pe~ line o~ 4.3 characte~s/llne.

Emphasized la~ge letters a~e exactlyanalagous to the ~egula~ EpsonEmphasized mode in which two dots a~e

p~inted 1/2 dot apa~t fo~ each dot inthe lette~ Mat~ix. The 960 dot mode at4BOspeed is used to accomplish this.

Condensed lette~s still use the HIGHERTEXT - 14 by 16mat~ix, except that thedot spacing is 1/2 dot in both theho~izontal and ve~tical di~ection.

Unfo~tunately, the dot size on the Epsonisa little too la~ge fo~ optimumutilization of all Fonts, so somelette~s like an 'e' tend to fill in.Using the edito~ supplied with HIGHERTEXT it is easy to change fonts so asto m~keit p~int to your liking.

The p~inte~ makes two passes to p~int

each line, using B wi~es of the p~int

head at a time in o~de~ to p~int the 16~ows of dots. In the case of thecondensed cha~acte~s, eve~y 2nd o~ oddnumbe~ed dot is p~inted on the fi~st

pass,. the p~inte~ is upspaced one halfdot and the even numbe~ed dots a~e

p~inted. The ~egist~ation in theve~tical di~ection is as g~eat as it isin the ho~izontal di~ection.

CharactersEmphasized

LargeLargeCondensed

HIGHER PRINT is a p~og~am which p~ovides

additional cha~acte~ sets fo~ the EpsonMX-BO and MX-100 p~inte~s. Thecha~acte~ sets themselves a~e de~ived

f~om the Syne~gistic Softwa~e/Call Applepackage HIGHER TEXT.If you do not al~eady own HIGHER TEXTit must be pu~chased sepa~tely as it isa copy~ighted softwa~e package.

HIGHER PRINT can be used with Applesoft,Intege~ Basic and seve~al of the Wo~d

P~ocesso~s, such as Apple Pie (P~og~amma

Inte~national), which p~ovide for use~defined software inte~faces.

HIGHER PRINT will wo~k with an EPSONMX-BO/100 plus G....aft~ax Dot G~aphics

option and one of the following pa~allel

i nte~faC:e .. ca~ds:TYMAC (no modifications ~equired)

EPSON with the high o~de~ bit lineconnected to Game po~t, annunciato~

output O. If you o~ someone in yourlocal Apple Use~'s g~oup can't dothis, contact:Co.puter Corner of New Jersey, 439Route23, Po.pton Plains, NJ, 07444,telephone (201) 835-7080EPSON with an integ~ated ci~cuit addedto the boa~d which will output thehigh o~de~ bit if the 'DEVICE SELECT'add~ess is odd.(Hodification published in ~pril, 1981edition of the Hini'app'lesNewsletter.>AIO o~ any othe~ pa~allel ca~d whichpasses the high orde~ bit th~ough tothe p~inte~.

These 3 modes use the G~aft~ax Dotp~inting mode and may be used inconjunction with all othe~ Epson p~intfeatu~es.

••

3. The numbe~ of dots f~om top ofcha~acte~ to next non HIGHER PRINTcha~acte~ when mixing ~egula~ andLa~ge HIGHER PRINT cha~acte~s.

GPAGE 13

MINI'APP'LES OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

CHEAP COMMUNICATION TAX DEDUCTION

POKE 184+s1ot,0

by Dan Buchler, et al

If you are sending lower case :

CTL A, CTL H (or F if appropriate),then CTL A, CTL Q,Telephone number.

Of course, once your spouse is using theApple to generate income, the computerand other Hardware become depreciable.That's an added bonus! Also, newpurchases of hardware may be eligiblefor the investment credit.

PUT YOUR APPLE AND NON-WORKING SPOUSETO WORK

by Jym Hubbell

Reagan's Economic Recovery Act may havea silver lining for Micro ComputerOwners who have NON-WORKING (i.e. Notearning taxable income> spouses. Thenew individual retirement income accountmaximum deductions have been increasedto $2000. But the 15% of Earned Incomelimitation has been eliminated. Thatmeans you can deduct 100% of your earnedincome up to $2000.

If you have a NON-WORKING spouse,consider setting him/her up in a smallbusiness enterprise which will generateat least $2000 in net earnings. Yourspouse could then deduct the $2000 andstash it away in an IRA. Investmentyields are at all-time highs, so that$2000 could generate sizabletax-deferred investment income.

This won't be a good deal foreverybody. First of all, can you affordto stash away $2000 (a year>? Thatmoney is subject to some pretty stiffpenalties if withdrawn before yourspouse reaches 59.5 years of age. And,who knows, by that time Tax Rates mightbe 100%!(Hhat a pessiDist - Editor!)

editor helped ruinfor 3 club members:Jim White and Daryl

This newsletterSaturday eveningCary Mariash,Hammond.

You see, Cary wrote the Expediter ][review (See elsewhere in thisnewsletter) using the Pascal TextEditor. This newsletter editor insistedthat he get a hard copy. Cary does nothave a modem, but Jim, who lives nearby,does own a Hayes. Both Cary and Jim hadrecently acquired their Pascal systems,so had not·had time to get involved muchwith communications to/from Pascalsystems~

Then after, communication has beenestablished, and the carrier is on, thetrick is to avoid hitting reset, or youwill lose your carrier.

The problem was how to send a Pascalfile via modem without any Pascalcommunication software. Well, the twoof them got together and came up with agreat idea. You don't need any specialsoftware. Jim established communicationwith the receiving computer off linefrom Pascal. He used Visiterm to dothat, but you could do it with the Hayesfirmware as follows:

Now, put the receiving computer intoinput mode (whatever happens to be thesoftware package at the receiving willpresumably be able to receive data andthen save it to disk, though even thattoo could be done manually on any Applewith a Hayes modem) At the Pascal end,boot up Pascal (just don't hit reset>,and then transfer the file which is tobe sent to device # which corresponds toyour Communication card/modem.

So, the purpose of this article is onlyto call your attention to a potentialopportunity. I'm not an expert, so ifthis sounds good to you, do your owninvestigations. Just keep your eyesopen; many newspapers and magazines willhave (already have> articles discussingthe new IRAs.

GIt worked fine!!! To verify thetechnique, I sent a file to anothercomputer by first of all establishingcommunication using the Hayes firmwareas described above. Then I booted my'Apple Pie' Word Processor; input a fileto memory and then output that file todevice #3 (My Hayes is in slot 3). Thatalso worked fine.

Epson Printer Hews Cont. from page 12

7. Note to new Epson Users. Epsonchanged the way in which they securethe printers during shipment. Themanual says that one should removethe shipping screws from within theprinter. Well, on the newerprinters, the shipping screws arefound underneath'

G GPAGE 14

----------------------- ---------------------

by Ron Rndroff

G CJMEETING MINUTES

AUGUST

Meeting was called to order at 7:45 byour president.

By Keith Madonna

APPLE

.M.I.N.I.'.;==.P.P.'.L..E.S.II tI OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

apiece now days.) Now officially you canI I I NE [J S expand to 128K. To do that one row of

41165 (16 units) are replaced with 32kbit ICs. (32k bit * 16 + 16k bit * 32 =128k * 8 bits).Now it turns out that two of the rows of16 sockets actually have 18 pin sockets,and one has 16 pin sockets. It alsohappens that the new 64k bit ICs are pincompatible with the 32k bit ICs.Therefore, one can populate two of therows or 32 sockets with 64k bit ICs,giving one a total of 288k, andsupposedly the software will supportsuch a configurartion. Further, becauseMostek has an exclusive on manufacturingthe 32k ICs, the going rate for the 64kchips of about $37 is only about $3 morethan for the 32k chips. However those32 64k ICs would set you back $1184.

Apple are trying to put life into thesales of the III with a 'rebirth' ofsoftware. There's a new databasemanager, a new Apple II Emulation disk (more on that later) and a VT-100Emulator that will interest persons whocommunicate'with DEC mainframes. AppleIII Pascal has finally been released. Itsells for $250 as do most Apple IIIsoftware packages.

Fortunately, there is one notableexception to the $250 rule. The Appledealers have been supplied with a set of8 programs, the pricing of which is upto the dealer. These are:

A 'File Cabinet' for Apple III from auser group.'Silentype Printer' drive., Thunderclock' driver.Program to convert 3.3 DOS Text filesto SOS Text files.The Emulator disk (more on thislater) .2 Demo Disks.RS232 Communications Driver.

There isPainter'floatingreleaseJanuary.

a preliminary copy of the 'WordWord Processing package

around. However officialis not supposed to happen until

OLD BUSINESS. None.

NEW BUSINESS. None.

Meeting was ajourned at 8:15.

Mountain Computer (Formally Mountainhardware) are developing a 'Super SerialInterface Card' for the III.

REMINDER Newsletter DeadlineThe new deadline for articles for thenewsletter will be on meeting night.

The new Apple II Emulation disk reallydoes'nt do alot new. It works betterwith communications but still hasproblems with joysticks. For example ifyou use the Apple III joysticks with theEmulator, you need two joysticks, withone axis of one controlling emulatingPDL 0, and another axis on the otheremulating PDL 1 ~ To get from Applesoftto Integer Basic or to Pascal, etc, youhave to reboot~ However it does emulatemost Apple II software!

GMEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM

Fill in and return to Membership Co'rd

Name:

Address:

Some details about Apple III memoryexpansion. The Apple III manual saysthat you need a hardware modification inorder to expand memory. This is what wethink is meant by hardwaremodification:-When you buy any system what you get are3 rows of 16 memory sockets. In a 96Ksystem all sockets are populated with4116 (16,384 bit) Integrated Circuits(Ies) (The same as you get in an AppleII. Those criters sell for around $2

Zip:

Home Telephone: _

Office Telephone: _

Apple II configuration: _

Special interests: _

Signature•••••••••••••••••••••••••PAGE 15

.: ~.~... -

MINI'APP'LES OCTOBER - 1981 NEWSLETTER

CEDAft ..ve.(", $4UTN SilIJIIHBS)~~w

(T/) S~lIrH SlJIJV~S)

3r;,ft._-':-_-+-+-1+-...&.:.:.L.l.l.L_-+-_ ,Fj'- $T.'U,-- $ ,~. ST.

--12-_...+-... ~1_- ~e~ ST.

IN THIS ISSUEApple +68000 = DTACK GROUNDED

by Daniel B. Buchler •••••••••• 3Local Computer Book Sources

by John L. Hansen ••••••••••••• 4Pascal Books for Apple Pascal U.ers

by John L. H.nsen ••••••••••• 5,6Classified Advertisements •••••••••••• 6Expediter JC by Gary M.riash •••••• 11,6A.P. Computer Products Advert •••••••• 7DOM *7 by K,n Slingsby ••••••••••••• 8,9

Micromint Bulk Purchase Order ••••••• 10Epson Printer News

by Daniel B. 'Suchler •••••• 12,14Higher Print Summary

by D.niel B. Buchler••••••••• 13Cheap Communication.

by Daniel B. Buchler ••••••••• 14Tax Deduction by Jy. Hubbell •••••••• 14August Minutes by Ron Rndroff ••••••• 15Apple III New. by Keith Madonna ••••• 1~

____________ PAGE 16 _

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