MINI PROJECT 1-LIGHTING ENGINEERING
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Transcript of MINI PROJECT 1-LIGHTING ENGINEERING
Lighting Installed Load Efficacy Ratio (ILER)
Lighting Engineering (CEG61102) 1 | P a g e
Master of Engineering Technology
(Green and Energy Efficient Building) CEG 61102 Lighting Engineering
Mini Project 1 – Lighting Installed Load Efficacy Ratio (ILER)
UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR - MICET
MOHD AZIM BIN AB RAHMAN, MUHAMMAD NOR HIDAYAT BIN RADUAN, ANAS BIN
MOHD JAAFAR
______________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
This experiment demonstrated how to approach to room lighting – one that gives tools
to improve the learning environment, while reducing energy consumption. The meeting
room was installed with 12 rods of fluorescent tube lamp (Philips TLD 36W/54) –
2500lm, 69lm/W. The study used direct and indirect experiment methods to access how
the lighting systems were used to benefit the learning environment. 20 data points were
collected showing the Integrated Meeting room Lighting Systems met the needs of
today teaching methodology. The experiment developed a flexible easy to use design
and lighting layout template enabling the Institute designer to quickly adapt the research
finding. Preference studies showed the people are using that room unanimously
preferred the Lighting systems over existing lighting (daylight ) that it had impact on the
way they making any discussion matter in that room.
Keywords: Meeting Room Lighting, people preference, sustainability, University Room,
energy efficiency, student performance, day lighting
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INTRODUCTION
This paper presents the findings of demonstration experiment conducted for the
meeting room located at UniKL- MIIT, level 22 for Postgraduate Student – Research
and Development (IPS). The research examined the quantity of having lighting in one
particular room and the essential lighting needed for individual for having light to
perform their job in particular room and whether the room is sufficient with light source
by doing some calculating the lighting installed Load Efficacy Ratio (ILER). The meeting
room was selected for the experiment with the length is 6.7m, the width is 4.8m and the
height is 2.67m. 20 points are taken for their measuring illuminance based on the room
index calculation which is the room index is (1<RI<2). The measurement grids are
positioned and representative area of the working plane. The room is completed with
set of furniture, 3 big window glass opening, two doors, one projector and screen
projector, two small long windows and 13 office chairs.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Light is very important to gives us the clear picture to complete any job or task, without
light everything cannot be done perfectly. The highest light we received is from sunlight.
Daylight provides a better lighting environment than cool white or energy – efficient
fluorescent through evolution, humans have come to compare with all other light” (
Franta and Anstead, 1994) . The majority of humans prefer a daylight environment
because sunlight consists of a balanced spectrum of color, with its energy peaking
slightly in the blue- green area of the visible spectrum (Liberman 1991). According to Et
Al (1992), natural light also has the highest levels of light needed for biological function.
From all statement above show that daylight is the main light for human in this world.
Daylight in the classroom reported an increase in general well being. Specific benefits in
these types of classroom or office room environments include better health; reduce
absenteeism, increase productivity, financial saving and preference of workers. Benefits
to the office or classroom, they require that workers be within 27 feet of a window
(Franta and Anstead 1994)
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In building daylight cannot integrated using a full- spectrum bright lights where it shown
to positively affect the workers in the buildings. Full- spectrum bright lights allow day
and night workers to adjust their internal clocks or circadian cycles to match work
cycles. Improvements in productivity can decrease the percentage of accidents and also
can increase the level of mental performance (Luo 1998), that is why the better lighting
in particular room need the right efficiency lighting for the better performance for the
people inside the room.
METHODOLOGY
1. The measurement of following parameters is required.
1. Illuminance
2. Power input
3. Length & width of room, mounting height
2. Illuminance measurement points are determined by using formula for Room index:
3. 20 points are generated from the formula where the RI for the meeting room we
selected is 1<RI<2 which is the minimum number of measurement points for ±5%
accuracy is 18. Below is the table for number point for measuring illuminance:
Figure 1
Table 1: Room Index
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4. Every 20 points generated are measured by using Light Meter/ calibrate lux meter to
get the data every of each point. Every measurement method must off and on the light
before taken the measurement. Average value is measured after all points collected and
need to multiply with the correction factor as shown in the table below. Fluorescent
Lamp are used in the meeting room with amount of 12 rods.
5. The number of Average Illuminance are generated by using formula below, then to
get the total available lumens on the measurement plane is the value of average
illuminance multiply with the area of the room. The figure 3 below show that the formula
to get for the value of total available lumens on the measurement plane.
Table 2: Correction Factor
Figure 2
Figure 3
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6. Then, the target installed load efficacy is measured by get the data from the table
below, where the value for the ILE is 13.87 lm/W:
No Item Value Unit
1 Number of lamps 12
2 Length of room m 6.7 m
3 Width of room m 4 4.8 m
4 Floor area 32.16 m2
5 Height of lamp from the plane of measurement 2.4 m
6 Room index 1.17
7 Number of illuminance measurement points taken 20
8 Average room illuminance 238.15 lux
9 Measured/estimated circuit power 552 w
10 Installed Lighting Efficacy 13.87 lm/w
11 Target Lighting efficacy 46 lm/w
Table 3
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7. Lastly the value for ILER (Installed Load Efficiency Ratio) is measured by using the
equation below to generate the value for ILER;
For the Target Load Efficacy (TLE), the table below shown that the value for particular
room with the value is already given. To get the value for TLE, the Room Index (RI)
needs to identify.
Table 4: TLE
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RESULT
1. The experiment has been done at meeting room. Details of the experiment:
Location UniKL (MIIT)
Level 22
Type of room Meeting Room
Room number 2207
2. The details of the room shows as below:
Figure 4: Top View of the Meeting Room
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3. Calculation of room index, RI
Length: 6.7m
Width: 4.8m
Height: 2.67m
Height from table measuring point to ceiling, Hm: 2.4m
RI= 1.17
4. From the room index result, the minimum number illuminance measurement
points is decided as follow in the table below:
The table determine about the minimum number of measuring points that need to
be calculate. Since our room index is 1.17, so the minimum number of
measurement points that should been taken is 18 for 5% accuracy.
For this experiment, we took 20 of measurement points. So, it follows the terms
in room index that showed in the table above.
Table 5: Room Index
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5. The average of luminance has been calculated as below, which it involve 20 of
measuring points:
A B C D
1 108 130 152 150
2 158 274 308 277
3 153 307 351 241
4 158 296 374 242
5 209 289 309 277
Average 238.15
AveTask 274
AveNon-Task 214.25
6. The meeting room used fluorescent lamp as their light source. So, for the
correction factor for lux meter, we refer to the fluorescent lamp that shown in the
table below:
Table 6: Correction Factor
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From the average luminance result and correction factor that we had taken, we
can calculate the average illuminance. The formula shown as:
Average illuminance,
Average illuminance, E= 257.202
7. To identify the total luminous flux (lumens) incident on measurement plane, we
need to multiply the average of illuminance with area:
Total available lumens on the measurement plane,
8271.62
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To identify the installed load efficacy, it can be calculated by using this formula
shown as below:
No Item Value Unit
1 Number of lamps 12
2 Length of room m 6.7 m
3 Width of room m 4 4.8 m
4 Floor area 32.16 m2
5 Height of lamp from the plane of measurement 2.4 m
6 Room index 1.17
7 Number of illuminance measurement points taken 20
8 Average room illuminance 238.15 lux
9 Measured/estimated circuit power 552 w
10 Installed Lighting Efficacy 13.87 lm/w
11 Target Lighting efficacy 46 lm/w
Table 7: Installed Lighting Efficacy
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8. To estimate the installed load efficacy ratio, ILER the result shown in the red box
as below:
No Item Value Unit
1 Number of lamps 12
2 Length of room m 6.7 m
3 Width of room m 4 4.8 m
4 Floor area 32.16 m2
5 Height of lamp from the plane of measurement 2.4 m
6 Room index 1.17
7 Number of illuminance measurement points taken 20
8 Average room illuminance 238.15 lux
9 Measured/estimated circuit power 552 w
10 Installed Lighting Efficacy 13.87 lm/w
11 Target Lighting efficacy 46 lm/w
12 Installed Lighting efficacy ratio 0.30
9. Some of the factor that should be taken as possible, that is because of the value
for the ILER is less than 0.5 mean the meeting room is need take some action for
the lighting efficancy. The reason might be the reflector of poor luminanaire
efficancy, some other thing might be because of the maintenance of reflectors
not proper due to dirt/dust accumulation and also because of poor maintenance
of wall, floor and roof reflectance levels.
Table 8: Installed Lighting Efficacy Ratio
Table 9
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10. From this experiment, the total result shown as below:
No Item Value Unit
1 Number of lamps 12
2 Length of room m 6.7 m
3 Width of room m 4 4.8 m
4 Floor area 32.16 m2
5 Height of lamp from the plane of measurement 2.4 m
6 Room index 1.17
7 Number of illuminance measurement points taken 20
8 Average room illuminance 238.15 lux
9 Measured/estimated circuit power 552 w
10 Installed Lighting Efficacy 13.87 lm/w
11 Target Lighting efficacy 46 lm/w
12 Installed Lighting efficacy ratio 0.30
13 Uncertainty %
14 Average illuminance on task areas 274
15 Average illuminance on non- task areas 214.25
16 Diversity ratio 1.28
No Description Measured Parameter Accuracy
1 Power Meter Power 1.0%
2 Lux Meter Illuminance 5.0%
Table 10
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DAYLIGHT FACTOR
Methodology
Daylight factor is one of the factor influenced the lighting in one particular room. The
experiment was running in the day time and daylight influenced for some of the results.
To see how percentage or the range of daylight factor influenced the room for the
experimented room as below:
1. The room is dark without any artificial light source, but only light from the
sun are allowed to enter to room. All the window s is closed to source of daylight
are opening as wide as possible to allow the sun light come in.
2. 1 meter is taken for the distance from the window and for the second point is
also 1 meter until reached to the end of the corner. In this room, for 6 points are
identified and every of the point are recorded, below is the reading point:
Figure 5: Point reading
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3. The measurement is measured by using a Light Meter at each point marked
and by using the formula we gained the results as below:
EP (lx) Ehz (lx) Total %
730 71200 1.025281
700 69900 1.001431
680 68500 0.992701
600 67600 0.887574
450 66700 0.674663
320 66100 0.484115
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1M 2M 3M 4M 5M 6M
Light Curve
Table 11: Value for EP and Ehz
Figure 6: Daylight Factor Curve
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CONCLUSION
Based on the results from the value of ILER at the room, shown that the value for ILER is less
than 0.5 which is need for the urgent action to correct the lighting quality. There are several
factor influenced the results for the ILER in this room which is poor maintenance of wall, floor
and roof reflectance level, in addition the reflectors of poor luminance efficiency especially at the
floor which is been installed with dark color carpet where there are less reflection to the area in
the room.
For the Daylight Factor curve results, as we can indentify that there are 3 big glasses installed
to the room where it consist to received higher sun light percentage in the day time. The results
shown that almost 80% the area in the room are received sunlight and the curve shows that it
covered the area of the table where most of student and lecturer are doing task on the plane
surface. The shape of the curve also influenced by the window’s shape, the window shape size
is almost covered the entire of the wall at the left side.