Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat...
Transcript of Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat...
![Page 1: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling
ThermalEnergyfromMineWorkingsDaveBanks
UniversityofGlasgowHolymoorConsultancy,Chesterfield
“No;thismyhandwillratherThemultitudinousseasincarnadine,Makingthegreenonered.”
Macbeth,Crucible,Sheffield.
![Page 2: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
“....makingtheredonegreen”
![Page 3: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Minewater
Water
![Page 4: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Minewater
Water
Pyrite+water+O2 =acid+sulphate+iron
Water
![Page 5: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Pumpandtreat
Caphouseminewatertreatmentscheme,nearWakefield
Katowicemine,Poland
![Page 6: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Closedloop– thelowriskway
HeatpumpHeattoabuilding
Heatabsorbedfromrockinshaft/boreholewall
Ifadvectionofwaterinshaft:greaterheatyieldsachievable
Advantages:
No abstraction of mine water
No risk of geochemical fouling of heat exchanger
Disdvantages:
May interfere with desludging of basins
Modest heat yield
![Page 7: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Heatpump/exchanger
Totreatmentsystem/surfacewaterrecipient
Ortore‐injection
Typicalopenloopsystem
TheBigRisksGeochemistry
Thermalfeedback
![Page 8: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Inwinter
Warmwaterabstractedfromdeepinshaft(ultimatelythroughdeeproadways)
Thermally“spent”coolerwaterflowsawayviahigherroadways
Ifminewaterthroughflowisbigenough…..Heatpump/exchanger
![Page 9: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Whyminewater?
MostGSHPschemesdeliversavingsonCO2 emissionsandonOPEX.BUTtheyrequireconsiderableCAPEXonboreholedrillingandsubsurfaceheatexchangers.
Theuseofminesandminewatercanreducecapitalexpenditurebecause:
1. Flooded,interconnectedmineworkingsallowaccesstoahugereservoirofwarmmine‐waterviaonlyoneortwoboreholes,orviaexistingshafts.
2. Theinterconnectednetworkoftunnelswithinthemineitselfrepresentsanenormousheatexchangesurface.
3. Someabandonedminesarealreadycommittedtoexpenditureonpumpingand/ortreatmentmerelyforthepurposesofenvironmentalprotection,whileregardingthepumpedwatermerelyasatroublesome“waste”product.
4. TheUKCoalAuthoritypumpsand/ortreatsaround3000L/swaterfromabandonedmines,withtemperaturesof9‐18°C,3000L/sx4200J/K/Lx5°C=63MW
![Page 10: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
GlenalmondStreet,Shettleston,GlasgowWorkingsinEllCoalSeam
![Page 11: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
GlenalmondStreet,Shettleston,Glasgow
Photos by D Banks
Completed1999Serves16newly‐builtdwellings(1600m2)Source=100mboreholeinfloodedcoalmine
workingsoftheEllSeamWaterpumpedat12°Ccirculatedviawater‐to‐water
heatpump(65kWpeakoutput),andreturnedviashallowerreinjectionborehole
Heatpumpoutput=55°Ctothermalstore.Designedwithsupplementarysolarthermalheating.
FeedsDHW(withsupplementaryimmersionheater)andcentralheating
![Page 12: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
20kWheatpump
2‐3L/sat15.4°Cfrom235m
Returnto255mat12°C
Heatat60°CtoAlkane’soffices
Alkane,MarkhamColliery,nearBolsover
![Page 13: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Alkane,MarkhamColliery,nearBolsover
Feat4mg/L
Nocloggingorfeedbackproblemsobserved
![Page 14: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ochil View, Lumphinnans, nr. Cowdenbeath, Fife
Photos by D Banks
pH 6.16Eh +29 mV (reducing, H2S smell)Temperature 12.1oCAlkalinity 6.5 meq/LSulphate 1339 mg/LChloride 20.3 mg/LCalcium 315 mg/LMagnesium 224 mg/LSodium 15.6 mg/LPotassium 21.6 mg/LIron 57.9 mg/LManganese 3 mg/L
![Page 15: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hitherto...
TheShettlestonschemehashadnoproblemsofcloggingatall...
ButtherechargewelloftheLumphinnansschemewasvandalised(2005)...
DegassingofCO2
ExposuretoO2
Precipitationofochre,other
metalhydroxides,calcite
![Page 16: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CoalAuthorityTrialatDawdon,Co.Durham
75to150L/sminewatertreatmentcapacityDanfoss12kWheatpumpheatsofficeandDHW1.5L/softreatedminewateratc.20°CsupportsheatpumpMinewatersaline,withc.0.8mg/Liron(peaksof2‐4mg/L)
fromCoalAuthoritywebsite
![Page 17: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CoalAuthoritytrialatDawdon
Whentreated(aerated)waterused,heatexchangerandfilterrapidlybecameclogged
but,afterraw(unoxygenated)waterused,fewproblems
![Page 18: Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: Thermal ...Minewater as an environmental heat source or sink: “Geothermal” heating and cooling Thermal Energy from Mine Workings](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042101/5e7d7c7d391fca0b2915e603/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Thesecretsofsuccess
A good understanding of subsurface geometry and hydraulics of mine workings
A good understanding of hydrochemistry
Gas management!