Minerals Chapter 3. Minerals – naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and...
-
Upload
shauna-pierce -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of Minerals Chapter 3. Minerals – naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and...
MineralsMinerals
Chapter 3Chapter 3
MineralsMinerals – naturally occurring, inorganic – naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a definite structure and solid with a definite structure and compositioncomposition
Over 4000 mineralsOver 4000 minerals 5 Characteristics of Minerals:5 Characteristics of Minerals:
1. formed by natural processes – salt, diamonds1. formed by natural processes – salt, diamonds 2. Inorganic – no Carbon2. Inorganic – no Carbon 3. Solids3. Solids 4. Unique chemical composition4. Unique chemical composition 5. repeated pattern5. repeated pattern
CrystalsCrystals – solid with atoms are arranged in – solid with atoms are arranged in repeating patternsrepeating patterns
Minerals formed:Minerals formed: 1. from magma – cooling of hot melted rock1. from magma – cooling of hot melted rock 2. liquid evaporating - crystals 2. liquid evaporating - crystals
SilicatesSilicates – minerals that contain silicon and – minerals that contain silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elementsoxygen and usually one or more other elements
Silicon and Oxygen the two most abundant Silicon and Oxygen the two most abundant elements in earths crustelements in earths crust
Mineral IdentificationMineral Identification 1. 1. Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties – –
ColorColor AppearanceAppearance Hardness Hardness – Mohr hardness scale– Mohr hardness scale LusterLuster – how light is reflected – how light is reflected
Metallic or non metallicMetallic or non metallic StreakStreak – color of the mineral when it is broken up – color of the mineral when it is broken up
and powderedand powdered Cleavage and fractureCleavage and fracture – how it breaks – how it breaks
Cleavage – breaks along smooth flat surfaces MicaCleavage – breaks along smooth flat surfaces Mica Fracture – rough, jagged edge - QuartzFracture – rough, jagged edge - Quartz
LusterLuster – how light is reflected – how light is reflectedMetallic or non metallicMetallic or non metallic
StreakStreak – color of the mineral – color of the mineral when it is broken up and when it is broken up and
powderedpowdered
Hardness Hardness
3.2 How Minerals Form3.2 How Minerals Form In crystallization the atoms are In crystallization the atoms are
arranged either by:arranged either by: 1. Magma and Lava1. Magma and Lava
Hot magma cools inside the earthHot magma cools inside the earth Lava (magma on the surface) hardens on Lava (magma on the surface) hardens on
the surfacethe surface Both form crystals when they cool to a Both form crystals when they cool to a
solidsolid 2. Solution2. Solution
Elements and compounds dissolved in Elements and compounds dissolved in water leave a solution they form crystalswater leave a solution they form crystals
Minerals form by evaporationMinerals form by evaporation Salt, halite, gypsum, calciteSalt, halite, gypsum, calcite
Minerals from Hot Water SolutionsMinerals from Hot Water Solutions Elements and compounds dissolveElements and compounds dissolve VeinVein – narrow channel or slap of a – narrow channel or slap of a
mineral different from the surrounding mineral different from the surrounding rockrock
3.3 Mineral Resources3.3 Mineral Resources Uses of Minerals:Uses of Minerals: 11. Gemstones. Gemstones – hard, colorful, mineral with – hard, colorful, mineral with
a glassy lustera glassy luster 2. 2. Metals Metals – aluminum, iron, copper or silver– aluminum, iron, copper or silver 3. Misc: 3. Misc: TalcTalc for talcum powder for talcum powder
Calcite Calcite for optical instruments like for optical instruments like microscopesmicroscopes
Quartz Quartz for class and electronicsfor class and electronics Gypsum - Gypsum - wallboard and cementwallboard and cement
4. 4. OreOre – – rock that contains a useful rock that contains a useful mineral that can be sold for profitmineral that can be sold for profit