Minelli Weiland EDUC 5541 Gagne’s Conditions and Events of Learning Contemporary Learning Theory...

Minelli Weiland EDUC 554 1

Gagne’s Conditions Gagne’s Conditions and Events of and Events of

LearningLearning

Gagne’s Conditions Gagne’s Conditions and Events of and Events of

LearningLearningContemporary Learning TheoryContemporary Learning Theory

2008-20092008-2009


Expectation• We will be able to describe

Gagne’s nine (9) events of learning and create a lesson demonstrating how these events could be implemented within an instructional setting.


Robert Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction

“Organization is the hallmark of effective instructional materials”.

Robert Gagne1916-present


Gagne’s Theoretical Background

• Robert Gagne is best known for his learning outcomes, learning conditions, and his nine events of instruction.

• Gagne’s theory should be classified as instructional theory as opposed to a learning theory. – A learning theory consists of a set of propositions and

constructs that account for how changes in human performance abilities come about.

– On the other hand, an instructional theory seeks to describe the conditions under which one can intentionally arrange for the learning of specific performance outcomes.


Gagne’s Theoretical Orientation

• Gagne’s instructional theory tends to side with behavioristic principles (teacher-centered approach) because of emphasis on outcomes/behaviors that result from instruction.

• Results of learning are measurable through testing• Drill, practice, and immediate feedback are effective.

• Influenced by cognitive theorists– Information-processing model of learning could be

combined with behaviorist concepts (feedback) to provide a more complete view of learning tasks (Molenda, 2002)


Gagne’s Theoretical Orientation (Cont’d)

• In his view, effective instruction must reach beyond traditional learning theories (behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism) and provide support to transition from simple to complex skills, thus using an hierarchical model for learning.


Overview of Gagne’s Theories

Five major categories of learning outcomes

1) Verbal information or declarative knowledge2) Intellectual skills3) Cognitive strategies – memory and problem

solving4) Motor skills5) Attitudes and internal beliefs


Learning Phases and Instructional Events

Category of Learning

• Preparation for Learning

• Acquisition and Performance

• Transfer of Learning

Phase of Learning1. Attending2. Expectancy3. Retrieval

4. Selective Perception 5. Semantic Encoding6. Retrieval and

Responding

7. Reinforcement8. Cueing Retrieval9. Generalizability


Attending

• Informing class that it is time to begin, gaining the attention of the class

• Audio, visuals, film, hook, etc.


Expectancy• Informing class of lesson objective,

as well as type and quantity of performance to be expected– Establishing performance standard –

“how good is good enough”


Retrieval• Stimulate recall of prior learning

– KWL, brainstorming, discussion question, journal reflection, etc.

– Activate information relevant to topic being studied


Selective Perception• Present examples of new concept

or rule, modeling• Recognition of relevant

information and transfer to Working Memory (WM)


Semantic Encoding• Provide cues to help students

remember information, transfer into Long Term Memory (LTM)– Memory strategies, graphics, etc.


Retrieval and Responding

• Students asked to apply the concept of rule to new example

• Guided practice• Students asked to demonstrate or

respond


Reinforcement• Provide feedback related to

accuracy of student performance and learning– Conferencing, teacher commentary,

rubric reflections, etc.– Provides corrective information


Cueing Retrieval• Asking students to apply new

learning• Independent practice

– May signal needed prior knowledge in form of hint or reminder


Generalizability• Provide students an opportunity to

apply the skill in a different content area or context and under different circumstances– Homework, review sessions, etc.

Minelli Weiland EDUC 5541 Gagne’s Conditions and Events of Learning Contemporary Learning Theory...

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