VisionThe Milwaukee County Zoo will be a zoo of renown with a reputation as a leader in animal management, conservation,research and education within a wholesome recreational envi-ronment enjoying the admiration of the citizens of MilwaukeeCounty as well as all zoo guests and other zoos of the world.

Mission StatementThe Milwaukee County Zoo will inspire public understanding,support and participation in global conservation of animalspecies and their environment by creating a unifying bondbetween our visitors and the living earth and provide an environment for personal renewal and enjoyment for ourguests by:

• Contributing to worldwide animal management, conservation and research e+orts;

• Fostering sound physical, psychological and social development for the animal groups in our care;

• Sharing our knowledge with the intent to reinforce the human-animal-earth bond;

• Improving the quality of our professional development,administration and operating environment;

• Striving for the financial self-su-ciency of the organization;

• Continuing the public-private partnership with the Zoological Society of Milwaukee.

M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O

Cownose rays and bonnethead sharks

Table of ContentsAddress from the County Executive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Letter from the Director. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Milwaukee County Zoo History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2013 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2013 Animal Management and Health Division. . . . . . . . . 8

Zoo Sta+ Conservation and Research Projects . . . . . . . 18

Additional Conservation E+orts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Cooperative Animal Management Programs . . . . . . . . . . 24

Administration and Finance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Public A+airs and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Operating Expenses (Financials) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

The Milwaukee County Zoo and the Zoological Society of Milwaukee. . . . . . . . . . . 38

County Executive and Board of Supervisors . . . . . . . . . . 41

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 1

Dear Friends,For the Milwaukee County Zoo,2013 was marked by successfulconservation programs in theform of noteworthy animalbirths and varied additions tothe collection. A significant un-dertaking also took place thisyear as the Zoo positioned it-self to continue as a zoologicalleader, with the next 20-yearmaster plan proposal coming to fruition.

A milestone was reached in the Zoo’s master plan process,with the initial proposal for the 20-year plan being final-ized. This plan addresses all aspects of the Zoo, includinganimal exhibits, dining, mer-chandise sales, and service andinfrastructure improvements.

Also in 2013, the Zoo was granted continuing accreditation status from the Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA). Accreditation takes placeevery five years, and involves a rigorous process of on-site inspection, self-evaluation and peer review. Congratulations to the Zoo for its accred-itation, another example of its commitment to high zoological standards,conservation and exceptional animal care.

Zoo conservation e(orts came in many forms this year, but one of the most significant was the births of four bonobos (pygmy chimpanzee).These births not only mark the propagation of a highly endangered species, but also show the Zoo’s continuing commitment to conservationinitiatives within its animal collection.

While the Zoo Interchange Project moved forward, the Zoo continued to work in tandem with the Department of Transportation (DOT), keep-ing apprised of the major developments as they impact the Zoo and its visitors. This substantial project continues through 2018.

I thank the sta( of the Milwaukee County Zoo for its continued dedicationand hard work. It is because of your efforts that the Zoo is able to growand thrive.

I would also like to acknowledge the relationship between the Zoo and theZoological Society of Milwaukee. Each year, this public-private partnershiphelps strengthen the Zoo’s projects and overall initiatives.

Chris AbeleMilwaukee County Executive

Letter from the DirectorA variety of exciting events occurred throughout the year, ranging from new animal births and arrivals to our continued accreditation by the AZA and the completion of the Zoo’s next 20-year master plan proposal.

Of significant note in 2013, the Zoo was granted continued accreditation status by the AZA. Accreditation is granted for five years, at the end of which the institution must undergo the rigorous investigation again to ensure it meets rising industry standards in collection care, veterinary programs, conservation, education and safety, among other areas.

In the summer, the Zoo welcomed back a popular live-animal exhibit, Sting Ray & Shark Bay, sponsored by Sendik’s Food Markets. Visitors could get up close with harmless species of both sting rays and sharks in a 14,000-gallon touch pool. The display again proved to be a must-see attraction.

We were proud to announce the births of four bonobos who joined our troop during the year. The first two bonobos were born in May and June, and the last two in November and December, bringing our total number to 20. This is a significantaccomplishment for conservation efforts of this endangeredspecies whose numbers are rapidly diminishing in the wild.

Two reticulated giraffes were added to the collection, bring-ing our number to four. Females Ziggy and Marlee arrived from Disney’s Animal Kingdom and Zoo Miami, respectively, and proved to be excellent companions to our existing herd of one female and one male. We hope our future herd willnow include calves!

In the fall, we suffered a great loss in our animal collection with the death of polar bear Wilhelm (Willie). Here for a temporary stayfrom the North Carolina Zoo, Willie became a visitor favorite. He’ll be missed both by guests and staff alike.

During 2013, a job analysis and evaluation project was initiated by the Milwaukee County Department of Human Resources for all county employees. Zoo employees completed job evaluation

questionnaires (JEQs) pertaining to their overall job duties.These JEQs will be used to standardize job descrip-

tions and possibly realign job classifications andsalary ranges.

We once again extend a thank you to the county executive, the county board and theZoological Society and their partners fortheir continued support. A number of ourinitiatives, renovations and special exhibitsare possible because of their assistance.

Please read on as each division shares highlights from the year.

Zoo Director Charles Wikenhauser

Charles WikenhauserZoo Director

Dwarf mongoose

M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O2

1892-2004Our history at a glance

1892 The Milwaukee County Zoo (MCZ) started as a miniature mammal and bird display in Milwaukee’s downtown Washington Park

1902 MCZ expanded to 23 acres; now home to 800 animals

1910 The Zoological Society was founded, lending financial support to the Zoo

1934 MCZ became an entity of the Milwaukee County Park Commission, which helped provide resources to expand the Zoo

1958 MCZ moved to its present location on 200 acres of parkland

Late 1960s Completion of: the Primate Building, Monkey Island, Winter Quarters, Polar and Brown Bear Dens and the Feline, Pachyderm, Gira0e, Bird, Small Mammal, Aquarium & Reptile and Australian Buildings

1970s MCZ added the Children’s Zoo, Train Shed, Zoo Hospital, Dall Sheep Exhibit and the Gift Shop.The Zoological Society’s volunteer organization, Zoo Pride, was established.The Zoological Society develops education programs at the Zoo.

1978 The Milwaukee County Zoo was one of only 22 institutions in North America accredited by the American Association of Zoological Parks & Aquariums, now named the Association of Zoos & Aquariums.

1980s Initiated a $26 million capital improvement plan, representing a significant partnership venturebetween the Zoo, Milwaukee County and the Zoological Society.

Completion of: Wolf Woods, underwater viewing in the Polar Bear and Sea Lion Exhibits,Oceans of Fun, the Dairy Complex, Humboldt Penguins and the Peck Welcome Center

1988 Hosted the Association of Zoos & Aquariums Annual Conference

Early 1990s An extensive renovation of the Aviary and Primates of the World, and the completion of a new Apes of Africa Exhibit

1995 Renovation of the Aquarium and Reptile Center; renamed the Aquatic and Reptile Center

1998 Completed remodeling of the Small Mammals Building

1999 Initiated a $30 million capital improvement plan, representing a significant partnership venture between the Zoo, Milwaukee County and the Zoological Society

2002 Renovation and modernization of Lakeview Place restaurantRedesign of the Ice Cream Palace and Karibu Gift ShopGroundbreaking for the new Animal Health Center Major renovation (both indoor and outdoor quarters) to our landmark exhibit, Monkey Island; renamed Macaque Island

2003 Completion of the Animal Health CenterInitiated design phase of renovation to the Feline Building; animals relocatedBegan initial renovations to the Stackner Heritage Farm and construction of the Karen Peck Katz Conservation Education Center

2004 Completion of the Karen Peck Katz Conservation Education CenterBegan demolition and finalized designs for Northwestern Mutual Family FarmContinued construction of the new $7.2 million Florence Mila Borchert Big Cat Country

Washington Park

Macaquemonkey

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3

The Milwaukee County Zoo Home to more than 2,700 mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles, we’re proud our Zoo continues to be recognized as one of the finest in the country.

3

Photo by unknown

M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O4

2005-2013Our history at a glance

2005 Completion of the Florence Mila Borchert Big Cat Country Completion of the Northwestern Mutual Family Farm Completion of the redesign and renovation of the

Safari Train Station

2006 Completion of the MillerCoors Gira0e Experience Began initial design phase for the new U.S. Bank

Gathering Place

2007 Began construction for the new U.S. Bank Gathering Place, and the new Idabel Wilmot Borchert Flamingo Exhibit and Overlook

2008 Completion of the U.S. Bank Gathering Place Completion of the Idabel Wilmot Borchert Flamingo Exhibit and Overlook Received accreditation by the Association of Zoos & Aquariums Hosted the AZA Annual Conference

2009 Completion of the Dohmen Family Foundation Hippo Home Completed renovation of the Taylor Family Humboldt Penguin Exhibit Began upgrades for storm water management program

2010 Installed solar panels at admission gates Installed permanent poetry exhibition The Language

of Conservation, located throughout the Zoo

2011 Completion of the new outdoor Bonobo Exhibit, and new interpretive graphics and interactive displays to the indoor Bonobo Exhibit

Opened new permanent visitor activities with SkyTrail® Wisconsin Adventure Zone

Added Kohl’s Wild Theater programming to Zoo’s Northwestern Mutual Family Farm, made possible by donation to the Zoological Society

2012 Completion of the first planning phase of a new 20-year Zoo master plan, addressing improvements in animal exhibits, visitor attractions and amenities, service facilities and operations

Completed the renovated entrance to the Northwestern Mutual Family Farm Completion of the first phase of Black Bear Exhibit

improvements, made possible by a donation from MillerCoors

2013 Completion of the master plan proposal by Peckham Guyton Albers & Viets, Inc. (PGAV); will serve as a guide for the Zoo for the next 20 years

Installed a new emergency broadcast system on Zoo grounds

Completed design phase for the new west entrance and adjacent parking lots Continued improvements to the Black Bear Exhibit with focus on water conservation

Northwestern MutualFamily Farm

Black Bear Exhibit

Taylor Family Humboldt Penguin Exhibit

The Language of Conservation

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 5

2013 HighlightsHere are some of the 2013 highlights and accomplishments in greater detail:

AZA AccreditationIn September 2013, the Milwaukee County Zoo was again awardedaccreditation by the AZA. Institutions belonging to the AZA are fully evaluated once every five years by a team of inspectors and by the AZA Accreditation Commission to ensure AZA standards and policies continue to be met.

Less than 10 percent of the more than 2,000 licensed animal ex-hibitors in the United States have achieved AZA accreditation. Standards are frequently re-evaluated and raised to ensure animals in AZA institutions are receiving the best possible care from highlyqualified staff in modern facilities that represent the best practicesin our profession.

Zoos and aquariums accredited by the AZA are expected to be leaders in the field and embrace the highest quality facilities, programs and staff available. Animals must be well cared for andhoused in appropriate settings that provide an educational experi-ence for visitors, and meet the animals’ physical, psychological and social needs.

Animals must be managed as appropriate for long-term genetic viability of the species, which means careful planning of resource allocation, ex-situ breeding, and ex-situ/in-situ conservation and research.

The AZA standards refer to all aspects of zoological institution operations, including:

• Animal care, welfare and management• Veterinary care• Conservation• Education and interpretation• Research• Governing authority• Staff• Support organization• Finance• Physical facilities• Safety/security• Guest services• Other programs and activities

The Zoo has maintained AZA-accredited status since it was firstinspected in 1978. The next AZA accreditation evaluation of theZoo is scheduled for 2018.

Zoo Master PlanningThe proposal for the Zoo’s next master plan was finalized during the year. The national firm of PGAV was contracted for the project. The proposal includes eight new or redevel-oped animal exhibits, three non-animal attractions and five revenue-generating centers.

This new master plan will serve as a guide for the park for the next 20 years and beyond, and address all aspects of the Zoo, including animal exhibits, dining, merchandise sales, and additional service and infrastructure improvements.

The goals of the master plan were to:

• Become financially sustainable• Become one of the top fun, family-oriented, educationalregional attractions and destination choices in the Midwest• Enhance and continue to be recognized for wildlife and conservation efforts• Continue excellence in animal care

The strategies of the plan were defined as:

• Refocusing the brand• Strengthening the guest experience• Increasing revenues• Increasing operational efficiency• Strengthening animal collection core• Focusing on conservation

The impact of the Zoo Interchange Project also will be addressed.This major freeway project will impact the Zoo in a number ofways, most significant of which is the loss of approximately 700 visitor parking spaces.

Zoo staff continue to meet regularly with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (DOT) on the project and its impact on the Zoo.

Photo by Suvi S. Tory

Bonobo

6 M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O

Zoo Interchange ProjectThe Milwaukee County Zoo sits along a substantial stretch of free-way—to the west of downtown Milwaukee—appropriately namedthe Zoo Interchange. The reconstruction of the Zoo Interchangebegan in 2012, with major undertakings occurring in 2013. The entire project addresses this nine-mile freeway corridor leading to and through the actual interchange. As Wisconsin’s oldest andbusiest interchange, it fully opened to traffic in 1963 and has sincedeteriorated with age.

Several significant freeway ramp and bridge closures during the year affected how visitors arrived at the Zoo. Alternate routes and signage were implemented so as not to deter guestsfrom visiting. The closures detoured visitors to longer routes and longer drive times.

Also during the year, a new off-ramp from Highway 45 opened to Wisconsin Avenue, forcing traffic to be rerouted onto 97thstreet. Traffic lights were installed at the intersection of 97th street and Bluemound Road, immediately outside the Zoo’s entrance and exit drives. This new traffic pattern continues to impact traffic entering and exiting the Zoo, as well as to and from the Zoofari Conference Center.

There are major electrical utilities running along thesouth side of the Zoo. The planned reconstruc-tion of the Zoo Interchange requires thatthese utilities be relocated or buried. Theonly access to them is from the Zoo prop-erty. During the year, we had hundredsof cement and dump trucks, and scoresof semitrailers and cranes enteringand leaving the Zoo. We were re-quired to relocate phone, data andelectrical lines in order to link thenorth side of the Zoo with serviceareas south of Interstate 94.

As the project moves forward, amajor impact of the reconstruction will involve the loss of approximately700 visitor parking spaces. Discussionslate in the year included the constructionof an auxiliary Zoo entrance on an eight-acre parcel of Zoo-owned land, located on the northwest corner of the Zoo footprint. The new entrance includes a parking lot, able to accommodate 700 parking spaces.

This project will continue to require significant staff time; on average in 2013, there were at least four DOT meetings per week that Zoo staff attended.

Job Evaluation Questionnaires (JEQs)As previously mentioned, during the 2013 fiscal year, the county’sDepartment of Human Resources conducted a job analysis andevaluation project for each county job title.

All county departments, which include the Zoo, were asked tocomplete JEQs for each job title. The JEQ documents the duties,responsibilities and minimum qualifications of a job, and serves asthe fundamental document used in the job analysis and evaluationprocess to formally write job descriptions.

The project was accomplished within a four-phase approach, of which the Zoo complied, and included four process steps:

• Submit 2013 department organizational chart• Complete and submit JEQ for each active job• Compensation Division conducts formal analysis and evaluation of each active job

• Compensation Division shares findings and recommendations with department heads/directors

This project will continue into 2014, and the overall results will include:

• FLSA/EEO compliance• Appropriate classifications (job groups/titling)• New standardized job descriptions• Equitable/competitive pay system

Emergency Broadcast SystemIn 2013, the Zoo installed a new emergency

broadcast system that alerts guests of anemergency situation or severe weatheralert. In the past, visitors were madeaware of such situations throughon-site deputies from the sheriff’sdepartment and Zoo employees.Visitors are now alerted througha series of chimes followed by the specific emergencyannouncement.

Other HighlightsThroughout the year, the Zoocontinued to host temporaryexhibits and special events.Highlights included displaying

the summer exhibit Sting Ray &Shark Bay, sponsored by Sendik’s

Food Markets. Renovations continuedin our Black Bear Exhibit and construc-

tion of a special shade structure in our outdoor Elephant Exhibit.

The attraction and special event lineup included: Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea Lion Show sponsored by Supercuts; SkyTrail® Explorer Ropes Course; Zip Line & SkyTykes Ropes Course, sponsored by Tri City National Bank; Egg Day sponsored byWelch’s and Pick ’n Save; and Family Farm Weekend sponsored by the Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board.

Family FarmWeekend

Photoby Richard Brodzeller

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 7

2013 Special ExhibitSting Ray & Shark BaySponsored by Sendik’s Food MarketsDuring the summer, visitors were able to experience a unique in-teractive exhibit that put sting rays and sharks at their fingertips!Displayed in our Otto Borchert Family Special Exhibits Building,the aquatic display ran May 25 through Sept. 2.

A 14,000-gallon touch pool served as the centerpiece of the ex-hibit and featured cownose and southern sting rays, as well asbamboo and bonnethead sharks, all of which were nonaggressiveand harmless to touch. A number of horseshoe crabs also were

featured in the exhibit, which presented a sharp contrast to the sting rays and sharks.

Guests learned the best way to attract both the sting rays andsharks was to keep their hands still, and let the animals approach on their own. Food for the sting rays was available for purchase,allowing for an enticing way to attract these docile animals.

Sting Ray & Shark Bay cost $2 per person and offered an appealing way to meet sting rays and sharks without traveling to the tropics!

2013 Sting Ray & Shark Bay Special Exhibit

Cownose rays and bonnethead sharks

M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O8

2013 Animal Management and Health DivisionThe Animal Management and Health Division is responsible for the management, health, husbandry, propagation and exhibition of a large and diverse collection of animals; the design and operation of the associated facilities and exhibits; the support of and participation in conservation and research programs at the Zoo and around the world; and the enhancement of the public’s knowledge and appreciation of animals.

The division includes five major animal care areas: Reptiles and Aquaria, Primates and Small Mammals, Birds and Family Farm, Large Mammals, and Animal Health and Nutrition. In addition to the full-time animal care staff assigned to these areas, there are rovers—zookeepers trained in many animal areas that fill in as needed, and also night operations animal care staff. Staff also coordinate division operations, maintain detailed records and permits, and manage the Zoo library.

Animal Division CollectionsThe animal collections serve to enhance visitors’ knowledge and appreciation of animals, and to contribute to animal speciesconservation. Our front-line animal care staff devote more than100,000 hours each year toward the care of our animals.

On Zoo Grounds Species Specimens

Mammals 81 369

Birds 77 326

Reptiles 43 89

Amphibians 13 43

Fish 134 1,172

Invertebrates 24 725

TOTAL 372 2,724

Out on Loan Species Specimens

Mammals 16 40

Birds 8 13

Reptiles 7 8

Amphibians, Fish and Invertebrates 0 0

TOTAL 31 61

On Dec. 31, 2013, the Zoo animal collection included:

The animal collection owned by the Zoo and on loan to other zoological institutions included:

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) lists 25 of the species in our collection as endangered and five as threatened. Several of these species are critically endangered (on the brink of extinction in the wild) such as Amur tiger, Sumatran/Bornean hybrid orang-utan, southern black rhinoceros, cotton-top tamarinand western lowland gorilla.

In addition, Wisconsin lists one of our species as endan-gered in the state, and one species as threatened. Our collection also includes Guam kingfishers, which are extinct in the wild.

With such a large and diverse animal collection, there are a significant number of births, transfers and deathsevery year. The life expectancy of animals at our Zoo maygreatly exceed the life expectancy of animals in the wild.These life expectancies vary dramatically with species—small rodents and the giant Pacific octopus are old in twoyears, while swans can live for decades. Female lions areancient at 20 years of age, but our giant Amazon Riverturtle may be 100 years old. Animals are subject to thesame types of health conditions as humans, which may result in earlier deaths.

Staff members devote much thought and time toward enriching the lives of the Zoo animals. They provide men-tal and physical stimulation to the animals by varying their social structure, mixing compatible species together,changing habitats, o-ering interesting scents, providingmanipulation devices, engaging them in positive rein-forcement training, distributing food treats for foraging opportunities, and supplying toys and problem-solving reward devices.

Photo by Suvi S. Tory

Plumed basilisk

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 9

REPTILES AND AQUARIAAquatic and Reptile CenterIn 2013, there were four significant changes to the Aquatic and Reptile Center animal collection.

In February, we acquired a young Oustalet’s chameleon. They are known as the “yard-long chameleon,” as they can grow to be almost three feet long—the longest chameleon species in the world.

In May, we transferred our male leopard shark to another institu-tion, as he was approaching maturity, and we didn’t want him tobreed with the females.

Roti Island snake-necked turtles are one of 19 species of turtles included in the AZA Species Survival Plan® Programs. We ac-quired a breeding group of these turtles during the year, andshortly afterward, one of the females laid eggs, and one of thoseeggs successfully hatched after a 120-day incubation period. Thisturtle species has unfortunately been collected extensively for the pet trade, as they command high prices due to their status as a distinct, restricted-range endemic species. The species is now considered commercially extinct by Indonesian traders.

In December, our ancient king cobra Hannah died. She was 19 years and 6 months old at the time—one of the oldest king cobras on record. Because adult king co-bras are difficult to find, we acquired a small juvenile forthe collection. Too large for the juvenile, the Cobra Exhibit became the temporary home for a troop of black tree monitors.These arboreal cousins of the Komodo dragon put on quite a showfor visitors at feeding time.

BIRDS AND FAMILY FARMAviaryThe Aviary welcomed five new species in 2013, including chest-nut teal and masked lapwing. Red-billed leiothrix (known as Pekin robins) from Asia and Luzon bleeding heart dove from thePhilippines joined the red-crested cardinal that hails from SouthAmerica. These birds are all part of captive breeding programs in North American zoos and we’re excited for the possibilities of breeding them here as well.

We also welcomed some additional animals of species we al-ready display. Scarlet ibis, Inca terns, hottentot and marbled teal, Micronesian kingfisher, tawny frogmouths, Humboldt penguins, cape thick-knee, violaceous turaco, green-naped pheasant pigeon, and an oystercatcher all came to Milwaukee from other zoos throughout the country.

Our proudest additions are the chicks we raised this year: Gentoopenguins, crested wood partridges, Humboldt penguins, boat-billed herons, green-naped pheasant pigeons, red-billed hornbillsand bearded barbets. All were successfully raised, some by theirparents, and some by zookeepers, in our ongoing commitment to help secure these populations in North American zoos.

Many of these offspring have been distributed throughout thecountry and are already with new mates.

We continued to participate in avian conservation initiatives bysupporting zookeepers’ travel to Michigan to aid in the GreatLakes Piping Plover Recovery Program, and to Maryland to helpwith captive whooping crane rearing.

Our in-house migratory bird monitoring, feeding and bandingprogram also continued. We tested many different avian collision-abatement products throughout the park in an effort to find themost effective, cost-friendly and aesthetically pleasing methodsof reducing bird/window strikes in the Zoo. The winning applica-tions will be displayed during the upcoming year as we move toward the next level of reducing bird mortalities.

Kookaburra

M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O10

Black and white Holstein calf

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 11

Northwestern Mutual Family FarmThis was a big year for our cows at the farm, with six newcomers.Our three bull calves, Rocky the Jersey, Prince Alexander the Ayr-shire, and Sir Todd Charles the milking shorthorn joined the threeheifers, Maddie the red and white Holstein, Darcy the black andwhite Holstein and Ruby the Ayrshire from first-time mom Pearl.We also received another Superior Quality Award from ForemostFarms, USA. The award is given for superior quality milk producedduring the year.

In addition to the cows, we added a new mini Rex rabbit, Houdini,and an Arabian horse, Gypsy, to our collection. Both of these animals are used in our educational programming.

We continued efforts to complement the farm entrance with antique farm implements under the façade, visible to the public in spring 2014. We’re also working on the inside and outside of the Raptory Theater, making these areas more attractive and enjoyable for visitors. These areas are shared with the Kohl’s Wild Theater troupe and the World Bird Sanctuary Birds of Prey Show. Finally, we said goodbye to a longtime Zoo resident, Helga, our 15-year-old Scottish highland beef cow.

LARGE MAMMALSThe Large Mammal Sections of the Zoo include: Big Cat Country,North America/Australia, Pachyderm/Giraffe, and African/SouthAmerican Hoofstock/Camels.

In all of these areas, staff continue to manage an extensive animalcollection with a progressive training program using operant con-ditioning. Training the animals to cooperate willingly for healthexams, sample collections and husbandry procedures allows for an enriching and stress-free environment. Samples collected underthese conditions are used to determine normal biological parame-ters in exotic species, and also to monitor the overall animal healthand reproductive status.

Big Cat CountryThe highlight of the year in Big Cat Country was the exhibit debutof jaguar cubs B’alam and Zean. Parents Pat and Stella have beenreintroduced for breeding, and although the cubs had reachedadult size by December, they were still spending most of their time with Stella.

The Snow Leopard Exhibit also has a new resident. Our newestsnow leopard, Genghis, was introduced to female, Tomiris, in January. The pair bonded very quickly and remain together.

There were three dispositions in the area this year. In January, Njeri,the last of three lion cubs from 2011 to be shipped out, moved tothe Caldwell Zoo in Tyler, Texas, where she was paired with a youngmale lion to form a new pride. Damara the cheetah was humanelyeuthanized in April, followed by our elderly tiger, Kajmak, in May.Kajmak was born here, and lived to be almost 18 years old.

North America/AustraliaOur female Matschie’s tree kangaroo, Kiama, gave birth to her sixth offspring in December. If all goes well, the youngster will be seen in the Australia Exhibit peeking out of Kiama’s pouch in spring 2014. Kiama is one of the most prolific of her species in North America.

Wolf Awareness Day in October provided fun activities such as theannual howling contest, and opportunities for visitors to learn aboutthe history and recovery of Wisconsin’s timber wolf population.

The only change to the North America collection in 2013 was theunfortunate loss of Willie the polar bear. Willie was on temporaryloan from the North Carolina Zoo, but passed away in Octoberafter a brief illness. He was 28 years old.

Pachyderm/GiraffeThe big news in pachyderms in 2013 was the arrival of two youngfemale giraffes. Ziggy (born 2010) arrived in May from Disney’s Ani-mal Kingdom, and Marlee (born 2012) arrived in October from ZooMiami. When they are older, they’ll be potential breeding partnersfor our adult male, Bahatika.

There were two losses in the area this year: Boris, the oldestwarthog in Milwaukee County Zoo history, passed away in July at the age of 16; and Puddles, our 37-year-old hippo, died in August.

Elephant staff finished collecting data and completing husbandrysurveys for a research project titled Using Science to UnderstandZoo Elephant Welfare. This was a comprehensive nationwidestudy to determine the environmental and husbandry factors most important to elephant welfare. Results will be published in several reports in 2014.

Our jaguars, Zean and B’alam

Pho

to b

y Suvi S

. Tory

12 M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O

The fourth annual Elephant Awareness Day was a great success,providing visitors with activities and information about elephantsand raising funds for wild elephant conservation.

African and South American Hoofstock/CamelsSeveral births occurred in the hoofstock areas this year, starting in January with two female impala calves. The second calf, Ginger,was not properly cared for by her mother and was hand-raised byZoo staff. She returned to the herd in time for the spring exhibitseason. In July, a male greater kudu, Sam, was born to first-timeparents Barudi and Noeli. In August, we welcomed two healthy female alpaca crias, Sarita and Arica. Both will be staying with the herd indefinitely.

Another addition to the area was a young male red panda, Dash,who arrived in October. Dash came from the Granby Zoo in Quebecand will alternate exhibit time with our older male, Genghis. If theyseem to be compatible, we’ll attempt to exhibit them together.

Unfortunately, there were losses in the area as well. The adult malecamel, Moses, passed away in January, as did one of our older im-palas. Our female eland, Mavis, died in February. The only otherdisposition was the transfer of our year-old alpaca male, Gustavo, to a new home in Michigan.

PRIMATES AND SMALL MAMMALSApes of Africa, Primates of the World and Macaque IslandAs with all years, 2013 brought both the bitter and the sweet tothe Primate Section. In April, we lost our oldest bonobo, a femalenamed Kitty. Having been obtained in the wild in Africa, she wasone of the two oldest bonobos in captivity at an estimated age ofbetween 60 and 65 years. In her later years, Kitty was not onlyblind and almost totally deaf, but was prone to seizures. Despite

her challenges, she remained a vital component of our troop byproviding comfort and solace to those temporarily pushed out oftheir group for some social infraction and by remaining a solid role model and mentor to the other bonobos.

Although we may have lost Kitty, overall we gained in our bonobocollection. In February, we received a 9-year-old female, Lola, fromthe Columbus Zoo for breeding purposes. A few months later inMay, we welcomed our first bonobo birth of the year. It is the firstoffspring born to 13-year-old Elikia, who also is here on loan fromthe Columbus Zoo. Another on loan from the Columbus Zoo is 16-year-old Tamia, who produced her second infant in June. After a lapse of a couple of months, we welcomed two more healthy in-fants, one in November and one in December. Ten-year-old Deidregave birth to her first infant in November and 14-year-old Zomipresented her second youngster to us in December.

Due to our animal care staff members’ diligent work over the yearsusing positive reinforcement training techniques with our primates,we’ve been able to document fetal development by use of ultra-sonography on freely cooperating pregnant females. Four bonobopregnancies in 2013 provided the opportunity for Dr. BarbaraDrews, from the Max Planck Institute in Germany, to ultrasound the expectant mothers and gather vital information for her re-search protocol titled “Fetal Brain Development in Bonobos and Humans: an Ultrasonography Study.” Preliminary results of Dr. Drews’ research have shown some interesting correlations and differences between these two species.

Besides developmental research, the Zoo and the bonobos hosted two other sets of researchers focusing on bonobos’ cognitive capacities and brain usage. Over the years, our bonobos have presented themselves willingly for numerous noninvasive research projects.

Africanelephants

Red pandaPhoto by Suvi S. Tory

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Training also has allowed the continued volunteer participation of the bonobos, gorillas and orangutans in ongoing ultrasoundstudies and monitoring of heart health status.

Our Primates of the World building was relatively quiet in 2013,with no births, no deaths and no transfers in or out. But there wasquite a significant and remarkable phenomenon that is still unfold-ing—the emergence of our adult male orangutan, Thomas O, fromhis introverted and skeptical shell. By year’s end, he had becomemuch more trusting and significantly more social with our female,MJ. This transformation has been due in large part to the efforts of volunteer Scott Engel and his use of iPads®. By working withThomas O and MJ on a regular basis, showing them videos ofthemselves, other orangutans and a multitude of other subjects,Engel was able to learn their interests, and to enrich and enliventheir lives. The change in Thomas O has been dramatic, and we’reextremely appreciative of Engel’s efforts.

On Macaque Island, two of our aged Japanese macaques died,which reduced our current population down to six. With fewJapanese macaques available in the United States, we have started the groundwork for acquiring an additional group fromJapan—two males would come from one zoo and four femalesfrom another.

Small MammalsThe Small Mammal Section was quite busy with transfers in, trans-fers out, and unfortunately, deaths. January began on a sombernote with the deaths of two monkeys. The first was our maledouroucouli, or owl monkey, Jim How, at age 22 years of kidney disease. Our second loss was Esperanza, an 8-year-old female Callimico, or Goeldi’s monkey, due to congestive heart failure. Responding quickly, the Callimico SSP® identified a new female to be paired with Esperanza’s mate, Nino. In July, the new female,

Nieve, arrived from the Brandywine Zoo in Wilmington, Delaware,and was well received by Nino. We have not been successful infinding a new mate for our female douroucouli, as the species isrelatively rare in zoos. We will continue to seek companionship of some sort for her until a male is available.

With the weather warming in May, we were able to send two female cotton-top tamarins to the Abilene Zoo in Texas. Augustbrought a couple of significant losses—Oscar, a 22-year-old red-ruffed lemur and Mumbi, a 16-year-old springhaas. Captivelongevity for red-ruffed lemurs is 19 to 20 years and for springhaas15 to 17 years. We feel both lived a good life and they are missed.August also saw the transfer of a young male golden lion tamarin to the Lincoln Children’s Zoo in Nebraska.

September brought additional animal shipments, both sendingand receiving, all on the same day. First, members of our staffdrove to the Henson Robinson Zoo in Springfield, Illinois, wherethey met Dickerson Park Zoo staff from Springfield, Missouri, to receive two female sugar gliders, destined to be companions forour lone female sugar glider. At the same time, other members ofour staff were shipping a young male golden lion tamarin by air tothe Panama City Beach Zoo in Florida, to be paired with a femalefor breeding.

October was a busy month as well. First, we traded female three-banded armadillos with the Cleveland Zoo for breeding purposes.This was followed by the arrival of a female dwarf mongoose,Annie, to be a companion for our female. She came to us from theNational Zoo in Washington, D.C. Unbeknownst to us at the time,she is a sister of our female, Oakley. This may partially explain whythey seem to be so compatible with each other. At the end of themonth, we sent our two hand-raised fennec fox brothers to theWildlife Conservation Society/Bronx Zoo in New York, for breedingand educational programs.

Orangutan,Thomas O

Cotton-top tamarin

Photo by Suvi S. Tory

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In October, we lost our beloved 4-year-old black-footed cat, Josie,to kidney disease. It seems that this disease is more prevalent insome genetic lineages of this cat species than in others, and somedie at a relatively young age. November saw the death of our fe-male two-toed sloth, Sweet Pea. She was estimated to be 35 yearsold, came to the Zoo in 1982, proved herself to be a good mother,and was a special individual to all who worked with her.

The year ended with the death of another dear friend, Starbuck, a straw-colored fruit bat. He was born here in 1996, hand-raisedafter being abandoned by his mother, and lived with his compan-ion, Apollo. Starbuck helped educate our guests about the true nature and benefits of bats.

ANIMAL HEALTH & NUTRITIONAnimal Health CenterThe veterinary staff at the Animal Health Center manages themedical care, preventive health programs and the nutrition programs of the Zoo’s entire animal collection.

Some of the procedures performed in 2013 included: 402 anes-thetic procedures; 616 blood samples collected for a variety ofanalyses; 1,171 parasite exams run on 583 samples; 1,809 writtenprescriptions; 276 radiographic procedures, including 6 CT scans;and 3,071 medical record entries for 553 individual animals representing 217 species.

On average, each day of the year there were nine animals in theAnimal Health Center. Many were those kept in quarantine beforereleasing them to the main zoological collection. These included a new male red panda, a female bonobo, two Humboldt pen-guins, two tawny frogmouths, four chestnut teals, an Oustalet’schameleon, a royal ball python, and a Roti Island snake-necked turtle. During the quarantine exam, we found the turtle had formed eggs. It later laid the eggs, one of which hatched. Otherhospital residents were being treated for a variety of illnesses, or held for shipment or management purposes.

We also provided quarantine space for a new sea lion pup ownedby Oceans of Fun. The sea lion pup used our special cold roomwith a pool. This enabled it to stay acclimated to cooler tempera-tures and practice swimming. Once acclimated to its new trainers,Oceans of Fun introduced a companion sea lion of about the sameage, and the two resided in one of the hospital’s wards with a poolthat easily accommodated both animals.

The Animal Health Center is a renowned zoo veterinary medicineteaching hospital. Programs include two clinical zoo medicine resi-dencies and a zoo pathology fellowship program funded by theZoological Society. Both are conducted in collaboration with theUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine.

The three-year clinical residency program provides specialty train-ing in zoo and exotic animal medicine. The residents alternate their time at the Zoo, and the program has expanded the time residents spend at the Zoo from four months a year to six months.This increases the amount of training they receive in a zoological

setting. In 2013, we had two residents, one in her third and finalyear, and one that began her first year in July.

The pathology fellowship is a three-year program that offers specialized training to pathologists interested specifically in zoo and exotic animal pathology, and provides us with information crucial to managing our collection. Our sixth pathology fellow,since the program’s 1997 inception, began in July following twoyears in a general pathology residency program at the University of Tennessee.

The veterinary staff also conduct a Zoological Medicine ExternProgram for veterinary students, spending between four to eightweeks at the Zoo. Three veterinary students completed the extern-ship in 2013. Externs from the past 10 years are now serving asveterinarians at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, Lincoln ParkZoo, Lowry Park Zoo and the Seattle Aquarium.

Animal CommissaryAlmost the entire Animal Division participates in providing nutri-tional and appropriate feedings to our large and diverse animalcollection. This ranges from tons of hay for our elephants eachyear to sips of microscopic brine-shrimp soup for our jellyfish.Most of these foodstuffs pass through the Animal Commissary,where the incoming items are tested and checked for quality, temporarily stored, and then distributed throughout the Zoo. Each animal or animal group requires a specific menu of items prepared and presented at appropriate locations and times of day. For example, in the Aviary kitchen more than 100 separate diet-mixture dishes are prepared daily for the birds.

In 2013, more than 200 types of food were purchased with an annual food budget of $580,000. A few examples include: 225tons of hay, 31,000 crickets, 5 tons of carrots, 4 tons of frozen herring, 10 tons of bananas, 6 tons of bear-diet pellets, almost11 tons of beef feline-diet mix and more than 7,000 eggs.

SUPPORT OPERATIONSAnimal RecordsRecords have been kept for the tens of thousands of individual animals that have been managed in our collection since the Milwaukee County Zoo opened in 1892. Today, AZA-accredited zoos keep very detailed up-to-date records for each animal,telling its life story from birth to death. Identifying characteristics or marks, all background information, measurements, behavior,breeding management, enclosure information, behavioral enrich-ment, training, diet/feeding, development, and medical notes and procedures are included in the animal’s record.

All of the information that the animal care staff observe is reporteddaily to the registrar, who records the information electronically in a database called Zoological Inventory Management System(ZIMS). In 2013, the Zoo added 15,101 entries into this database.

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The Milwaukee County Zoo Library and Archive

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The Zoological Inventory Management System is the largest globalanimal management network in the world. The central databasecontains information on 2.8 million animals—more than 10,000species—held in more than 800 institutions in 80 countries, as well as some animals in the wild that are participants in release and relocation projects. More than 20,000 zoo, aquarium and conservation professionals worldwide use the information contained in ZIMS for conservation programs.

Animal medical information is vital to the care of the animal collection. The Medical Animal Records Keeping System, known as MedARKS, is used to create a detailed medical record for each animal, and includes clinical notes and information regard-ing prescriptions, treatments, cryo-preservation records andnecropsy details.

Regulatory AgenciesThe Zoo partners with the USFWS, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, the Milwaukee Area Domestic Animal Control Center and otheragencies. We provide these agencies with expertise and assis-tance toward the conservation and protection of animals in the wild and in captivity.

The Zoo complies with regulations and permit requirements of in-ternational treaties, and national and state laws regarding animalconservation, management, care, health and safety. Examples ofpermits received by the Zoo in 2013 include:

International:Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species import permit (CITES)

National:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Captive Bred Wildlife permitMigratory Bird Special Purpose permitDepredation permitNative Endangered Species Recovery permit

U.S. Department of AgricultureExhibitor permitPlant Pests, Noxious Weed, Soil Movement permit

U.S. Department of the InteriorMarine Mammal Protection Act permit

State of Wisconsin:DNR Depredation permit (Canada goose and eggs)DATCP Johne’s Disease-Free Herd classificationDATCP Chronic Wasting Disease-Free Herd classification

Library and ArchiveThe Milwaukee County Zoo Library and Archive is a research library that provides information resources to staff of the Milwau-kee County Zoo, the Zoological Society of Milwaukee, Zoo Pridevolunteers and to the public. A professional librarian manages the library with assistance from a team of 15 Zoo Pride volunteers.

The library collection includes books and academic/scientific peri-odicals in the following subject areas: zoological science; animalhusbandry; management of animals in captivity; animal behavior;animal nutrition; veterinary medicine; wildlife conservation; birds;fishes; invertebrates; mammals; reptiles and amphibians; aquariummanagement; aquatic life; horticulture; zoological gardens; historyof zoological science; zoo administration; and zoo, aquarium andmuseum exhibits.

Our Zoo has the largest collection of zoo ephemera in the United States. The library collects ephemeral materials from U.S. and foreign zoos and aquariums. The library also has a number of animal-themed artworks, including prints, sculptures and paintings.

The library archive preserves materials crucial to the history of the Milwaukee County Zoo and of zoos in the United States. These materials are housed in a climate-controlled environment for preservation purposes. The collection includes photos, slides,DVDs, VHS cassettes, 16mm films, historic postcards, personal papers, veterinary records and Zoo historical records on paper and microfiche.

2013 highlights:• Completion of the campaign to professionally repair and con-

serve Ernest Untermann’s “African Waterhole” painting. From1935 to 1940, Untermann was the director of our Zoo, located at the time in Washington Park. This painting is the only re-maining example of Untermann’s artwork on Zoo grounds.Funds to conserve the painting included a grant from the Wisconsin Federation of Museums and private donations. The library displays this restored painting.

• Provided research assistance to students from Carroll University’s Behavioral Ecology course and hosted the poster session at which students shared the results of their research with staff and volunteers.

Conservation, Research and Propagation ProgramsIn 2013, the Zoo managed and/or contributed to diverse conserva-tion, research and propagation programs at local, regional, nationaland international levels. The senior animal staff, including specialtycurators, staff veterinarians and the deputy Zoo director, develop,implement and manage these programs. Front-line staff also actively manage and participate in many of these programs. Coll-aborative efforts with other conservation-oriented institutions and agencies are essential to the effectiveness of these efforts.

In addition to the commitment of Zoo resources and the resourcesof collaborating institutions, significant funding came from Zootrust funds and the Zoological Society.

Conservation and Research Program Collaborative SupportThe Zoo provides funding and/or staff support to selected conservation initiatives and research projects. Highlights for support in 2013 include:

IUCN Conservation Breeding Specialist Group Global

Turtle Survival Program Global

Polar Bears International Pan-Arctic

International Elephant Foundation Africa and Asia

International Rhino Foundation Africa and Asia

Ape TAG Conservation Initiative Africa and Asia

Great Ape Survival Partnership Africa and Asia

Phoenix Fund Amur Tiger Project Russia

International Snow Leopard Trust Nepal

Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program Papua New Guinea

Orangutan Outreach Borneo and Sumatra

Hornbill Nestbox Adoption Thailand

Fennec Fox Conservation Project North Africa

Bonobo and Congo Biodiversity Initiative Democratic Republic of Congo

Lola Ya Bonobo – Bonobo sanctuary Democratic Republic of Congo

Virunga Park Protection Project Democratic Republic of Congo

Tarangire Elephant Project Tanzania

Kibale Fuel Wood Project Uganda

Berggorilla and Regenwald Direkthilfe Gorilla Project Rwanda

Adopt an Ostrich Program/Sahara Conservation Fund Niger

Elephants for Africa Botswana

Cheetah Conservation Botswana

Egyptian Vulture Migration Study Djibouti

Madagascar Fauna Group Madagascar

Grenada Frog Study Grenada

Grenada Bank Treeboa Study Grenada

Grenada Coral Reef Study Grenada

Leatherback Turtle Study – Ocean Spirits Grenada

Rock Iguana Conservation Jamaica

Rock Iguana Conservation Grand Cayman

Panamanian Golden Frog SSP Panama

Whooping Crane Recovery Project National

AZA Elephant Welfare Project National

Piping Plover Recovery Project Great Lakes

Ornate Box Turtle Headstart Program Wisconsin

Butler’s Garter Snake Ecology Wisconsin

Herp Fund – WIDNR Wisconsin

Migratory and Resident Avifauna Study Zoo

Starhead Topminnow Spawning Research Zoo

Mississippi Gopher Frog Management Zoo

Great Ape Heart Project International

Milwaukee Ape Heart Project Zoo

Great Ape Cardiovascular Disease Study Zoo

Great Ape Ultrasound Studies Zoo

Bonobo Cardiovascular Database Zoo

Great Ape Cognition Studies Zoo

The Zoo also provides funding for collaborative conservation and research initiatives, including:

Avian Scientific Advisory Group

Penguin Taxon Advisory Group

Great Apes Taxon Advisory Group

Great Apes Survival Partnership

International Species Inventory System

AZA Wildlife Contraception Center

Partners in Reptile and Amphibian Conservation

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Blackrhinoceros

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Grenada Coral Reef StudyIn 2009, our research efforts in the Caribbean expanded to thesurrounding ocean, as we joined the Wisconsin Lutheran College’sreef monitoring program in Grenada. The purpose of this project is to compare the long-term health of the coral reefs found inGrenada’s marine protected areas with other areas that receive no protection. We hope to demonstrate the economic benefits ofprotected areas to the tourist industry and fishing communities of Grenada.

In June of 2013, data from the first four years of this project werepresented by Wisconsin Lutheran College students at the meetingof the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean in Jamaica. This is the sixth year for this ongoing study. Fishermenhave reported the fish caught just outside of the protected area’sboundary are larger and more numerous than in the past.

Grenada Frog StudyThe Grenada frog was once widespread on the island nation ofGrenada. During the late 1880s, a related frog species, Johnstone’sfrog, was introduced. Since that time, Johnstone’s frog has spreadthroughout the island and the Grenada frog has retreated to smallisolated pockets (seven square miles) in the mountain rainforests.

In 2004, the Zoo, the Milwaukee Public Museum, and the GrenadaForestry and National Parks Department initiated a field study to determine if these two species can successfully coexist. In February of 2009, we noted the numbers of frogs observed haddropped for a third consecutive year. As a result, frogs were sam-pled to determine if they were carrying the deadly frog-killing fungus called chytrid. Unfortunately, the fungus was found at all of the sampling sites. Chytrid could lead to the extinction of theGrenada frog.

The Zoo and its collaborators began to develop a ConservationAction Plan for the frog in 2010. In 2011, it appeared that the frogpopulations in Grenada had stabilized and in 2012 they seemed to be rebounding. Data from 2013, however, seem to indicate thatboth frog species may be experiencing a second wave of decline.Continued monitoring is necessary to verify this observation.

Rock Iguana Conservation ProjectsThe Zoo and the Zoological Society have supported rock iguanaconservation in the genus Cyclura since 1995. In 2003, this supportincreased with the addition of fieldwork studies of the Grand Cayman blue iguana and Jamaican iguana.

Blue iguanas are one of the most endangered lizard species in theworld. A 2003 census indicated there might have been as few as12 Grand Cayman blue iguanas in the wild. Because of the effortsof several zoos, including ours, the population is now estimated to

number more than 200.The Jamaican iguana,once thought to be ex-tinct in the wild, is stillvery much in peril.

The Zoo has participated in thefieldwork for these collaborative efforts, resulting in successful releases of captive-hatched, raised-and-released iguanas back into thewilds of Grand Cayman and Jamaica. Also, through observationsand radio tracking, data have been collected for the first time onthe habits of these rare species from both raised-and-releasediguanas and free-ranging wild individuals.

In 2013, the Zoo sent a zookeeper to survey blue iguanas on one of the Grand Cayman Islands. Additionally, a veterinary technicianwas sent to assist in the health screening of the iguanas. She hasbeen assisting the veterinary staff of the Wildlife Conservation Society with iguana health screenings since 2009. More fieldwork is scheduled, and we’ll be sending additional staff to assist field-workers with nest monitoring and protection, health screenings,and radio tracking. Staff also assist with the maintenance of iguana raise-and-release facilities.

Zoo personnel have been involved with Jamaican iguana conser-vation since 2002. During the nesting season, usually early June,wild iguanas are monitored at known nest sites. Nesting femalesare observed and individually identified. Once they have laid theirclutch, the iguanas are captured for health screening. In early September, 95 days after nesting, the hatching season begins.Each newly hatched iguana is weighed, measured, sexed, transpon-dered, has blood collected, and is released or taken to Jamaica’sHope Zoo for headstarting. In 2013, more than 300 hatchlingswere processed, an increase of 30 percent from 2012.

Grenada Bank Treeboa StudySince 2004, the Zoo has been working with Bob Henderson (Milwaukee Public Museum Curator Emeritus) on a Grenada Bank treeboa demographics project. In 2010 we also began collabora-tion with E. Marie Rush, DVM, and St. George’s University, Grenada.Her project encompasses demographics, ecto- and endoparasiteidentification, and baseline blood parameters. Future studies alsowill include DNA analysis of pooled blood samples to identify subpopulations of the species.

Mississippi Gopher Frog HoldingThe Mississippi gopher frog is the most endangered frog species in the country, only found in one pond. Population estimates rangefrom 100 to 200 individuals. The Mississippi Gopher Frog SSPgroup sent out a plea for zoos to take and hold 20 to 25 frogs in

Zoo Staff Conservation and Research ProjectsZoo staff participate in wildlife conservation and research projects at local, regional and international levels. Many of the Zoo staff projects listed below were made possible with funding from the Zoological Society of Milwaukee.

Grenada Bank treeboaPhoto by Craig Berg

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order to make room for additional founders by SSP participantswho breed the frogs. There were surpluses by the SSP and USFWSbecause one lab found the collection was riddled with a fungaldisease (dermomycoides). Since that time, three other labs havefound no indications of the disease. However, the positive resultrenders the animals, and their progeny, unfit for reintroduction.

The SSP requested that institutions take on 20 to 25 frogs andhold them for six to 12 months until new homes were found. Be-cause they are surplus to the program, these animals do not need to be kept in biosecure holding areas and could be exhibited oradopted by the receiving institution.

These frogs were housed and cared for in quarantine in the Primates of the World building to ensure these animals werehealthy before introducing them to our collection. Unfortu-nately, mycobacteria were discovered in the group here, so the remaining animals were euthanized.

Ornate Box Turtle Headstart ProgramIn 2013, the Zoo raised 24 endangered ornate box turtles to be released into a wild prairie remnant in southcentral Wisconsin. In1996 and 1997, the Zoo developed raise-and-release proceduresfor this highly successful program of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. During a single winter at the Zoo, these tur-tles may grow from a one-third ounce hatchling to as much as fiveounces. In the wild, it may take as long as seven years to reach thissize, at which time they are practically predator-proof.

The Racine Zoo also participates in this program, and the NatureConservancy has adopted its protocols to help increase ornate boxturtle populations in its Wisconsin reserves. As of June 2013, morethan 1,000 turtles were released. Of these, our Zoo raised 336 tur-tles. This completes the last year for this program as DNR supportis no longer available.

Butler’s Garter Snake Ecology StudiesThe Butler’s garter snake is a species restricted to southeasternWisconsin, the most heavily developed portion of the state. In2007, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources brought together developers, landowners, the Zoo and other conservationorganizations to develop a management plan for this species. As a result of this plan and several years of intensive study, theButler’s garter snake is slated for down listing from its status as a threatened species.

However, the plan identified numerous gaps in our knowledge. As aresult, the Zoo joined with Milwaukee’s Urban Ecology Center (UEC)at Riverside Park to seek answers to several questions. What is thedispersal distance of the snakes? What is the population density ofthe snakes in Riverside Park? How fast do they grow?

These studies involve tracking, finding and capturing snakes andmarking them for individual identification. Hundreds of hours werespent on this research in 2013. The Curator of Reptiles and Aquariacontinues involvement in the program as scientific adviser for the UEC.

Starhead Topminnow BreedingStarhead topminnows are an endangered fish species in Wiscon-sin. Although there have been a few cases of successful captive reproduction in the private sector, there are no reports of breedingin zoos or aquariums. Several pairs were collected in July 2007with the intent of developing spawning techniques that could beused by the Wisconsin DNR should a captive breeding programbecome a necessity. One or two pairs have been collected eachyear since in order to maintain the genetic diversity of the Zoo’scaptive population. Fishes from this program have been sent tothe UEC and other aquariums and nature centers for display.

Piping Plover Recovery ProjectEach year, our Zoo sends Aviary staff members to assist USFWSbiologists in Michigan with the monitoring of active nests and therearing of abandoned piping plover eggs and chicks. These eggsand chicks are brought in to the University of Michigan BiologicalField Station and are hatched for re-release into the wild. These ac-tivities support the long-term commitment by the Zoo concerningthe conservation of the piping plover.

The Great Lakes population of the piping plover was listed as endangered in 1986 with only 17 nesting pairs. Its decline is attrib-uted to habitat loss and degradation due to the encroachment of humans on its nesting environment: beaches, inland lakes andrivers. Nest disturbance and predation, largely due to the pres-ence of humans, also has contributed to the population’s steadydecline. Zoo staff has participated in the development of captivehusbandry protocols and designated research projects to benefit wild populations of the species.

Piping plover

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In 2010, there were more than 60 pairs of nesting plovers that produced 93 fledged wild chicks, and an additional 14 chicks werereared and released. In 2011, there were 58 nests that were occu-pied by 55 pairs of birds that fledged 71 chicks. There also were 16 chicks captive-raised and released from 30 eggs brought to thestation and an additional six chicks that were assisted to fledging. In 2012, 64 nests were recorded, 58 breeding pairs (four more than2011) that produced 193 chicks that hatched in the wild. Of these,103 had fledged as of the last report, with another 25 still pending.Six chicks were captive-reared and released as well. In 2013, therewere 76 nests, 66 breeding pairs that produced 223 eggs and 112 fledged chicks at last update, with 18 more potentially dueto fledge. Also, nine chicks were captive-reared and released.

Migratory and Resident Avifauna StudySince 2001, Zoo staff and volunteers have continued to mist-netand leg-band wild birds on Zoo grounds to determine the num-bers and species that use our grounds as a stopover site duringmigration. To date, the team has identified 181 species of native migratory birds. Of these identified species, 44 are listed as rare,threatened or of special concern in Wisconsin, and 45 have beenidentified as nesting on Zoo grounds. Because of these remarkablefindings, the Wisconsin DNR has designated the Zoo as a recog-nized migratory bird stopover habitat. In addition, bird-bandingdemonstrations are conducted each year during the Zoo’s specialconservation event, Party for the Planet, in which visitors can observe the banding process and actually release birds. In 2013, a hummingbird study began with hummingbird feeders being installed on the grounds.

Wild Bird Collision AbatementZoo and Society staff plus volunteers are involved with minimizingthe amount of injury and mortality associated with bird-windowcollisions by actively modifying existing structures to mitigatestrikes. By applying stencils, striping, silhouettes and decals, as wellas using netting and better planting practices, the number of bird-related mortalities as a result of window collisions has decreased. In 2013, various materials were applied on selected windows at the Zoo to allow us to evaluate the appearance, effectiveness anddurability of window-collision prevention measures.

Migratory Bird SupportThe Zoo and Society also are committed to educating the commu-nity about migratory birds by placing several different types offeeders throughout the Zoo, and planting native species of plantsthat provide cover and food for migratory birds. Bird feedersplaced next to the Dall Sheep Exhibit, as well as next to the PeckWelcome Center boardwalk serve as examples of what people cando to help migratory birds in their own backyards. Nest boxes areplaced around Lake Evinrude for bluebird, chickadee, house wrenand tree swallow nesting. Chickadees and tree swallows havefledged from these boxes.

Whooping Crane ConservationThe Zoo assists the International Crane Foundation (ICF) andUSFWS with whooping crane recovery by acting as a medical care location for injured whooping cranes that were part of the release program.

The Whooping Crane Recovery Program is responsible for bringingthe number of wild cranes back from a low of 16 individuals in the1940s, to a total of more than 500 individuals collectively in cap-tivity and in the wild. The ICF uses donated funds to aid in thecaptive-rearing, release and management of wild cranes as well asdeveloping new release techniques to bolster the existing popula-tion. The ICF also presents outreach programs to educate the public on the plight of the cranes as well as conducts studies onnontoxic alternatives to controlling sandhill crane depredation on crops.

In 2006, a juvenile whooping crane with a broken wing had beendeemed unreleasable by the USFWS. The crane, Torch, was receivedby the Zoo for veterinary care and display. An exhibit was createdfor Torch at our Wong Family Pheasantry to house this bird afterthe injury healed. Zoo patrons can learn his story as well as get thefull history of the Crane Recovery Program through signage nearhis exhibit.

In 2008, a juvenile female whooping crane, Tiki, was brought tothe Zoo as a companion for Torch. Tiki hatched from an egg laid in the wild but artificially incubated. She was raised in Patuxent,Maryland, before traveling back to Necedah, Wisconsin, to be partof the Autumn Release Program. Injuries sustained from anothercrane during flight training rendered Tiki unreleasable.

Tiki and Torch have been successfully introduced to each other, andwe hope the pair may someday contribute to the captive breedingprogram either by breeding or serving as surrogate parents.

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In 2012 and 2013, the Zoo and the Zoological Society providedfunds for a zookeeper to learn more about the handling, restraint,hand-rearing and general husbandry practices used by a USFWSfacility in Patuxent, Maryland; the world’s most successful breederof whooping cranes.

Humboldt Penguin Conservation and ResearchThe Zoo has a long and storied history with the conservation ofHumboldt penguins in their native range, which is restricted to the coasts of Peru and Chile. In 1994, the Zoo initiated a long-termresearch program to study a breeding colony of Humboldt pen-guins in Algarrobo, Chile. Several journal articles and publicationsrelated to this study and the captive management of penguinswere completed in 2013.

Milwaukee Ape Heart Project: Gene Analysis for ARVC in BonobosApe heart pathology studies conducted in 2013 identified arrhyth-mogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in a bonobo. In humans, ARVC can be inheritable and causes replacement ofthe normal heart muscle with fatty tissue in the right ventricle,leading to heart disease, fatal arrhythmias and early death. We areworking with Dr. Matteo Vatta, Director of the Cardiovascular Ge-netics Section of the Molecular Genetics Diagnostic Laboratory at Indiana University, to search this bonobo’s DNA for potentialgenetic mutations known to cause this heart condition in humansand other animals. Genetic analysis is currently under way. If ge-netic mutations are identified in this bonobo, a genetic founder of the captive population, its offspring and other founders also will be screened for these genes.

Great Ape Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease The most common cause of mortality in captive great apes is en-largement of the left ventricle of the heart due to replacement ofthe normal heart muscle with fibrotic scar tissue. In humans, thischange is most often related to hypertension, also known as highblood pressure.

For years, the Zoo has been working at training bonobos for voluntary participation in allowing indirect blood pressure meas-urements to be collected from awake animals. Currently, severalbonobos are allowing blood pressure measurements to be collectedusing finger cuffs. Our Zoo is the first to document hypertension in an awake animal and to prove that treatment with oral bloodpressure medications results in lowering of blood pressure andlessening of heart enlargement.

Our Zoo has been performing ultrasonic heart examinations onapes for more than 20 years and pioneered the use of ultrasonicheart examination in voluntarily participating apes. We performedthe first awake echocardiograms in bonobos and have champi-oned this technique, sharing videos with other zoos to encouragetraining bonobos under their care. Voluntary participation with theechocardiograms by the bonobos allows for earlier detection ofheart disease, since animals don’t need to be anesthetized for theprocedure. It also allows for better follow-up of bonobos with heartdisease, and of those who are receiving medication as treatment.

The Bonobo Cardiovascular Database is housed at the Zoo and is an integral partner of the Great Ape Heart Project. The staff of the Bonobo Cardiovascular Database review and report on all bonobo echocardiograms performed in North America, and in 2013 received requests to review heart examinations from bonobos housed in Europe.

Great Ape ResearchFor many years, the Zoo has provided researchers with access toour great apes. Positive-reinforcement training by Zoo staff has resulted in the willing participation of our bonobos, gorillas andorangutans in groundbreaking studies regarding health, cognition,tool use and behavior. The apes can leave the research area when-ever they wish, but almost always respond positively to attention,praise and the challenge of solving puzzles. In 2013, great ape research was conducted in collaboration with researchers from:

• University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin

• Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

• Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium• University of St. Andrews, Scotland, UK• Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany• Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana• Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia• Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia• Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

Party for the Planet (left and right)

Animal Awareness Days – Wolf and ElephantTwo zookeeper-driven events were held at the Zoo in 2013 toshowcase their species and educate the public on captive care as well as conservation needs in the wild. Zoo staff and Zoo Pridevolunteers helped with the events. Elephant Awareness Day washeld Sept. 15 and Wolf Awareness Day on Oct. 13. Both events in-cluded activities and opportunities for behind-the-scene tours ofthe facilities, zookeeper talks and the distribution of materials onrelated conservation organizations. Visitors were encouraged toconserve these species, and to learn about the other species andthe ecosystems that are important to sustain wild populations.Funds raised at Elephant Awareness Day were donated to theInternational Elephant Foundation and Elephants for Africa.

In-house Luncheon Fundraisers – Rhino and GorillaIn 2013, there were two Zoo-wide luncheon fundraisers—Cinco de Rhino and Grillin’ for Gorillas. Staff and volunteers donatedfood items for these in-house luncheons. Tickets were sold to staff and volunteers, and funds raised by the luncheons werematched by Zoo conservation funds, and all proceeds were do-nated to the International Rhino Foundation and the Virunga Park Protection Project.

Orangutan Conservation FundraiserIn 2013, two Zoo events, public donations and the Zoo conservationfund all contributed to support orangutan conservation. MissingOrangutan Mothers (MOM) is a very popular annual event held inthe Primates of the World building that focuses on the plight oforangutans in the wild. These funds for orangutan conservationwere donated to Orangutan Outreach.

Polar Bears International Arctic AmbassadorSince 2008, the Zoo has been an Arctic Ambassador Center forPolar Bears International (PBI). In 2013, Zoo employees were in-volved in several greenhouse gas reduction programs to help save“the great white bear” from extinction. As winners of the nation-wide Bike Commute Challenge, eight staff members rode theirbikes nearly 450 miles over the course of the summer. Zoo em-ployees and volunteers raised funds for PBI’s Trees for You and Meprogram. Additionally, 200 new trees were planted by volunteersand visitors on the grounds as part of PBI’s Acres for the Atmos-phere project and the Zoo cohosted the second annual Cycle forChange bike ride from Chicago to Milwaukee. In October, one ofour zookeepers spent two weeks in Churchill, Canada, as a PBI In-Field Ambassador to educate tourists about reducing their carbon footprint.

American Association of Zookeepers/Milwaukee ChapterThe mission of the American Association of Zookeepers (AAZK) is to advance excellence in the animal-keeping profession, foster effective communication beneficial to animal care, support deserving conservation projects and promote the preservation of our natural resources and animal life.

Zookeepers at the Zoo established the Milwaukee AAZK Chapter(MAAZK) in 1975. Currently the MAAZK chapter includes membersfrom both the Milwaukee County Zoo and the Racine Zoo. Officersand members volunteer time to oversee fundraising events, manyof which take place on Zoo grounds. In addition, the MAAZK chapter hosts the Zoo’s in-house Lunchtime Lecture series. In2013, the MAAZK chapter conducted several fundraising events and donated the monies raised to conservation projects and organizations, including:

• Jamaica Iguana Foundation• Trees for You and Me• Cycle for Change Bike Ride• Conservation Canine Program• Lewa Conservanc y• Actions for Cheetahs• International Rhino Foundation

Additional Conservation EffortsThere are numerous examples of Zoo staff, Zoological Society staff, Zoo Pride volunteers and other associates working outside their normal duties to voluntarily support conservation efforts around the world. A few examples from 2013:

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Timberwolf

Photo by Richard Brodzeller

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 23

Other Research and Studies The Zoo assists in many scientific studies and collaborative re-search projects by providing facilities, staff expertise, data and anenvironment conducive to animal studies. The Zoo Research Com-mittee reviews all research proposals to ensure the welfare of theanimals is protected. Studies that the Zoo conducted, collaboratedwith, participated in or that were published in 2013 include:

• Grenada frog observations in the field and captivity: conservation implications

• Gene analysis in a bonobo with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

• Cognition in bonobos as it relates to human cognition• Measurements of hormone levels for reproductive management of hippos

• Fetal brain development in bonobos and humans: an ultrasonographic study

• Age-related changes in thyroid hormone levels of bonobos• Evidence of philopatry and natal dispersal in Humboldt penguins• Using science to understand zoo elephant welfare• Metacestode infection in a juvenile Bornean orangutan• Laterality in noncommunicative behaviors in captive bonobos• Nutrient loading from hippos and their effect on river ecosystem function

• Comparing chimpanzee and bonobo communication and neurobiology

• Conservation genetics of African and Asian rhinoceroses• Immunocontraception of female ovids and caprids• Differentiating notch marks made on bones by hyenas from those made by humans

• Compressive myelopathy and bladder atony in a male snow leopard

• Artificial burrows to improve the breeding success of Humboldt penguins in Chile

• Evaluating the conservation value of worldwide zoological institutions

• Histological evaluation of tree kangaroo reproductive tissues

The Zoo also maintains a storage library of frozen or preservedblood, biopsy tissue and necropsy tissue samples, all of which are available for approved research projects upon request.

Presentations/PublicationsThe Animal Division staff deliver more than 1,000 formal presenta-tions and innumerable informal presentations to the visiting publicevery year. In addition, Zoo staff develop programs, publish articlesand research papers, and deliver presentations locally, regionallyand internationally to contribute to conservation efforts.

Western lowland

gorilla

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Barbet, BeardedBoa, Virgin Islands (Caya Diablo)Boa, Virgin Islands (St. Thomas)Cichlid, Lake Victoria – IshameliCichlid, Lake Victoria – Melanopterus

Hornbill, GreatIguana, Grand Cayman BlueIguana, JamaicanMonkey, DianaMoose

Peafowl, CongoPenguin, Long-Crested RockhopperTapir, Baird’s (Central American)Tapir, Malayan (Asian)

Cooperative Animal Management ProgramsThe Zoo cooperates with all members of the AZA to enhance the survival of endangered species in our collections and in the wild. This is done through SSP Programs. Groups of scientists and collaborating experts develop breeding plans to help protect the genetic variations of each of these species. Collaborative programs also are developed with range countries to assist in conservation of these animals and their habitats in the wild.

The Zoo also participates in AZA Species Studbooks to manage the propagation and reduce the inbreeding of zoo animal populations,and AZA Taxon Advisory Groups (TAGs) to develop strategies for the long-term management of animal groups. The Zoo collaborateswith all of the Species Studbooks, SSPs and TAGs appropriate for our animal collection, which include:

Species Studbooks

Species Survival Plan Programs

Alligator, ChineseAracari, GreenBat, Straw-Colored FruitBear, PolarBluebird, FairyBongo, EasternBonoboCallimicoCat, Black-FootedCheetahCichlid, Lake VictoriaColobus, AngolanColobus, GuerezaDikkop, SpottedDove, Black-Naped FruitEland, CommonElephantFlamingo, CaribbeanFox, FennecFrogmouth, TawnyGazelle, AddraGiraffe, Reticulated & RothschildGorilla, Western LowlandHeron, Boat-BilledHippopotamusHornbill, RhinocerosHyena, SpottedIbis, ScarletIbis, WaldrappJaguarJay, Plush Crested

Kangaroo, RedKingfisher, MicronesianKookaburra, LaughingKudu, GreaterLaughing Thrush, White-CrestedLemur, Black and White RuffedLemur, MongooseLemur, Red RuffedLemur, Ring-TailedLeopard, SnowLionMacaque, JapaneseMandrillMonkey, DeBrazza’sMooseMotmot, Blue CrownedMynah, BaliOrangutan, BorneanOrangutan, SumatranPanda, RedPenguin, GentooPenguin, HumboldtPenguin, Short-Crested RockhopperPigeon, Green-Naped PheasantPigeon, NicobarPigeon, Victoria-CrownedRail, GuamRattlesnake, Aruba IslandRattlesnake, Eastern MassasaugaRhea, GreaterRhinoceros, Eastern Black

Roller, Blue-BelliedScreamer, CrestedSea Lion, CaliforniaSeal, HarborSiamangSpider Monkey, Central AmericanSpider Monkey, Robust BlackSpoonbill, AfricanStarling, Golden-BreastedStilt, Black-NeckedStork, Abdim’s (White-Bellied)Stork, MarabouSunbitternTamarin, Cotton-TopTamarin, Golden LionTamarin, Golden-Headed LionTanager, TurquoiseTeal, MarbledTern, IncaTiger, AmurTiger, GenericTiger, MalayanTiger, SumatranToad, Puerto Rican CrestedTree Kangaroo, Matschie’sTuraco, ViolaceousVulture, KingWarthogWeaver, White-Headed BuffaloZebra, Grevy’sZebra, Plains

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Taxon Advisory Groups

AmphibianAntelope and GiraffeApeAquatic InvertebrateBatBearBison, Buffalo, CattleCanid and HyaenidCaprinaeCharadriiformesChelonianCiconiiformesPhoenicopteriformesColumbiformesCoraciiformesCrocodilian

Deer (Cervid/Tragulid)ElephantEquidFelidFreshwater FishesGalliformesGruiformesLizardMarine FishesMarine MammalMarsupial and MonotremeNew World PrimateOld World MonkeyPACCT (Passerines)Pangolin, Aardvark, XenarthraParrot

PenguinPiciformesProsimianRaptorRatite and TinamiformesRhinocerosRodent, Insectivore, LagomorphSmall CarnivoreSnakeTapirTerrestrial InvertebrateTuraco and CuckooWild Pig, Peccary and Hippo

Hippopotamus

M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O26

Professional Program ManagementZoo staff members hold management positions in national and international programs through the AZA and other conservationentities. These management positions include:

• President – Academy of Veterinary Zoological Medicine Technicians

• Director – Milwaukee Ape Heart Project • Manager – Bonobo Cardiovascular Database• Board of Directors – International Rhino Keeper Association• Chair & Co-chair – Humboldt Penguin SSP• Veterinary Adviser – Bonobo SSP, Ape TAG, Humboldt penguin

SSP, Penguin TAG • Academy of Veterinary Zoological Medicine Technicians Examination Committee

• Vice-chair – AZA Annual Conference Program Committee• Management Group – Bonobo SSP• Steering Committee – Institution Data Management Adviser

Group, Freshwater Fish TAG, Lake Victoria Cichlid SSP, Great Ape Heart Project, Ape TAG, Penguin TAG

• SSP Coordinator/Studbook Keeper/Point Person – Red Kangaroo, Yellow-Backed Duiker, Short-Crested Rockhopper,Long-Crested Rockhopper, Tayra, Striped Skunk, Canada Lynx

• Zookeeper Adviser – Bonobo SSP• Scientific Advisory Board – Urban Ecology Center• Animal Care Manual Team – Bonobo • Accreditation Inspectors – Association of Zoos and Aquariums• Program Manager – American College of Zoological Medicine

Residency Program • Co-editor – American Association of Zookeepers

Animal Keeper Forum

• Reviewer – Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Diseases• Behavioral Husbandry Committee – American Association

of Zookeepers• Executive Committee – Association of Zoo

Veterinary Technicians• Research Advisory Committee –

Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake• Education Committee – Elephant Managers Association• Enrichment Committee – Elephant Managers Association• Ethics Committee – Association of Zoo Veterinary Technicians• Grants Committee – Association of Zoo Veterinary Technicians,

National American Association of Zookeepers • Conservation Committee – National American Association

of Zookeepers• Animal Welfare Committee – Liaison between National AAZK

and AZA• Outreach Coordinator – Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake SSP • Partner – Seafood Watch Program

In addition, members of the Zoo staff are officers of the Milwaukee Chapter of the AAZK.

Facilities and ImprovementsA considerable number of animal area infrastructure proj-ects was completed in 2013. Most of these are not noticed by the public, but are critical for the continued operation of the Zoo and the well-being of the animal collection. The projects included: animal life-support systems, heating, venti- lating, electrical and plumbing upgrades, roof replacements and other behind-the-scenes renovations.

Amur tigerPhoto by Richard Brodzeller

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Administration and FinanceBackground and 2013 ReviewThis division oversees the following: Cash Management, Financialand Capital Project Planning, Accounts Payable and Receivable,General Office Services (including coordination of security, emer-gency medical support, reception and switchboard, radio dispatchand clerical support), Information Technology, Program and Audi-ence Evaluation and Research Services, the Zoo’s Green and GuestExperience committees, Zoo-wide Performance Measures, HumanResources, and Employee Safety and Training.

The Zoo ended the year with a total operating budget of$23,682,505 of which 74% or $17,617,439 was generated from revenues and 26% or $6,065,066 from property tax levy support.Although overall revenues were behind budget by $2,700,031, revenues from parking fees, rental income and catering increased a total of $150,000 over budget and expen-diture savings were $1,579,059 for a net shortfall of $1,120,972.

The Zoo’s trust funds ended with an increase of $27,071 to the fund balances.New for 2013, two hurricane machineswere added to help raise additionalfunds for conservation. A total of$5,272 was received net of fees and recorded in the Zoo’s trust fund, which will be earmarked to match staff efforts for conservation projects.

Cash ManagementThis section’s responsibilities includereconciliation of cash receipts to ourpoint-of-sale system; preparation of thebank deposits; preparation of cash regis-ter starting banks and daily support of thecashiers for change and deposits of funds; processing of contract ride revenues; and im-proved monitoring of cashier discrepancies. Since September, our Fiscal Assistant 1 in the Cash Room hastemporarily taken over for our lead staff person until the position is filled in 2014. The Zoo’s Accountant 2 also assisted with coverage for the Cash Room.

Financial and Capital Project Planning and ControlThis section involves coordination of the budget process. Balanc-ing the budget is challenging when funding is limited, while service,as well as entertainment values, are expected to be maintained, andnew revenue sources are explored and priorities re-evaluated. Fi-nancial reporting and analysis continued to be performed on adaily, monthly and annual basis, with comparisons to the 2013budget as well as to previous years. Revenue-sharing contractswere improved to enhance vendor accountability. The review ofthe Zoo’s revenue contracts started in 2012 through the first two

quarters of 2013 to improve language consistency and accounta-bility. Internal controls continue to be strengthened as processesare reviewed and enhancements are implemented.

Accounting (Accounts Payable and Receivable)Accounts Payable and Receivable processed contracts, purchasingrequisitions and receipts; monitored the credit card system; re-viewed sales documentation; prepared invoices; tracked accountsreceivable; and entered financial transactions into the generalledger. During the year, significant effort continued toward im-proving utilization of the automated purchasing function in thepoint-of-sale system. Accounting staff have been instrumental inidentifying discrepancies and assisting with problem resolution.Effective coordination of travel requests and expenditures con-

tinue to help the Zoo control these costs. The Fiscal Assistant 1 position was filled in 2013 to improve monitoring of inventory transactions and values.

General Office ServicesThe Zoo operates a two-channelultra-high frequency (UHF) sys-tem on the Zoo grounds usedby staff for communicationsand coordination. This systemhelps Zoo personnel coordi-nate operations, maintenanceand animal care. The systemhas its own backup powersupply to provide continuedcommunications in the eventof power failure. All Zoo-wideradios are programmed to oper-ate on the system’s primary channels, and on the fall-back

channels and the state and national interoperability repeater channels (as

defined by Homeland Security) in the eventof a system loss. In 2013, all radio equipment was

narrow banded or replaced to meet Federal Communica-tion Commission (FCC) requirements for very high frequency (VHF) and UHF licenses.

Also in 2013, a new emergency broadcast system was installed for the purpose of informing the public and employees of severeweather and Zoo emergencies.

Information Technology (IT)Information Technology functions were provided by Zoo staff, Milwaukee County’s Department of Administration—InformationManagement Services Division (IMSD) and outside consultants.The Zoo IT Support position reports through IMSD but directlysupports the Zoo. The Zoo has continued to partner with a variety

Polar bear

M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O28

of IMSD technical staff resources to assist primarily with connec-tivity, the point-of-sale, inventory and event management systems.Personnel from IMSD helped control the Zoo’s expenses by trou-bleshooting most register issues for the system on-site, rather than contracting with an outside vendor.

The Zoo IT Support position has allowed for continued improve-ment in preparation, usage and monitoring of financial informationthrough point-of-sale and Milwaukee County financial systems.Usage of the Internet Supply Store was enhanced for the Commis-sary, and inventory modifications continue for the Stockroom andresale items.

Staff attended the annual point-of-sale conference during the fall,allowing for both networking opportunities as well as a greater understanding of the system.

Program/Audience Evaluation and Research ServicesThis section consists of the Program/Audience Evaluation Specialist; a posi-tion created in the 2013 fiscal year and filled in April 2013. The mainfocus is to investigate Zoo visitors’experiences via research studies.This includes designing studies,collecting and analyzing data,and reporting results for studiesresearching aspects of a Zoovisit. These entail exhibit content,programming and special events.It also encompasses ongoing an-nual research such as the exit poll,and other studies as requested fromall Zoo divisions.

This section also works to collect information from guests and staff as necessary for the master planning process,and other studies with internal stakeholderssuch as Zoo staff, Zoological Society staff and volunteers. The Program/Audience Evaluation Specialistcoordinates the Guest Experience Committee (GEC) and assists in collecting and reporting performance measures set for the divisions.

Findings are shared both internally and externally where appropri-ate, including compiling and submitting information to grantors/funders. This position also connects with researchers at other institutions to ensure that the Zoo aligns with other free-choicelearning institutions (zoos, museums, science centers).

Guest Experience Committee (GEC)The goal of the GEC is to improve the overall experience of the Zoo visit. This encompasses topics, such as customer service, interdepartmental communication, amenities and offered experiences.

The GEC is coordinated by the Zoo’s Program/Audience Evalua-tion Specialist and consists of staff from each Zoo division workingin concert with staff of the Zoological Society—allowing the GECto think cross-institutionally about the features and impacts of theissues addressed.

Using feedback from guests and input from staff, the committee determines what barriers negatively affect a Zoo visit and howthey can be mitigated. It also identifies factors of an impactful Zoo experience and considers ways to include those factors ineveryday operations.

In 2013, the committee initiated an employee recognition programtitled the Sharing Thanks and Rewards (STAR) program. This pro-gram allowed department supervisors to highlight instances inwhich a staff member exceeded expectations to enhance the ex-

perience of Zoo guests. Between Memorial Day andLabor Day weekends, 118 Zoo staff members

were recognized through the program, with a total of 181 STAR cards awarded.

Green CommitteeThe Zoo has implemented recyclingprograms and conservation-mindedprojects for many years. Recyclingefforts include cell phones, printercartridges, aluminum cans, lightbulbs, food and motor oils, scrapmetals, restaurant cups, plasticbottles, paper and coffee grinds.The Zoo’s energy-savings pro-gram of upgraded electrical, natural gas, water and sewer in-frastructure continues to producesavings in utilities. The Zoo also has

used green-friendly practices in build-ing construction and other projects.

The Green Committee members consist of staff from each division to allow for input

and collaboration with all Zoo areas.

Human ResourcesThe Human Resources Section consists of the Human ResourcesCoordinator, Administrative Specialist and a seasonal assistant. Responsibilities include coordinating and performing a variety of technical and professional personnel-related tasks. General du-ties performed entail managing the payroll and human resourcesfunction to include grievance handling, recruitment, promotion,training, disciplinary actions, transfers, employee benefits and departmental diversity issues.

Also, the Human Resources Coordinator represents the Zoo aspart of committees, appeal boards and meetings, and hearings related to various personnel issues.

DeBrazza’

s monk

ey

Photo by Suvi S. Tory

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 29

Highlights from 2013 include:

• Participated in Milwaukee County job fairs to ensure a diverse workforce

• Worked with the Milwaukee County Department of Human Resources to process applications and hire zooworkers andfamily farm attendants

• Worked with the Milwaukee County Department of Human Resources to enable the Zoo to advertise current “hot jobs” on the county website

• Assisted in hiring seven individuals for full-time Zoo employment

• Worked with the Milwaukee County Department of Human Resources to inform, train and provide guidance to Zoo em-ployees regarding Milwaukee County’s time and attendance,payroll, benefits and recruitment system

Safety and TrainingThe Safety and Training Section is comprised of the Safety and Training Specialist and a seasonal training assistant. This section is responsible for instructing Zoo employees in regulatorycompliance, customer service, security, and emergency response programming and training. The section also is responsible formaintaining first aid kits, fire extinguishers and emergency chemi-cal exposure stations. In addition, assessing workplace hazards,developing safe work practices and assigning proper personal protective equipment are tasks assigned to this section.

This section also coordinates and provides identification badgesand distributes employee uniforms, and conducts annual seasonalorientations, informing Zoo seasonal staff of workplace policiesand procedures. The section performs routine hazardous waste re-moval and storage, and identification audits to ensure compliancewith state and federal regulations.

Material safety data sheets (MSDS) management, pesticide usage reports and annual Tier II reports are processed and completed by this section. The Safety and Training Specialist and the assistant are responsible for accident investigation and on-site security system maintenance, along with Zoo access control and surveillance programming.

State and federal compliance regulations mandate the annualsafety training programming conducted by this section. In addition to required programming, the Safety and Training Section con-tinues to promote the annual Employee Safety and Health Fair. The following topics were presented at the 2013 fair: Emergency Response and Drills, Hazardous Communication, Confined SpaceAwareness, Live Fire Extinguisher Training, Electrical Safety,Zoonosis, Cutting Safety, Power Tool Safety, Blood BornePathogens, Active Shooter Drill, Risk Management/Accident Statistics, Stress Reduction, Self Defense and Golf Cart Training.

Diversity CommitteeThe Diversity Committee is a group formed within the parame-ters of the Human Resources Section with a primary function of providing opportunities for better understanding of civil rights by Zoo personnel.

The committee consists of seven representatives from various divisions who annually make recommendations concerning equalopportunities for all employees regardless of race, color, sex, sexual orientation, religion, national origin, age, handicap andother nonmerit factors.

The committee acts as a resource for all Zoo staff by providing information and addressing particular concerns or complaints.Members attend quarterly training sessions that emphasize diversity-related issues in the workplace. Committee members also provide outreach through activities that promote diversity in the workplace.

Spider monkeyPhoto by Suvi S. Tory

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Group SalesThe Zoo’s Group Sales Section manages more than 600 events annually. These events include a mix of corporate, nonprofit andprivate events held throughout Zoo grounds. Groups can enjoy the entire Zoo grounds when the park is rented exclusively for an after-hours event.

Events can be held during any month of the year, and may includea building rental such as the Peck Welcome Center or Zoofari Con-ference Center, which are ideal for the corporate daytime meeting,after-hours party or wedding reception. An outdoor picnic site canhost groups of 50 to 5,000, and offers a unique scenic backdropwithin our park-like setting.

The Zoo’s Group Sales Section also is responsible for children’sbirthday parties, group tours and advanced consignment ticketsales that are sold and distributed throughout Wisconsin.

These events and ticket sales continue to have a positive financialimpact on the Zoo’s fiscal revenue and attendance budget.

Special EventsEach year, the Public Affairs and Services Division coordinatesmore than 16 special events held on Zoo grounds, drawing morethan 167,000 visitors.

Here are a few highlights from the year:

Samson Stomp & Romp – Jan. 20This annual winter run at the Zoo attracts participants fromthroughout the state, and 2013 was no different. Sponsored byAmica Insurance, the Samson Stomp & Romp offered a variety of race distances from which to choose, and walkers also werewelcome to participate. This year, we were proud to mark an all-time record for number of participants in the 5K run. All proceeds from the races benefited the animal collection, with an emphasis on the relatives of Samson, our western lowland gorilla who died in 1981 at the age of 32.Attendance: 2,200

Scouting the Zoo – June 1-2Each year during the first weekend in June, the Zoo hosts hun-dreds of Boy Scouts for an overnight event as a way to highlightthe importance of conservation. The Milwaukee County Council of Boy Scouts participates in the event, and offers visitors achance to see the scouts in action—demonstrating the manyways to use our resources for the good of our natural world.Attendance: 16,273

Senior Celebration – Aug. 30Seniors are the stars of this popular annual event as the Zoo offersa variety of outreach activities, entertainment and presentations

for guests 55 and over. Wheaton Franciscan Senior Health helpsto sponsor the event and presents many health and wellnessscreenings, all with the needs of seniors in mind. Guests also en-joyed complimentary ice cream, talks by master gardeners and aspecial fun walk coordinated by the Wisconsin Senior Olympics.Attendance: 9,751

Family Farm Weekend – Sept. 7-8Each year, the Zoo comes alive with fall fun as we highlight Wisconsin’s rich farming heritage at Family Farm Weekend,sponsored in part by the Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board. Theweekend’s highlight is the children’s pedal tractor-pull contest,taking place with other harvest activities in the Zoo’s Northwest-ern Mutual Family Farm. New this year, the event featured a verypopular milk chugging contest and a special craft fair featuringwares by our very own Zoo Pride volunteers.Attendance: 5,872

Special ProgramsThe Special Programs Section of the Zoo is responsible for over-seeing these areas: Supercuts Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea LionShow, our temporary summer special exhibits and audiovisualservices. In addition, this section works directly with the Zoolog-ical Society, serving as a liaison for all society events taking place at the Zoo.

Following are the 2013 highlights:

• The Supercuts Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea Lion Show is a 20-minute presentation sponsored by Supercuts, which enter-tains and educates visitors about seals and sea lions through a live animal show. The shows generated more than $142,200 in revenue for the year, and welcomed 60,743 visitors.

• Also during the summer, the Zoo hosted the exhibit Sting Ray & Shark Bay, sponsored by Sendik’s Food Markets. The popularexhibit was displayed May 25 through Sept. 2, and featured avariety of harmless sting rays and sharks that visitors couldtouch. More than 211,000 visitors got up close with these in-triguing animals during the exhibit’s run. The Special ProgramsSection coordinated and supervised staff for the exhibit.

• The Special Programs Section continued its partnership withthe Zoological Society, serving as a liaison to facilitate all of the society’s events that took place on Zoo grounds. This part-nership serves to strengthen the overall relationship betweenthe Zoo and the Zoological Society.

• Finally, Zoo operations were enhanced by the efforts of the Audiovisual Section. Areas served included: the Animal Divi-sion, Public Relations, Group Sales and Special Events. Photos,videos and visual presentations were used for newspaper and

Public Affairs and ServicesThe Public Affairs and Services Division consists of four sections: Group Sales, Public Relations, Special Events and Special Programs. In addition to these areas, the division is responsible for the overall marketing, promotion and advertising of the Zoo. The staff includes a division director, four coordinators, four full-time staff and approximately 50 seasonal zooworkers.

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magazine articles, animal identification, Zoo website, marketing and promotional campaigns, collateral pieces and the audiovisual needs for Group Sales clients.

Media RelationsIn 2013, the Zoo received positive media coverage from broadcast, print and electronic media outlets.

Following are a few media highlights from 2013:

• We received positive media coverage for our summer exhibitSting Ray & Shark Bay, through a variety of mediums: bothbroadcast and print covered the exhibit, many of these fea-tures allowed reporters and broadcasters to actually get intothe exhibit pool with the animals, making for interactive and exciting segments!

• The Zoo was regularly featured on many of the morning newsprograms, including “Real Milwaukee” on FOX6 and Channel 12News This Morning. Topics included our two Halloween eventsBoo at the Zoo and Halloween Spooktacular, and both of ouranimal appreciation days Elephant Awareness Day and WolfAwareness Day.

• Our Oceans of Fun Seal and Sea Lion Show was involved in aunique occurrence, adopting an orphaned sea lion pup fromthe coast of California. Nalu, a male pup, was part of an Un-usual Mortality Event, or UME, a declaration named so by theNational Marine Fishery Service for an unusually high number ofabandonments of a species. Traveling to Milwaukee by Fed/Explane, Nalu received local and national media coverage, as thiswas a first-time UME adoption for Oceans of Fun.

• Throughout 2013, new animal additions, including the Zoo’s two male jaguar cubs, and a potto born in our Small Mammals section, were featured in the AZA magazine Connect. This monthly member publication serves the zoo and aquarium professional community. In February, we an-nounced a special naming contest for the cubs, garnering additional media attention.

• The Zoo’s new animal births, acquisitions and special eventscontinued to be promoted on the website as well as our socialmedia outlets, which include Facebook and Twitter. As of theyear ending December 2013, the Zoo had 13,086 followers on Facebook.

Samson Stomp &

Romp

32 M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 33

Operations2013 Highlights:The Zoo’s Operations Department consists of the following divi-sions: Merchandising/Gift Shops, Visitor Services, Concessions and Catering, Grounds and Horticulture, Maintenance and Trades,Custodial, and Time and Material/Major Maintenance/Capital Project Construction Management.

Visitor ServicesThis section meets and greets guests upon entering the Zoo, providing them with information that is essential to their visit. In 2013, the Visitor Services sta1 admitted more than 1.2 million Zoo visitors. This section’s responsibilities include: collecting fees for admission and parking, and operating the miniature train,carousel, zoomobile, stroller rentals, sky safari, dog kennels and the mold-a-rama machines. The Visitor Services Division is com-prised of two full-time managers, two full-time engineers, one full-time engineer/welder and more than 60 seasonal employees.

2013 highlights:

• Added a full-time train engineer, welder and heavy equipment operator

• Constructed a ballast car, which drops gravel along the railroad tracks

• Partnered with the Grand Avenue Club, which assists individuals with special needs to enter the workforce and increases their level of self-esteem and independence

• Sta1ed every event that occurs during regular Zoo hours or after-hours events in conjunction with Group Sales, Public Affairs and Services, Education and Zoological Society departments

Merchandising/Gift Shops The Merchandising Section is part of the revenue-generating Operations Department of the Zoo. The section consists of onefull-time manager and 40 to 60 seasonal employees. Sta1 are responsible for all merchandising e1orts, which include:

• Networking with other zoos to find items for resale that reflect our mission statement

• Following trends for resale items that will not only educate but also appeal to our clientele

• Purchasing resale items, working with vendors for products, low costs and freight charges

• Tracking stock from the time that it arrives at the Zoo by receiving and transferring

• Accounting for all monies in stock items and sales transactions

• Working with contractors to maximize untraditional revenue resources through revenue share contracts

• Maintaining, training, scheduling and motivating all Merchandise employees

Under the Merchandise Section, revenue is generated through gift shop sales, face painting, temporary tattoos, ropes courses,zip line, entrance photos, remote gift shops and online sales.

2013 highlights:

• Implemented an online store selling gift cards and gift shop items

• Worked with the Grand Avenue Mall for a remote Christmas location

• Retained 75 percent of the workforce from 2012

• Assisted with Concessions sta4ng, sales and food production

• Generated record sales of more than $100,000 at hat shop and sidewalk sale

• Generated sales of $45,000 with addition of a retro candy shop

• Assisted in record sales for entrance photos, face painting and temporary tattoos

• Continued to work with children and adults with cognitive disabilities, which has been beneficial to job training and motivation

Grounds and HorticultureIn 2013, this section took advantage of very little snow cover inJanuary, removing invasive buckthorn and honeysuckle behindLake Evinrude for future plantings of evergreen and deciduoustrees. With Zoo accreditation approaching, the Primate buildinginterior plantings received a thorough review, including washing ofthe large panes of glass near the waterfall to improve natural light.

In spring, the aesthetic and visual background for the sting ray ex-hibit was created. Summer projects included special attention towatering following last summer’s drought, renovation of the land-scaping at the outflow of the upper Aviary pond, and improvingdrainage, erosion controls and plantings at the gira1e and drive-inrain gardens. A plan for emerald ash borer control was institutedby the arborist and crew.

To complete the year, this section helped prepare the grounds for Halloween events and addressed the rush of leaf clearingamidst an early onset of winter, all while planning a new design for the Breakfast with Santa photo area, and partnering with theMilwaukee County Nursery to choose a 16-foot spruce tree for the U.S. Bank Gathering Place, the largest tree at the Zoo in ourcollective memory.

Concessions and CateringThe Concessions and Catering operation provides our guests witha variety of food, beverages and snacks. The diverse sta1 numbers

M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O34

upwards of 145 associates and two full-time Food Service Man-agers. The operation has nine permanent concession facilities, four popcorn wagons, 45 vending machines, six beverage andsnack kiosks, and a fresh-squeezed lemonade stand.

2013 highlights:

• Replaced the dairy kiosk with a fresh-squeezed lemonadestand. This change directly resulted in an increase in revenue of $20,435 and lowered our operating and product cost.

• Replaced the Sea Lion Concession Stand with ShowstoppersSubs. The sub shop provides guests with a healthy food choice,which resulted in a revenue increase of $18,996 over 2012.

• In a continued e-ort to provide both additional and healthieroptions to our guests, the Family Farm Stand increased itsmenu options, adding natural and healthy products. This areaalso used the Zoo’s herb garden to create their menu, resultingin an increase in revenue of 8 percent or $5,286.

• The Catering team worked in conjunction with Group Sales to increase the number of picnics serviced. In 2013, revenue increased by 31 percent or $49,059.

Maintenance and TradesA considerable amount of infrastructure work is completed eachyear by the Maintenance and Trades Division. While most projectsare not noticeable to the public, they are critical to daily Zoo oper-ations. Maintaining the buildings, grounds, exhibits and public areas are vital to overall operations.

2013 highlights:

• More than 1,200 maintenance request orders were generatedwith a completion target to within five working days, withhigher priority requests being completed the same day when possible.

• Besides the scheduled 1,200 maintenance requests, there werean additional 700 call-in requests during the year, ranging fromemergency action required to repairs that needed completionby the end of the day.

• Due to new vendor/distributor relationships and maintenanceteam development that includes enhancing work skills andknowledge, fewer and fewer maintenance requested tasks/projects are being contracted outside of the Zoo, which hasbeen a huge cost savings for the Zoo.

• The development and continuing improvement of our in-housewelding/metal fabrication capabilities with additional requiredequipment continues to pay huge benefits to the Zoo in theareas of in-house emergency repair capabilities along with thecost savings of doing more metal fabrication projects in-house.

• The continuous improvement in truly developing working part-nerships with the various Zoo contractors continues to provideoutstanding benefits in cost avoidance and reductions by ensuring the proper work is completed and reasonably priced.

• Continuous improvements are being made regarding health and safety issues, and concerns with irreversible corrective action being implemented when a problem does arise.

• Energy conservation improvements are being implementedthat truly save money, such as the numerous lighting upgradesto LED light bulbs. The annual energy savings from a traditional70 watt halogen light bulb to a 13 watt LED bulb that producesthe same amount of light, with a much-enhanced light bulb life,results in an upgrade of 40,000 hours versus 1,700 hours.

2013 construction project highlights:

• Asphalt walkway replacement• Re-siding of cow barn• Resurfaced floor in Woodland Retreat restrooms• Installation of artwork on restroom partition doors• Improvements to bear dens• Installation of emergency broadcast system• Installation of elephant shade structure• Pachyderm corridor utilities protection• Gira-e roof replacement• Hay barn roof replacement• Winter Quarters roof renovation • Installation of overhead crane in train garage• South End tunnel reconstruction• Remodel of Lakeview restaurant restroom counter

StockroomThe Stockroom’s major responsibility is to support all of the revenue-generating operations. The operation consists of one full-time supervisor and eight seasonal associates. Main functions of the Stockroom include: ordering, shipping, receiving, deliveringand monitoring of inventory controls.

The employees of the Stockroom work closely with all Zoo departments in support of their daily needs. The Stockroom works directly and on a daily basis with Concessions, Catering,Group Sales, Special Events, Merchandising and the Zoological Society. The Stockroom stores food, beverage, merchandise and administrative products. The Stockroom works to ensure all health and sanitation standards are achieved, and maintains a clean and safe working environment.

CustodialThe Custodial Section is responsible for keeping buildings clean for our visitors and sta-. Custodians also work with theGroup Sales Division as well as vendors and event managers from small companies to large corporations. The section works to ensure the event plans and preparation requests are met for each client’s function.

Lion (opposite page) Photo by Suvi S. Tory

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 35

Operating Expenses (Financials)Zoological Department (Unaudited)

RevenuesTotal Admissions $6,180,139 $4,715,009 $(1,465,130)

Less Group Sales $1,580,207 $1,001,504 $(578,703)

Net Operational Admissions $4,599,932 $3,713,505 $(886,427)

Concessions $4,256,353 $3,372,304 ($884,049)

Catering $151,848 $209,045 $57,197

Novelties $1,836,065 $1,749,558 ($86,507)

Parking $3,061,447 $2,954,580 ($106,867)

Special Exhibit Admissions $399,461 $380,548 ($18,913)

Sea Lion Show $195,819 $142,251 ($53,568)

Vending Machine Commissions $339,967 $229,276 ($110,691)

Strollers $130,000 $100,652 ($29,348)

Animal Rides $48,000 $49,635 $1,635

Total Group Sales $2,492,343 $1,768,591 ($723,752)

Carousel $221,252 $185,860 ($35,392)

SkyRide $251,722 $126,624 ($125,098)

Society Memberships $338,771 $390,309 $51,538

Donations $187,500 $209,126 $21,626

Other Private Funding $1,332,440 $1,332,440 $0

Sponsorships $275,500 $272,892 ($2,608)

Miscellaneous Revenue $731,923 $865,185 $133,262

Sales Tax ($532,873) ($434,940) $97,933

TOTAL REVENUES $20,317,470 $17,617,439 ($2,700,031)

2013 Adjusted Budget

2013Actual Year-to-Date Variance ( ) = Deficit

ExpendituresPersonnel Services $8,426,249 $8,199,770 $226,398

Fringe Benefits $4,897,974 $4,965,706 ($67,651)

Contractual Services $6,370,949 $5,327,234 $1,043,715

Commodities $3,486,999 $3,245,798 $241,201

Depreciation $0 $0 $0

Capital Outlay $577,627 $450,712 $126,915

Internal Service Charges $1,555,095 $1,493,285 $61,810

Other Expenditures ($53,329) $0 ($53,329)

TOTAL EXPENDITURES $25,261,564 $23,682,505 $1,579,059

TAX LEVY $4,944,094 $6,065,066 ($1,120,972)

ATTENDANCE 1,350,000 1,232,899 (117,101)

36 M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O

Operating ExpensesZoo Trust Funds (Unaudited)

RevenuesZoomobile Revenue $102,185 $60,719 ($41,466)

Miniature Train Revenue $660,000 $612,254 ($47,746)

Earnings on Investments $1,700 $2,364 $664

Donations and Reserve Contribution $97,806 $6,846 ($90,960)

Other Revenue $79,867 $43,740 ($36,127)

Sales Tax ($35,000) ($28,751) $6,249

TOTAL REVENUES $906,558 $697,171 ($209,387)

ExpendituresPersonnel Services $361,358 $286,732 $74,626

Fringe Benefits $82,240 $82,240 $0

Contractual Services $267,951 $185,255 $82,696

Commodities $40,441 $46,460 ($6,019)

Conservation Projects $13,000 $5,000 $8,000

Capital Outlay $145,458 $83,731 $61,727

Internal Service Charges $644 $0 $644

TOTAL EXPENDITURES $911,092 $689,418 $221,674

NET INCOME (LOSS) ($4,534) $7,754 $12,287

Fund Balance January 1, 2013 $704,547

Net Income $7,754

Fund Balance December 31, 2013 $712,301

2013Adjusted Budget

2013Actual Year-to-Date

Variance( ) = DeficitRailroad Trust

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 37

Pale-mandibled aracariPhotos by Suvi S. Tory

Specimen Trust

RevenuesEarnings on Investments $600 $1,003 $403

Animal Sales/Milk Sales $19,709 $12,466 ($7,243)

Gira)e Experience $26,235 $24,369 ($1,867)

Gifts and Donations $1,500 ($1,283) ($2,783)

Other Miscellaneous Revenue $0 $0 $0

Reserve Contribution $0 $0 $0

TOTAL REVENUE $48,044 $36,555 ($11,489)

ExpendituresContractual Services $36,229 $16,619 $19,610

Commodities $12,000 $619 $11,381

Internal Service Charges $0 $0 $0

TOTAL EXPENDITURES $48,229 $17,238 $30,992

NET INCOME (LOSS) ($185) $19,318 $19,503

Fund Balance January 1, 2013 $209,429

Net Income $19,318

Fund Balance December 31, 2013 $228,747

RAILROAD AND SPECIMEN TRUST FUNDS

Total Trust Revenue 2013 $733,726

Less Total Trust Expenditures 2013 ($706,655)

2013 NET INCOME (LOSS) $27,071

2013 AdjustedBudget

2013Actual

Year-to-DateVariance

( ) = Deficit

M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O38

The Milwaukee County Zoo and the Zoological Society of MilwaukeeA Public-Private PartnershipThe mission of the Zoological Society of Milwaukee is to participate in conserving endangered species, to educate people about the importance of wildlife and the environment, and to support the Milwaukee County Zoo.

Zoological Society Support of the Milwaukee County ZooThanks to the Zoological Society of Milwaukee (ZSM), there aremore and more ways to zoom in on favorite Milwaukee CountyZoo animals, such as the jaguar cubs. In its fiscal 2012-2013 year, the ZSM installed a camera in the jaguar den so people couldwatch the playful cubs, born Nov. 13, 2012, before they went on exhibit indoors (where we also added a camera). The ZSM 2013Annual Appeal raised $170,684 for cameras in the jaguars’ outdoorexhibit as well as in polar bears, elephants and brown bears andfor cash support to the Zoo. Since we started a few years ago rais-ing money for these “animal cams,” the ZSM has placed camerasfocusing on orangutans, the fish of Lake Wisconsin, lions, tigersand the Zoo’s three species of penguins (Humboldts, gentoos and rockhoppers). As viewers get to know animals better, theycare more about wildlife, conservation and the Zoo. Webcams are just part of the total support that the ZSM provides to theZoo, which in 2012-2013 was $7,011,750 (including direct projectcosts). That was an increase of more than $1.5 million from the previous year. Here are summaries of ZSM support of the Zoo during the ZSM’s 2012-2013 fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 2013:

• Conservation and research: The ZSM spent $402,781 in 2012-2013, most of which supported the ZSM’s internationalbonobo-conservation project in Africa, the Bonobo & CongoBiodiversity Initiative (BCBI). That project helps the Zoo tomeet its commitment to conservation. As part of the Zoo’s mission and also for accreditation with the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, the Zoo supports conservation e0orts in the field to help endangered species. The ZSM providedabout $22,533 in 2012-2013 to several of those projects, manyinvolving Zoo sta0. The ZSM also supports the Bonobo Species Survival Plan®, headed by the ZSM’s conservation coordinator, Dr. Gay Reinartz; that program helps manage the health andbreeding success of bonobos in zoos.

• Exhibits and buildings: The ZSM gave $211,970 in direct cashsupport to Zoo exhibits, including $47,941 for the 2013 specialsummer exhibit: Sting Ray & Shark Bay, sponsored by Sendik’sFood Markets. The ZSM helped upgrade the Northwestern Mu-tual Family Farm entrance ($19,904) and the Black Bear Exhibit($1,885, thanks to a grant from MillerCoors). Also, the ZSM donated payments for maintenance contracts on various Zoobuildings ($142,240).

• Fundraisers run by the ZSM Associate Board: The 30th an-niversary Zoo Ball, sponsored by U.S. Bank, Wells Fargo andWisconsin Energy Foundation raised $661,529. The 24th AnnualBirdies and Eagles Golf Tournament, sponsored by FiduciaryManagement Inc., raised $101,511. All other fundraising events

run by the Associate Board, including such events as a springfamily evening at the Zoo, a Zoo summer campout, and a fallbike ride raised $226,283.

• Platypus Circle: Members of the ZSM’s annual-giving group donated more than $676,526 in cash or in-kind services to help the Zoo.

• Publications, websites and social media: The ZSM producedpublications and other materials that highlighted Zoo events,conservation programs, new exhibits and animals. These in-cluded Alive magazine, Contributors, Wild Things newsletter,and Platy Press newsletter for Platypus Circle members. In October 2012 the ZSM published an animal-photo calendarthat was an immediate hit thanks to quality photos by RichardBrodzeller. The ZSM’s website averaged 32,711 visits per month in 2012-2013, an increase of 8,838 per month over the previousyear. The site provides information about the Zoo and its ani-mals, including self-guided tours, event details, and an archive of publications dating to 1951. In 2013 the ZSM developed amicrosite featuring its BCBI bonobo-conservation project (go to bonoboconservation.com). The ZSM also increasedposts to its Facebook page to every weekday. The ZSMYouTube channel helps promote the Zoo, as do ZSM “tweets” on the social-networking site Twitter. The ZSM also assists with maintenance of the Zoo’s website.

• Signs, videos, interactive displays, Zoo printed materials, special projects: The ZSM’s Creative Department of five artists and a researcher provides graphics and design support to the Zoo as well as to the ZSM. In 2012-2013, the departmentproduced 38 issues of various Zoo and ZSM publications, from full-color magazines to Zoo maps, from education classbrochures to annual reports. The department also created 562 signs for ZSM and Zoo events, 156 animal-area bannersand another 72 banners for events, 37 event invitations andprograms, for the Zoo and ZSM, 85 animal-information signs at various exhibits, 32 animations and 9 videos that are shown in the Zoo’s entrance atrium, 55 print advertisements, 20 web-site updates, 10 PowerPoint presentations, and 7 interactivedisplays for the Zoo.

• Sponsors, grantors and supporters: The ZSM acquires spon-sors for most of the Zoo’s major events and attractions, andZSM 2012-2013 direct cash sponsorship support to the Zoo was $340,798. Grants supporting education and conservation programs as well as other projects brought in $761,688 lastyear. Additional support of $652,887 went to the ZSM’s livetheater program (see Education).

A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 3 39

• The ZSM’s Sponsor an Animal program raised $164,371 in the last fiscal year to support the Zoo’s animals.

• Veterinary help: The ZSM provided $98,448 in funds to theZoo’s veterinary sta, by paying $43,924 for veterinary clinicalresidents and $54,524 for a pathology resident. All of themprovided aid to the Zoo’s veterinary sta,.

• Volunteer help: Zoo Pride volunteers provided invaluable help with Zoo and ZSM events, education programs, Zoo tours, and more. Of 652 Zoo Pride volunteers, 446 active members donated 50,872 hours in 2012-2013. In addition, high school student volunteers contributed 3,482 hours to help ZSM professional sta, with 2013 summer camps.

• Additional cash support: The ZSM provided $500,000 to the Zoo in a Zoo Pass price increase. The total additional cash support that the Zoological Society provided to the Zoo was $1,261,940.

The Zoological Society’s Education Programs at the ZooBy offering extensive education programs nearly year-round, the ZSM helps the Zoo maintain national accreditation by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums. In total, ZSM conservation-education programs served more than 288,500 people in fiscal year 2012-2013 and reached thousands more with educational messages about conservation through publications and onlinemedia. A summary:

Kohl’s Wild Theater: In July 2013 Kohl’s Cares announced a $1.5million grant over three years to the ZSM to continue the Kohl’sWild Theater (KWT) program at the Milwaukee County Zoo into2016. This live, interactive, participatory theater uses drama, pup-petry and songs to bring conservation messages to children andfamilies. The funding will allow KWT to expand its show repertoireto a total of 17 unique and original shows, add new puppets forstage and exhibit performances, and make improvements to thestage and theater area at the Zoo. The KWT program was cre-ated in 2010, thanks to an initial $1 million donation from Kohl’sCares, and has quickly grown to become the country’s largest zoo-theater program. In October 2012, KWT launched the second season of its highly successful outreach programming to schoolsand community organizations.

Summer Camps: The ZSM’s Summer Camps, sponsored by Pen-zeys Spices, is one of the largest zoo- or aquarium-based campprograms in the nation. Camps are offered for ages 2-14, and some o,er adult participation (with children ages 2-5). ZSM 2013summer camps drew 11,512 participants: 8,537 children and 2,975 parents in 529 camp sessions. Summer college-student internshipsprovided 20 students (including three college-student teaching interns) hands-on job training, thanks, in part, to grants.

September-May Programs: From September through May, theZSM offers classes for individuals ages 2-14 and programs forschool groups that help students with science requirements set

by the Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. In fiscal year 2012-2013, the ZSM served more than 12,000 people in individual child or parent-child classes, 24,099 schoolchildrenthrough ZSM-run programs at the Zoo or presented at schools (in addition to students reached by KWT outreach shows), and anadditional 84,619 schoolchildren who used the Zoo as a science laboratory on field trips and had ZSM curriculum available duringself-directed tours. The ZSM’s Conservation Education Depart-ment also continued to o,er programming designed specificallyfor scout groups.

Programming for Disadvantaged Youth: 1) The Animal Ambassa-dor program teaches schoolchildren about wildlife conservation sothey can become ambassadors for animals. Thanks to sponsors foreach school, ZSM Animal Ambassador and Continuum programs,which serve schools in economically disadvantaged neighbor-hoods, reached 614 second-graders and 679 third-graders at 12schools, and 1,276 fourth-graders at 20 schools. Another 545 stu-dents in five schools with smaller classes experienced a modifiedprogram. 2) Summer Camps special programs allowed 421 chil-dren from seven Milwaukee-area neighborhood and communitycenters to attend ZSM 2013 camps, thanks to grants. 3) A partner-ship with Big Brothers & Big Sisters of Greater Milwaukee and agrant allowed the ZSM to plan a day’s activities at the Zoo for 318 people (paired adults and children).

GiraffePhoto by Richard Brodzeller

M I L W A U K E E C O U N T Y Z O O40

Financial Summary Zoological Society of Milwaukee (ZSM) – Year ending September 30, 2013

COST OF SUPPORT AND REVENUE (Support Services)MEMBERSHIP DUESExpense of providing benefits to all Zoo Pass and Platypus Circle members. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,666,164

SPECIAL EVENTS/PROGRAMSExpense of providing and promoting ZSM special events/programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $497,584

TOTAL COST OF SUPPORT AND REVENUE(Support Services) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,163,748

EXPENSESDIRECT PROJECT COSTSExpenses relative to capital projectsand specific programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $26,421

ZOO SUPPORTDirect cash and in-kind support to the Zoo; expense of providing, promoting and supporting education; graphics; special-exhibit projects; and Zoo special events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $6,985,329

RESEARCH/CONSERVATIONExpenses relating to state, national and international programs supporting species preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $675,617

GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVEExpenses relating to daily ZSM operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $425,156

TOTAL EXPENSES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $8,112,523

TOTAL COST OF SUPPORT AND EXPENSES . . . . . . . . . $10,276,271

64%

22%

7%

7%

68%

21%

7%

4%

MEMBERSHIP DUES: 64%

SPECIAL EVENTS/PROGRAMS: 22%

CONTRIBUTIONS: 7%

GRANTS: 7%

ZOO SUPPORT, CAPITAL AND DIRECT PROJECT COSTS: 68%

SUPPORT SERVICES: 21%

RESEARCH/CONSERVATION: 7%

GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE: 4%

SUPPORT AND REVENUEMEMBERSHIP DUESFrom all Zoo Pass and Platypus Circle members. . . . . . $6,596,909

CONTRIBUTIONSToward capital projects, specific programs and support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $710,727

SPECIAL EVENTS PROGRAMS/SPONSORSHIPSIncluding animal sponsorship, Zoo Ball, education, ZSM and Zoo special events, and sponsorships . . . . . . . $2,280,333

INTEREST INCOME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $8,629

GRANTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $761,668

TOTAL SUPPORT AND REVENUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $10,358,266

Receipts

Expenses

African spurred tortoisePhoto by Richard Brodzeller

Photo by Richard Brodzeller

4

Milwaukee County ExecutiveChris Abele

Milwaukee County Board ChairmanMarina Dimitrijevic ..........................4th District

Vice ChairPeggy Romo West.........................12th District

Board of SupervisorsDeanna Alexander .........................18th DistrictMark A. Borkowski ..........................11th DistrictDavid Bowen....................................10th DistrictGerry Broderick................................3rd DistrictDavid Cullen .....................................15th DistrictJohn Haas .........................................14th DistrictWillie Johnson, Jr. ..........................13th DistrictPatricia Jursik....................................8th DistrictTheo Lipscomb ..................................1st DistrictKhalif Rainey.....................................2nd DistrictJim Schmitt........................................6th DistrictAnthony Staskunas ...................... 17th DistrictRussell Stamper .............................. 5th DistrictSteve Taylor .......................................9th DistrictJohn F. Weishan, Jr. ......................16th District

The Milwaukee County Zoo o�ers equal opportunities for employees and visitors alike.

10001 West Bluemound RoadMilwaukee, WI 53226414.771.3040www.milwaukeezoo.org

Editor: Jennifer Diliberti-SheaDesigner: Kevin de WanePhotographer: Michael Nepper (unless otherwise noted)

AnnReport Cover 13-14_2014 9/23/14 10:26 AM Page 4

Front and back cover photos by Mark Scheuber

AnnReport Cover 13-14_2014 9/23/14 10:24 AM Page 1